The effect of mealybug Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti) infestation of different density on physiological responses of Phalaenopsis × hybridum ‘Innocence’

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kot ◽  
K. Kmieć ◽  
E. Górska-Drabik ◽  
K. Golan ◽  
K. Rubinowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Pseudococcus Longispinus ◽  
Moth Orchid ◽  
In Series ◽  
Leakage Measurement ◽  
Leaf Tissues

AbstractCultivated orchids are the most abundantly attacked by polyphagous mealybugs. This study documented how different density of mealybug Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti) infestation is associated with a response of antioxidative systems of Phalaenopsis × hybridum ‘Innocence’. The degree of cell damage, estimated by electrolyte leakage measurement and the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), the content of pigments as well as the activity of antioxidative enzymes and proline level, as measurements of stress and stress compensation in moth orchid were examined. The highest electrolyte leakage (EL) value among samples from colonized plants was found in the orchids from series III (50 individuals/plant), whereas the lowest in the plants from series II (20 individuals/plant). The TBARS content reached the highest level at the lowest number of feeding insects (series I). Peroxidase activity toward guaiacol was significantly increased in series I (5 individuals/plant). The highest catalase activity was recorded in plants colonized by the highest number of scale insects (series III). Whereas, the highest value of proline was in series II. The content of individual photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids) in plant tissues did not vary significantly between control and colonized orchids. The results have not confirmed hypothesis that the increasing number of mealybugs occurring on plant enhanced plant physiological response. The degree of longtailed mealybug infestation on plants was positively correlated only with electrolyte leakage and catalase activity in leaf tissues.

scholarly journals Decreased Erythrocyte NA+,K+-ATPase Activity and Increased Plasma TBARS in Prehypertensive Patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Ricardo Maneck Malfatti ◽  
Leandro Tibiriçá Burgos ◽  
Alexandre Rieger ◽  
Cássio Luiz Rüdger ◽  
Janaína Angela Túrmina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Normal Blood Pressure ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Membrane Cell

The essential hypertension has been associated with membrane cell damage. The aim of the present study is investigate the relationship between erythrocyte Na+,K+-ATPase and lipoperoxidation in prehypertensive patients compared to normotensive status. The present study involved the prehypertensive patients (systolic:136±7 mmHg; diastolic:86.8±6.3 mmHg;n=8) and healthy men with normal blood pressure (systolic:110±6.4 mmHg; diastolic:76.1±4.2 mmHg;n=8) who were matched for age (35±4years old). The venous blood samples of antecubital vein (5 mL) were collected into a tube containing sodium heparin as anticoagulant (1000 UI), and erythrocyte ghosts were prepared for quantifying Na+,K+-ATPase activity. The extent of the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was determined in plasma. The statistical analysis was carried out by Student’st-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. AP<0.05was considered significant. The Na+,K+-ATPase activity was lower in prehypertensive patients compared with normotensive subjects (4.9 versus 8.0 nmol Pi/mg protein/min;P<0.05). The Na+,K+-ATPase activity correlated negatively with TBARS content (r=-0.6;P<0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (r=-0.84;P<0.05). The present study suggests that Na+,K+-ATPase activity reduction and elevation of the TBARS content may underlie the pathophysiological aspects linked to the prehypertensive status.

Fluctuating versus constant temperatures: effects on metabolic rate and oxidative damages in freshwater crustacean embryos

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 591-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natacha Foucreau ◽  
Charly Jehan ◽  
Martin Lawniczak ◽  
Frédéric Hervant
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Thermal Regime ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Gammarus Roeseli ◽  
Oxidative Damages

Rising temperatures will pose a major threat, notably for freshwater ecosystems, in the decades to come. Temperature, a major environmental factor, affects organisms’ physiology and metabolism. Most studies of temperature effect address constant thermal regime (CTR), whereas organisms are exposed to fluctuating thermal regime (FTR) in their natural environments. In addition, previous works have predominantly addressed issues of thermal tolerance in adults rather than in early life stages. Therefore, for the first time to our knowledge, we aimed to investigate the influence of thermal conditions, either FTR or CTR, on the physiology of the crustacean amphipod Gammarus roeseli Gervais, 1835 at different embryonic stages. We measured the metabolic rate and the TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) body content (to assess the level of oxidative damage). Oxygen consumption rate strongly increased throughout embryo development, whereas oxidative damages did not clearly change. In addition, the embryos tended to consume oxygen equally but displayed less oxidative damage when developing under FTR compared with developing under CTR. Moreover, our results revealed that fluctuating temperatures (and especially the existence of a colder (nonstressful) period during the day) could allow cell-damage repairs, and therefore, allow G. roeseli embryos to ensure good development by implementing an efficient protection response against oxidative stress.

scholarly journals 611 High Temperature Acclimation and Catalase Stability in Pepper Leaves

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 502D-502
Author(s):  
Jeff Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
Temperature Acclimation ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Stress Acclimation ◽  
Pepper Leaves ◽  
Leaf Disks

Activated forms of oxygen, including hydrogen peroxide, have been implicated in plant responses to stress. Environmental stresses may increase prooxidants, impair defense systems, or both. Stress acclimation may involve changes in capacity or stability of activated oxygen defenses. Catalases and peroxidases are the primary enzymatic detoxifiers of hydrogen peroxide in most plant tissues. Pepper leaf disks treated with hydrogen peroxide solutions from 0 to 100 mM showed increased electrolyte leakage and ethylene and methanol evolution with increasing concentration, but changes were slight compared to freeze-killed tissues. Data suggested that pepper leaves had considerable capacity to detoxify hydrogen peroxide. Cellular damage in heat-stressed tissues occurred over a similar temperature range that catalase activity declined. Leaf disks exposed to 24 to 59 °C for 15 min exhibited a sigmoidal electrolyte leakage response curve with an inflection at 51.5 °C. A similar plot of catalase activity vs. temperature exhibited an inflection point at 53.1 °C. Thermotolerance of plants exposed to the acclimating regime of 38 °C day/30 °C night increased from 50.7 to 53.9 °C based on electrolyte leakage. Catalase activity also showed an adaptive response with the inflection point increasing from 52.6 to 56.8 °C. It appears that catalase activity remains stable to a higher temperature in acclimated leaves, with similar activity in nonstressed control and acclimated plants.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS CHANGES IN PRO-OXIDANT-ANTIOXIDANT STATUS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE LEUKEMIA DURING CHEMOTHERAPY

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
H.S. Maslova ◽  
I.M. Skrypnyk ◽  
O.F. Hopko
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Changes in the processes of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system activity are involved in the pathogenesis of carcinogenesis and can affect tumor resistance to chemotherapy. The aim of this study to investigate the nature of changes in pro-oxidant-antioxidant status in patients with acute leukemia during remission induction chemotherapy.  Materials and methods. The study involved 42 patients with newly diagnosed acute leukemia, 22 of them were diagnosed to have acute myeloid leukemia and 20 patients had acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The age range was 18-58 years, there were 19 women (45.2%) and 23 men (54.8%). The patients were divided into two groups: I (n=22) included patients with acute myeloid leukemia, who had chemotherapy modes "7+3" and "5+2" for variants M0-2 and "7+3+etoposide" or "5+2+etoposide" for M4-5 variants; II (n=20) group included patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, who received chemotherapy according to D. Hoelzer protocol. Hemogram parameters (red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, platelets) were evaluated at baseline and on the 28th day of chemotherapy. The concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and catalase activity in the blood serum were assessed as well. Examination of acute myeloid leukemia patients was performed before the chemotherapy, on the 4th and 28th days since chemotherapy started; acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients were examined before chemotherapy, on the 23rd and 28th days. The group of healthy individuals consisted of 20 persons, including 9 (45%) women and 11 (55%) men, aged 22-26 years. Results. The detailed clinical picture of acute leukemia was accompanied by typical changes in hemogram in the patients of both test groups, and namely, by the development of leukocytosis, anemia, thrombocytopenia. At the same time, the patients with acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia demonstrated an increased concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in 1.8 and 1.89 times, respectively (p<0.05) that was accompanied by an increased serum catalase activity in 1.96 and 1.8 times, respectively (p<0.05) compared to healthy individuals. During "7+3" chemotherapy, acute myeloid leukemia patients were found to show thiobarbituric acid reactive substances increased in 1.9 times on the 4th day of treatment and decreased on the 28th day.The patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia managed according to the D. Hoelzer protocol demonstrated an increased concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the blood serum in 1.33 times on the 23rd day of treatment (p<0.05), maintaining this level up to the 28th day. The catalase activity in the patients of the comparison groups did not change. Conclusion. The debut of acute leukemia is accompanied by activation of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system enzymes. Сhemotherapy promotes the shift of the prooxidant-antioxidant equilibrium towards the lipid peroxidation activation.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Gynura Bicolor Alcohol Extracts on Rat Kidney Epithelial NRK-52E Cells Induced by Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Ling Hsieh ◽  
Chia-Hsuan Wu ◽  
Jyh-Jye Wang ◽  
Chien-Chun Li ◽  
Chih-Chung Wu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Damage ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Butyl Hydroperoxide ◽  
Tert Butyl ◽  
Tert Butyl Hydroperoxide ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Gynura Bicolor

Abstract Background: Gynura bicolor is a common vegetable in the Asia and has many physiological effects. We aimed to investigate the renoprotective effects of G. bicolor alcohol extracts (GBAEs). Methods: Rat kidney epithelial NRK-52E cell culture and kidney damage induction by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) were used as experimental models. In this study, the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities, the levels of apoptosis and apoptosis-related molecules were analyzed in NRK-52E cells following t-BHP-induced injury. Results: The results showed the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) decreased by levels by 61-71% and 41-59%, respectively, in NRK-52E cells treated with 0.5, 1, or 5 mg/ml GBAE combined with t-BHP compared with t-BHP-induced cells (p<0.05). The GSH levels and GSH-to-GSSG ratio were increased in NRK-52E cells treated with 0.5, 1, and 5 mg/ml GBAE combined with t-BHP compared to t-BHT-induced cells (p<0.05). The nitrite (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), IL-6, and TNF-α levels of NRK-52E cells treated with 0.5, 1, and 5 mg/ml GBAE combined with t-BHP were decreased compared with t-BHP-induced cells (p<0.05). In addition, Bcl-2 levels were increased after treatment with 5 mg/ml GBAE combined with t-BHP, and the levels of Bax and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and the apoptosis percentage were decreased after treatment with 1 or 5 mg/ml GBAE combined with t-BHP induction compared to after t-BHP induction alone (p<0.05). Conclusions: These data showed that 5 mg/ml GBAE can protect against kidney cell damage induced by t-BHP. The mechanism involves reducing cell damage and apoptosis through decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Dorema glabrum on Induced Oxidative Stress by Diazinon in Hippocampus of Rat

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mina Adampourezare ◽  
Parisa Sistani ◽  
Homeira Hatami Nemati
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Pre Treatment

Introduction: Diazinon (DZN) administration produces lipid peroxidation as an indicator of oxidative stress in the brain. Some medicinal plants such as Dorema glabrum has antioxidant properties, so can be used as an antioxidant that may protect neurons from oxidative stress. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of D. glabrum against DZN-induced oxidative stress in hippocampus. Methods: Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were used in this study. The rats randomly were divided into four groups including a control group, and two groups received different doses of D. glabrum (40 and 80 mg/kg) as pre-treatment for 21 days with DZN (100 mg/Kg) that was injected intraperitoneally (ip) in last day of D. glabrum usage, and one group received only DZN. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), which are the indicators of lipid peroxidation, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase) were determined in the ratsʼ hippocampus. Results: Administration of DZN significantly increased TBARS levels and superoxide dismutase activity and decreased glutathione peroxidase activity but there were no significant changes in catalase activity in the hippocampus. Combined D. glabrum and DZN treatment, caused a significant increase in glutathione peroxidase, a significant decrease of TBARS and a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase and again no significant changes in catalase activity in the rats’ hippocampus when compared to the rats treated with DZN. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that D. glabrum had an amelioratory effect on oxidative stress induced by DZN.

scholarly journals Coccidae, Pseudococcidae, Ortheziidae, and Monophlebidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of Espírito Santo, Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Paul Culik ◽  
David dos Santos Martins ◽  
José Aires Ventura ◽  
Ana Lúcia Benfatti Gonzalez Peronti ◽  
Penny Jean Gullan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Record ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
Pseudococcus Longispinus ◽  
Coccus Viridis ◽  
Phenacoccus Madeirensis ◽  
Espirito Santo ◽  
First Time

New plant hosts are recorded for nine scale insect species recently collected in Espírito Santo, Brazil, and eleven scale insect species are recorded for the first time from the state: Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock, Coccus longulus (Douglas), Coccus viridis (Green), Eucalymnatus tesselatus (Signoret), Pseudokermes sp., Saissetia coffeae (Walker), Phenacoccus madeirensis Green, Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi Gimpel & Miller, Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti), Icerya purchasi Maskell, and Icerya genistae Hempel. This is also the first record of Co. longulus in Brazil. Information on the host plants and geographic distribution of the 26 species of scale insects of the families Coccidae, Pseudococcidae, Ortheziidae, and Monophlebidae, currently known from Espírito Santo is provided.

scholarly journals Effects of copper deficiency on hepatic and cardiac antioxidant enzyme activities in lactose- and sucrose-fed rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Lynch ◽  
J. J. Strain
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Manganese Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

1. A number of dietary sugars are known to mediate the effects of copper deficiency. The effects of lactose (compared with sucrose) and a dietary Cu deficiency on hepatic and cardiac antioxidant enzyme activities and tissue mineral element status were investigated in the rat.2. Groups (n 6) of male weanling Wistar rats were provided ad lib. with deionized water and diets containing sucrose (580 g/kg) or sucrose and lactose (387 g/kg and 193 g/kg respectively) with either control (12.0 mg/kg) or deficient (1.5 mg/kg) quantities of Cu for 77 d.3. Animals consuming the low-Cu diets exhibited significantly decreased tissue Cu levels (P < 0.01), hepatic and cardiac cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1, CCO) activities (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001 respectively) and hepatic Cu-zinc superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1, CuZnSOD) activity (P < 0.05). The low-Cu diets also significantly decreased cardiac manganese superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1, MnSOD), catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) and glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9, GSH-Px) activities (P < 0.01, P < 0.05 and P < 0.001 respectively).4. Hepatic Mn was significantly increased in both lactose-fed (P < 0.001) and Cu-deficient (P < 0.01) animals. These increases were unrelated to hepatic MnSOD activity. Cardiac Zn was significantly (P < 0.01) increased in Cu-deficient animals.5. Lactose feeding resulted in significantly increased cardiac CCO activity (P < 0.001) but significantly decreased hepatic CuZnSOD (P < 0.05), catalase (P < 0.01) and GSH-Px (P < 0.001) activities.6. The activities of lactose dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27, LDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49, G6PDH) were found to be significantly (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively) increased in Cu-deficient animals and G6PDH activity was significantly (P < 0.01) decreased as a result of lactose consumption.7. The observed changes in antioxidant enzyme activities associated with both Cu deficieny and lactose consumption may have important implications for the development of free radical mediated cell damage. However, no significant differences in either hepatic or cardiac levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, a measure of lipid peroxidation, were found.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document