Changes in the potential distribution of the guava fruit fly Anastrepha striata (Diptera, Tephritidae) under current and possible future climate scenarios in Colombia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
E. Amat ◽  
M. Altamiranda-Saavedra ◽  
N. A. Canal ◽  
L. M. Gómez-P
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Guava Fruit ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Suitable Area ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract Climate change has affected the geographical distributions of most species worldwide; in particular, insects of economic importance inhabiting tropical regions have been impacted. Current and future predictions of change in geographic distribution are frequently included in species distribution models (SDMs). The potential spatial distributions of the fruit fly Anastrepha striata Schiner, the main species of agricultural importance in guava crops, under current and possible future scenarios in Colombia were modeled, and the establishment risk was assessed for each guava-producing municipality in the country. SDMs were developed using 221 geographical records in conjunction with nine scenopoetic variables. The model for current climate conditions indicated an extensive suitable area for the establishment of A. striata in the Andean region, smaller areas in the Caribbean and Pacific, and almost no areas in the Orinoquia and Amazonian regions. A brief discussion regarding the area's suitability for the fly is offered. According to the results, altitude is one of the main factors that direct the distribution of A. striata in the tropics. The Colombian guava-producing municipalities were classified according to the degree of vulnerability to fly establishment as follows: 42 were high risk, 16 were intermediate risk, and 17 were low risk. The implementation of future integrated management plans must include optimal spatial data and must consider environmental aspects, such as those suggested by the models presented here. Control decisions should aim to mitigate the positive relationship between global warming and the increase in the dispersal area of the fruit fly.

scholarly journals Changes in the potential distribution of the guava fruit fly Anastrepha striata (Diptera, Tephritidae) during the current and possible future climate scenarios in Colombia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Amat ◽  
Mariano Altamiranda-Saavedra ◽  
Nelson A Canal ◽  
Luz M Gómez-Piñerez
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Guava Fruit ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Suitable Area

AbstractClimate change has affected the geographical distributions of most species worldwide; in particular, insects of economic importance inhabiting tropical regions have been impacted. Current and future predictions of change in geographic distribution are frequently included in species distribution models (SDMs). The potential spatial distributions of the fruit fly Anastrepha striata Schiner (the main species of agricultural importance in guava crops) under current and possible future scenarios in Colombia were modeled, and the establishment risk was assessed for each guava-producing municipality in the country. The SDMs were developed using 221 geographical records in conjunctuin with nine scenopoetic variables. The model for current climate conditions indicated an extensive suitable area for the establishment of A. striata in the Andean region, smaller areas in the Caribbean and Pacific, and almost no areas in the Orinoquia and Amazonian regions. A brief discussion regarding the area suitability for the fly is offered. The expansion of the suitable area was observed in all future scenarios; moreover, this effect was more pronounced in the Amazonian region. The Colombian guava-producing municipalities were classified according to the degree of vulnerability to the fly establishment as follows: 42 were high-risk, 16 were intermediate-risk, and 17 were low-risk. The implementation of future integrated management plans must include optimal spatial data and must consider environmental aspects, such as those suggested by the models presented here. Control decisions should aim to mitigate the positive relationship between global warming and the increase in the dispersal area of the fruit fly.

scholarly journals Climate change and the potential distribution of Xylella fastidiosa in Europe

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Godefroid ◽  
Astrid Cruaud ◽  
Jean-Claude Streito ◽  
Jean-Yves Rasplus ◽  
Jean-Pierre Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Potential Distribution ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Climate Conditions

AbstractThe bacterium Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) is a plant endophyte native to the Americas that causes worldwide concern. Xf has been recently detected in several regions outside its natural range including Europe. In that context, accurate estimates of its response to climate change are required to design cost-efficient and environment-friendly control strategies. In the present study, we collected data documenting the native and invaded ranges of the three main subspecies of Xf: fastidiosa, pauca and multiplex, as well as two strains of Xf subsp. multiplex recently detected in southern France (ST6 and ST7). We fitted bioclimatic species distribution models (SDMs) to forecast their potential geographic range and impact in Europe under current and future climate conditions. According to model predictions, the geographical range of Xf as presently reported in Europe is small compared to the large extent of suitable areas. The European regions most threatened by Xf encompass the Mediterranean coastal areas of Spain, Greece, Italy and France, the Atlantic coastal areas of France, Portugal and Spain as well as the south-western regions of Spain and lowlands in southern Italy. Potential distribution of the different subspecies / strains are contrasted but all are predicted to increase by 2050, which could threaten several of the most economically important wine-, olive- and fruit-producing regions of Europe, warranting the design of control strategies. Bioclimatic models also predict that the subspecies multiplex might represent a threat to most of Europe under current and future climate conditions. These results may serve as a basis for future design of a spatially informed European-scale integrated management strategy, including early detection surveys in plants and insect vectors, quarantine measures as well as agricultural practices.

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Fruit Coating with Gum – Arabic for Quality and Fruit Fly Control

1970 ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Esameldin B. M. Kabbashi, Ghada H. Abdelrahman and Nawal A. Abdlerahman
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Guava Fruit ◽  
Fruit Shelf Life ◽  
Fly Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Subtropical Fruit

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a lovely tropical and subtropical fruit that originates in Mexico, Central America, and then taken to other distant and near parts around the world. In Sudan this popular fruit is produced in orchards and household and is so profitable but yet attacked by a lot of fruit fly species of the Genera Ceratitis and Bactrocera and the result is a loss of more than 70%. This research aimed at evaluating the effect of Gum Arabic coating (GAC) in extending the shelf life of guava fruit and disinfesting it from these notorious pests. Guava fruits from Kadaro orchards, Khartoum North, were tested using seven concentrations of Gum Arabic solutions. The results reflect that 1: 4 (25%) and 1: 8 (12.5%) (GA: water) concentrations attained 56 and 40% disinfestation, respectively whereas the other lower concentrations effected corresponding results in a range from 20 – 08%. The reduction in maggots per test fruit reached upto 188% as compared to the control.  The highest concentrations (1: 4 & 1: 8) effected a sustainability of 52% in fruit firmness (FF) with an average of medium (3) FF compared to soft FF (4) in the control. The corresponding results in other lower concentrations (1: 16; 1: 32; 1: 64; 1: 72 & 1: 96) were 36, 24, 24, 20 and 16%, respectively. In addition to an average FF of 4 (soft) for all these concentrations and 5 (very soft) for all the corresponding controls. Nevertheless, the sustainability of fruit color (FC) effected by the test concentrations was 52, 44, 24, 22, 24, 20, and 24%, respectively. Regarding these results, the two highest test concentrations effected a sizeable disinfestation and control of fruit flies and a good extension of shelf life of guava in Khartoum State. These findings support using this treatment as an effective IPM tool to extend guava fruit shelf life and upgrading its postharvest quality.

Effectiveness of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Against Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) Pupae and Nematode Compatibility with Chemical Insecticides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maguintontz Cedney Jean-Baptiste ◽  
Andressa Lima de Brida ◽  
Daniel Bernardi ◽  
Sérgio da Costa Dias ◽  
Juliano de Bastos Pazini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Mediterranean Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Pupal Mortality

Abstract The Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is among the main pests of fruit crops worldwide. Biological control using entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) may be an alternative to suppress populations of this pest. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the pathogenicity and virulence of six EPN isolates (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HB, H. amazonensis IBCB-n24, Steinernema carpocapsae IBCB-n02, S. rarum PAM-25, S. glaseri IBCB-n47, and S. brazilense IBCB-n06) against C. capitata pupae. The compatibility of EPNs with different chemical insecticides that are registered for management of C. capitata was also assessed. Isolates of H. bacteriophora HB and S. brazilense IBCB-n06 at a concentration of 1,000 infective juveniles (IJ)/ml proved to be most pathogenic to C. capitata (70 and 80% mortality, respectively). In contrast, the isolates H. amazonensis IBCB-n24, Steinernema carpocapsae IBCB-n02, S. rarum PAM-25, S. glaseri IBCB-n47 provided pupal mortality of less than 60%. Bioassays to determine lethal concentrations indicated that concentrations of 600 IJ/ml (H. bacteriophora HB) and 1,000 IJ/ml (S. brazilense IBCB-n06) showed the highest virulence against C. capitata pupae. In contrast, the highest numbers of IJs emerged at concentrations of 1,200 and 200 IJ/ml. In compatibility bioassays, malathion, spinetoram, phosmet, acetamiprid, and novaluron were considered compatible with and harmless (Class 1) to H. bacteriophora HB and S. brazilense IBCB-n06, according to IOBC/WPRS. This information is important for implementing integrated management programs for C. capitata, using biological control with EPNs, whether alone or in combination with chemical insecticides.

scholarly journals AI-Driven Framework for Recognition of Guava Plant Diseases through Machine Learning from DSLR Camera Sensor Based High Resolution Imagery

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3830
Author(s):  
Ahmad Almadhor ◽  
Hafiz Tayyab Rauf ◽  
Muhammad Ikram Ullah Lali ◽  
Robertas Damaševičius ◽  
Bader Alouffi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Production Loss ◽  
Postharvest Diseases ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Guava Fruit ◽  
Tree Classifier

Plant diseases can cause a considerable reduction in the quality and number of agricultural products. Guava, well known to be the tropics’ apple, is one significant fruit cultivated in tropical regions. It is attacked by 177 pathogens, including 167 fungal and others such as bacterial, algal, and nematodes. In addition, postharvest diseases may cause crucial production loss. Due to minor variations in various guava disease symptoms, an expert opinion is required for disease analysis. Improper diagnosis may cause economic losses to farmers’ improper use of pesticides. Automatic detection of diseases in plants once they emerge on the plants’ leaves and fruit is required to maintain high crop fields. In this paper, an artificial intelligence (AI) driven framework is presented to detect and classify the most common guava plant diseases. The proposed framework employs the ΔE color difference image segmentation to segregate the areas infected by the disease. Furthermore, color (RGB, HSV) histogram and textural (LBP) features are applied to extract rich, informative feature vectors. The combination of color and textural features are used to identify and attain similar outcomes compared to individual channels, while disease recognition is performed by employing advanced machine-learning classifiers (Fine KNN, Complex Tree, Boosted Tree, Bagged Tree, Cubic SVM). The proposed framework is evaluated on a high-resolution (18 MP) image dataset of guava leaves and fruit. The best recognition results were obtained by Bagged Tree classifier on a set of RGB, HSV, and LBP features (99% accuracy in recognizing four guava fruit diseases (Canker, Mummification, Dot, and Rust) against healthy fruit). The proposed framework may help the farmers to avoid possible production loss by taking early precautions.

scholarly journals Dipole patterns in tropical precipitation were pervasive across landmasses throughout Marine Isotope Stage 5

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina Nilsson-Kerr ◽  
Pallavi Anand ◽  
Philip B. Holden ◽  
Steven C. Clemens ◽  
Melanie J. Leng
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Marine Isotope Stage ◽  
Convergence Zone ◽  
Inter Tropical Convergence Zone ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Tropical Precipitation ◽  
Rainfall Patterns ◽  
Marine Isotope Stage 5 ◽  
Climate Cooling ◽  
The Tropics

AbstractMost of Earth’s rain falls in the tropics, often in highly seasonal monsoon rains, which are thought to be coupled to the inter-hemispheric migrations of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone in response to the seasonal cycle of insolation. Yet characterization of tropical rainfall behaviour in the geologic past is poor. Here we combine new and existing hydroclimate records from six large-scale tropical regions with fully independent model-based rainfall reconstructions across the last interval of sustained warmth and ensuing climate cooling between 130 to 70 thousand years ago (Marine Isotope Stage 5). Our data-model approach reveals large-scale heterogeneous rainfall patterns in response to changes in climate. We note pervasive dipole-like tropical precipitation patterns, as well as different loci of precipitation throughout Marine Isotope Stage 5 than recorded in the Holocene. These rainfall patterns cannot be solely attributed to meridional shifts in the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone.

scholarly journals Projections for Mexico’s Tropical Rainforests Considering Ecological Niche and Climate Change

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Antonio Fidel Santos-Hernández ◽  
Alejandro Ismael Monterroso-Rivas ◽  
Diódoro Granados-Sánchez ◽  
Antonio Villanueva-Morales ◽  
Malinali Santacruz-Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Potential Distribution ◽  
Tropical Rainforest ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Ecological Importance

The tropical rainforest is one of the lushest and most important plant communities in Mexico’s tropical regions, yet its potential distribution has not been studied in current and future climate conditions. The aim of this paper was to propose priority areas for conservation based on ecological niche and species distribution modeling of 22 species with the greatest ecological importance at the climax stage. Geographic records were correlated with bioclimatic temperature and precipitation variables using Maxent and Kuenm software for each species. The best Maxent models were chosen based on statistical significance, complexity and predictive power, and current potential distributions were obtained from these models. Future potential distributions were projected with two climate change scenarios: HADGEM2_ES and GFDL_CM3 models and RCP 8.5 W/m2 by 2075–2099. All potential distributions for each scenario were then assembled for further analysis. We found that 14 tropical rainforest species have the potential for distribution in 97.4% of the landscape currently occupied by climax vegetation (0.6% of the country). Both climate change scenarios showed a 3.5% reduction in their potential distribution and possible displacement to higher elevation regions. Areas are proposed for tropical rainforest conservation where suitable bioclimatic conditions are expected to prevail.

scholarly journals Evaluating the role of contracting and expanding rainforest in initiating cycles of speciation across the Isthmus of Panama

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1742) ◽  
pp. 3520-3526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Tilston Smith ◽  
Amei Amei ◽  
John Klicka
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Isthmus Of Panama ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
The Impact

Climatic and geological changes across time are presumed to have shaped the rich biodiversity of tropical regions. However, the impact climatic drying and subsequent tropical rainforest contraction had on speciation has been controversial because of inconsistent palaeoecological and genetic data. Despite the strong interest in examining the role of climatic change on speciation in the Neotropics there has been few comparative studies, particularly, those that include non-rainforest taxa. We used bird species that inhabit humid or dry habitats that dispersed across the Panamanian Isthmus to characterize temporal and spatial patterns of speciation across this barrier. Here, we show that these two assemblages of birds exhibit temporally different speciation time patterns that supports multiple cycles of speciation. Evidence for these cycles is further corroborated by the finding that both assemblages consist of ‘young’ and ‘old’ species, despite dry habitat species pairs being geographically more distant than pairs of humid habitat species. The matrix of humid and dry habitats in the tropics not only allows for the maintenance of high species richness, but additionally this study suggests that these environments may have promoted speciation. We conclude that differentially expanding and contracting distributions of dry and humid habitats was probably an important contributor to speciation in the tropics.

scholarly journals Impact of dams and irrigation schemes in Anopheline (Diptera: Culicidae) bionomics and malaria epidemiology

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Sanchez-Ribas ◽  
Gabriel Parra-Henao ◽  
Anthony Érico Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Irrigation Scheme ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Malaria Epidemiology ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
And Control ◽  
Anopheline Mosquitoes

Irrigation schemes and dams have posed a great concern on public health systems of several countries, mainly in the tropics. The focus of the present review is to elucidate the different ways how these human interventions may have an effect on population dynamics of anopheline mosquitoes and hence, how local malaria transmission patterns may be changed. We discuss different studies within the three main tropical and sub-tropical regions (namely Africa, Asia and the Pacific and the Americas). Factors such as pre-human impact malaria epidemiological patterns, control measures, demographic movements, human behaviour and local Anopheles bionomics would determine if the implementation of an irrigation scheme or a dam will have negative effects on human health. Some examples of successful implementation of control measures in such settings are presented. The use of Geographic Information System as a powerful tool to assist on the study and control of malaria in these scenarios is also highlighted.

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