Low temperature triggers physiological and behavioral shifts in adult oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Fang Wang ◽  
Weixiang Lv
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
Energy Allocation ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Mythimna Separata ◽  
Energy Investment ◽  
Trade Offs

Abstract Migratory insects display diverse behavioral strategies in response to external environmental shifts, via energy allocation of migration-reproduction trade-offs. However, how migratory insects distribute energy between migration and reproduction as an adaptive strategy to confront temporary low temperatures remains unclear. Here, we used Mythimna separata, a migratory cereal crop pest, to explore the effects of low temperature on reproductive performance, behavior, and energy allocation. We found that the influence of low temperatures on reproduction was not absolutely negative, but instead depended on the intensity, duration, and age of exposure to low temperature. Exposure to 6°C for 24 h significantly accelerated the onset of oviposition and ovarian development, and increased the synchrony of egg-laying and lifetime fecundity in 1-day-old adults compared to the control, while female's flight capacity decreased significantly on the first and second day after moths were exposed to 6°C. Furthermore, the abdominal and total triglycerides levels of females decreased significantly from exposure to low temperature, but their thoracic triglyceride content was significantly higher than the control on the third and fourth day. These results indicated that low temperatures induced M. separata to reduce energy investment for the development of flight system. This resulted in the shifting of moths from being migrants to residents during the environmental sensitive period (first day post-emergence). This expands our understanding of the adaptive strategy employed by migratory insects to deal with low temperatures and aids in the management of this pest species in China.

scholarly journals The energy allocation trade-offs underlying life history traits in hypometabolic strepsirhines and other primates

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Simmen ◽  
Luca Morino ◽  
Stéphane Blanc ◽  
Cécile Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Energy Allocation ◽  
Interbirth Interval ◽  
Energy Investment ◽  
Litter Mass ◽  
Trade Offs

AbstractLife history, brain size and energy expenditure scale with body mass in mammals but there is little conclusive evidence for a correlated evolution between life history and energy expenditure (either basal/resting or daily) independent of body mass. We addressed this question by examining the relationship between primate free-living daily energy expenditure (DEE) measured by doubly labeled water method (n = 18 species), life history variables (maximum lifespan, gestation and lactation duration, interbirth interval, litter mass, age at first reproduction), resting metabolic rate (RMR) and brain size. We also analyzed whether the hypometabolic primates of Madagascar (lemurs) make distinct energy allocation tradeoffs compared to other primates (monkeys and apes) with different life history traits and ecological constraints. None of the life-history traits correlated with DEE after controlling for body mass and phylogeny. In contrast, a regression model showed that DEE increased with increasing RMR and decreasing reproductive output (i.e., litter mass/interbirth interval) independent of body mass. Despite their low RMR and smaller brains, lemurs had an average DEE remarkably similar to that of haplorhines. The data suggest that lemurs have evolved energy strategies that maximize energy investment to survive in the unusually harsh and unpredictable environments of Madagascar at the expense of reproduction.

scholarly journals Dosed Exposure to Low Temperature as a Breeding Background in The Selection of Gene Pool Breeds of Chickens for Viral Vaccines Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 345-351
Author(s):  
Olga I. Stanishevskaya ◽  
Elena S. Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Commercial Line ◽  
Viral Vaccines

Background: One of the ways to utilize the potential of local breeds is to use them as producers of raw materials for the bio-industry (production of vaccines and diagnostics for animals and humans). Methods: Breeding of Russian White (PRWC) laying hens in 5 generations was carried out with the aim of increasing the output of allantois-amniotic fluid of embryos with a selective background (cooling of hatching eggs during the sensitive period of embryogenesis). In F5, the thermoregulation capabilities of 7-day-old PRWC chickens were studied in comparison with Amrox chickens under the influence of a daily stress factor (cooling at +10oC for 30 minutes) and raising at +22oC. The level of allantois-amniotic fluid output and biological activity of the Newcastle disease virus in F5 PRWC embryos in comparison with F0 and commercial line embryos was evaluated. Results: Day-old PRWC chicks responded to exposure to low sublethal temperature with muscle shivering, but, unlike Amrox chickens, they were active and retained the reflex of searching for food. PRWC chickens raised at low temperatures up to 7 days of age maintained the same growth rate as chickens raised at a common regime but used less residual yolk, which practically did not decrease the body temperature, and change the level of thyrotrophic hormone in response to the dosed exposure at low temperatures at 7 days of age. The content of doses of the Newcastle disease virus (EID50) in the extraembryonic fluid of F5-embryos of PRWC was 32.3 times higher than that of commercial line ones. Conclusion: PRWC chicks in the early neonatal period are more reactive at low temperature and have better thermoregulation mechanisms. PRWC embryos can be recommended for use in the production of various viral vaccines as well as diagnosticums.

In situ Tensile Experiments at Low Temperatures on Niobium Single Crystals by H.V.E.M.

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 58-59
Author(s):  
F. H. Louchet ◽  
L. P. Kubin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Slip System ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Tensile Axis ◽  
Image Intensifier ◽  
Screw Dislocations ◽  
Source Operation

Experiments have been carried out on the 3 MeV electron microscope in Toulouse. The low temperature straining holder has been previously described Images given by an image intensifier are recorded on magnetic tape.The microtensile niobium samples are cut in a plane with the two operative slip directions [111] and lying in the foil plane. The tensile axis is near [011].Our results concern:- The transition temperature of niobium near 220 K: at this temperature and below an increasing difference appears between the mobilities of the screw and edge portions of dislocations loops. Source operation and interactions between screw dislocations of different slip system have been recorded.

INVAR M93

Alloy Digest ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Bend Strength ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Ni Content ◽  
Precision Alloys ◽  
Ni Alloy

Abstract Invar is an Fe-Ni alloy with 36% Ni content that exhibits the lowest expansion of known metals from very low temperatures up to approximately 230 deg C (445 deg F). Invar M93 is a cryogenic Invar with improved weldability. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear and bend strength as well as fracture toughness and fatigue. It also includes information on low temperature performance as well as forming and joining. Filing Code: FE-143. Producer or source: Metalimphy Precision Alloys.

FEC-LiTFSI-Pyr1ATFSI Ionic Liquid Electrolyte to Improve Low Temperature Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries

2014 ◽  
Vol 986-987 ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
Xiao Xue Zhang ◽  
Zhen Feng Wang ◽  
Cui Hua Li ◽  
Jian Hong Liu ◽  
Qian Ling Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
Capacity Retention ◽  
Composite Electrolyte ◽  
Ionic Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
Fluoroethylene Carbonate

N-methyl-N-allylpyrrolidinium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (PYR1ATFSI) with substantial supercooling behavior is synthesized to develop low temperature electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries. Additive fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) in LiTFSI/PYR1ATFSI/EC/PC/EMC is found that it can reduce the freezing point. LiFePO4/Li coin cells with the FEC-PYR1ATFSI electrolyte exhibit good capacity retention, reversible cycling behavior at low temperatures. The good performance can be attributed to the decrease in the freezing point and the polarization of the composite electrolyte.

Anthracene fluorescence at low temperatures. I. Purified single crystals

1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
LE Lyons ◽  
LJ Warren
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrum ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Free Exciton ◽  
Deformation Bands ◽  
Exciton Emission ◽  
Polarized Emission ◽  
Impurity Bands ◽  
Phonon Structure

The low-temperature fluorescence spectrum of purified vapour-grown anthracene single crystals is presented and the free-exciton emission distinguished from a number of defect or impurity bands present even in the purest crystals. In assigning the observed bands the symmetry of the active vibrations and the origin of background fluorescence and deformation bands are discussed. The phonon structure in the region of the fluorescence origin was found to be almost completely b-polarized. Emission of electronic origin (25103 cm-1) was too weak to be observed. Polarization ratios of the principal vibronio bands at 5.6 K are given.

Desiccation and low temperature attenuate the effect of UVC254 nm in the photobiont of the astrobiologically relevant lichens Circinaria gyrosa and Buellia frigida

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Backhaus ◽  
R. de la Torre ◽  
K. Lyhme ◽  
J.-P. de Vera ◽  
J. Meeßen
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Real Space ◽  
Fast Recovery ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Subzero Temperatures ◽  
High Viability ◽  
Buellia Frigida ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractSeveral investigations on lichen photobionts (PBs) after exposure to simulated or real-space parameters consistently reported high viability and recovery of photosynthetic activity. These studies focused on PBs within lichen thalli, mostly exposed in a metabolically inactive state. In contrast, a recent study exposed isolated and metabolically active PBs to the non-terrestrial stressor UVC254 nm and found strong impairment of photosynthetic activity and photo-protective mechanisms (Meeßen et al. in 2014b). Under space and Mars conditions, UVC is accompanied by other stressors as extreme desiccation and low temperatures. The present study exposed the PBs of Buellia frigida and Circinaria gyrosa, to UVC in combination with desiccation and subzero temperatures to gain better insight into the combined stressors' effect and the PBs' inherent potential of resistance. These effects were examined by chlorophyll a fluorescence which is a good indicator of photosynthetic activity (Lüttge & Büdel in 2010) and widely used to test the viability of PBs after (simulated) space exposure. The present results reveal fast recovery of photosynthetic activity after desiccation and subzero temperatures. Moreover, they demonstrate that desiccation and cold confer an additional protective effect on the investigated PBs and attenuate the PBs' reaction to another stressor – even if it is a non-terrestrial one such as UVC. Besides other protective mechanisms (anhydrobiosis, morphological–anatomical traits and secondary lichen compounds), these findings may help to explain the high resistance of lichens observed in astrobiological studies.

LOW-TEMPERATURE NORMAL-STATE HALL EFFECT IN HIGH-TcBi2Sr2-xLaxCuO6+δ REVEALED BY 60 T MAGNETIC FIELDS

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (20n22) ◽  
pp. 3171-3174
Author(s):  
F. F. BALAKIREV ◽  
J. B. BETTS ◽  
G. S. BOEBINGER ◽  
S. ONO ◽  
Y. ANDO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Carrier Concentration ◽  
Hall Coefficient ◽  
Normal State ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Optimal Doping ◽  
Underdoped Sample ◽  
Additional Support

We report low-temperature Hall coefficient in the normal state of the high-Tc superconductor Bi 2 Sr 2-x La x CuO 6+δ. The Hall coefficient was measured down to 0.5 K by suppressing superconductivity with a 60 T pulsed magnetic field. The carrier concentration was varied from overdoped to underdoped regimes by partially substituting Sr with La in a set of five samples. The observed saturation of the Hall coefficient at low temperatures suggests the ability to extract the carrier concentration of each sample. The most underdoped sample exhibits a diverging Hall coefficient at low temperatures, consistent with a depletion of carriers in the insulating ground state. The Hall number exhibits a sharp peak providing additional support for the existence of a phase boundary at the optimal doping.

Changes in ACC and conjugated ACC levels following controlled atmosphere storage of nectarine

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Uthairatanakij ◽  
P. Penchaiya ◽  
B. McGlasson ◽  
P. Holford
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere Storage ◽  
Gaseous Composition ◽  
Storage Atmosphere ◽  
Atmosphere Storage

Low temperature disorders of nectarines are thought to be expressions of chilling injury. Chilling injury is a form of stress usually associated with increased synthesis of ethylene and its immediate precursor, aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). However, other mechanisms for the development of chilling injury have been proposed. To help determine the nature of the processes leading to chilling injury in nectarines (Prunus persica) and how the gaseous composition of the storage atmosphere effects the development of low temperature disorders, levels of ACC and conjugated ACC were measured in fruit of the cv. Arctic Snow. These compounds were measured in fruit ripened at 20°C immediately after harvest, in fruit on removal from cold storage and in fruit ripened at 20°C following cold storage. During storage, fruit were kept at 0°C in the 4 following atmospheres: air; air + 15% CO2; air + 15 µL/L ethylene; and air + 15% CO2 + 15 µL/L ethylene. Concentrations of ACC remained low in all treatments and no significant changes in ACC levels due to added ethylene or CO2 were observed. Concentrations of conjugated ACC were about 10-times that of ACC and again were not influenced by the composition of the storage atmosphere. No significant changes in either ACC or conjugated ACC were observed until after flesh bleeding, the major symptoms of low temperature disorder expressed in these fruit, had begun to appear. It was concluded that disorders in nectarines stored at low temperatures are not a stress response involving a disruption of ethylene metabolism but may be associated with differential changes in the metabolism of enzymes associated with normal ripening.

scholarly journals The behaviour of visual purple at low temperature

1941 ◽  
Vol 179 (977) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Absorption Curve ◽  
Quantum Yields

Visual purple is soluble and stable in a mixture of glycerol and water (3:1). At room temperature the spectrum of such a solution is identical with that of the aqueous solution. At — 73° C the peak of the absorption curve is higher and narrower than at room temperature, and it is shifted towards longer waves. The product of photodecomposition at — 73° C has a spectrum in ­ dependent of pH and is at low temperatures thermostable and photostable, but at room temperature it decomposes therm ally to indicator yellow. The primary product appears to be identical with transient orange. The quantum yields of the photoreaction at low and at room temperature are of the same order.

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