The span of life

1982 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Past ◽  
Human Lifespan ◽  
Mortality Projection ◽  
Biological Evidence ◽  
Medical Advances ◽  
The Way

1. This paper originated with a sense of irritation at the way in which the graduation of age rates of mortality has become more and more complicated by the apparent determination to assume some underlying law of mortality, a law which could not possibly be deduced from observations in the past or present man-made conditions of dangerous living. It then developed into a consideration of graduation from a less frequently adopted point of view, i.e. a look at the distribution of lengths of life (the so-called curve of deaths). This led inevitably to a review of the long-pursued controversy as to whether or not there is a predetermined biological maximum to the human lifespan under ideal conditions and beyond that to a review of the biological evidence for this maximum and the possibility of extension by environmental or medical intervention. Finally, this led to the likely results of such environmental and medical advances and to some experiments in mortality projection.

scholarly journals “In Harmony with Reason”: John Duns Scotus’s Theo-aesth/ethics

Open Theology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Bychkov
Keyword(s):  
Natural Law ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Divine Command ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
God's Will ◽  
Accurate Model ◽  
The Past ◽  
Freedom Of The Will ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Way

AbstractOver the past two decades, the debate has intensified over the nature of John Duns Scotus’s (meta) ethics: is it a purely voluntarist “divine command” ethics or is it still based on rational principles? The former side is exemplified by Thomas Williams and the latter by Allan Wolter. Scotus claims that even the divine commandments that are not based on natural law are still somehow “in harmony with reason.” But what does this mean? Richard Cross in a recent study claims that God’s reasons for establishing certain moral norms are “aesthetic.” However, he fails to show clearly what is “aesthetic” about these reasons or why God’s will would follow “aesthetic” principles in legislating moral norms. This article clarifies both points, first, by painting an up-to-date picture of what constitutes “aesthetic” principles, and second, by providing a more accurate model of the way the human volitional faculty operates and addressing the problem of the “freedom of the will” from a present-day point of view.

The Danaid Tetralogy of Aeschylus

1957 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Diamantopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Criticism ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
The Past ◽  
Literary Source ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Spectator ◽  
The Way

The humour of the passage in the Frogs (1419 ff.), in which the tragic poets reply with riddles on burning political issues, is explicable: research on the Eumenides shows that in this play Aeschylus projected political notions in much the way that he is presented by Aristophanes speaking in the Frogs: concentrating the attention of the spectator on the past of the Areopagus and on the circumstance of its foundation, he touches directly on the question which arose in 462–1 through the abolition of the political competence of this body, but he replies to it through a parable which is enigmatic for us. It is obviously such an expression as this that Aristophanes had in mind. It rests with philological and historical criticism to show whether in surviving tragedies other than Eumenides themes of an immediate public interest are put forward under the cover of myth, themes which, through ignorance of the date or of the exact conditions of the composition of the plays, have so far not been revealed. This essay examines from this point of view the Danaid tetralogy of Aeschylus.The subject of the Danaid tetralogy is taken from the story of Danaos and his daughters. For this, Aeschylus could draw on both a literary source, the Danais, and probably also on Argive traditions.Very little is known about the Danais. It did, however, include an account of the events which took place in Egypt between the houses of Danaos and Aigyptos, and it is likely, therefore, that it traced the course of this quarrel from the beginning.

scholarly journals Skrifbeskouing en Skrifhantering: Marcus Borg en die Hervormde Kerk – ʼn Vergelykende studie

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Van Eck
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Past ◽  
Reformed Church ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Status ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Way

Marcus Borg, one of the most prominent New Testament scholars in the past four decades, is considered by many in the Netherdutch Reformed Church of Africa as a liberal scholar. His understanding of the origin of the Bible, the way he interprets the Bible, and what he sees as the status and function of the Bible, should therefore be dismissed. A comparison of Borg’s point of view on these topics with that of the points of view of the Netherdutch Reformed Church of Africa, however, indicates that Borg’s understanding of these matters differs not even marginally from that of the Netherdutch Reformed Church of Africa. In a certain sense, Borg could therefore be described as a theologian who fits the mould of what is understood in the Netherdutch Reformed Church of Africa as a responsible approach to and interpretation of the Bible.

scholarly journals Categorization of Memes

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Ambrus
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Online Environment ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Richard Dawkins ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cognitive Linguistic ◽  
The Way

Nowadays a huge amount of communication is performed in an online environment. This tendency facilitated the realization of certain digital elements specific to online interfaces. Generally speaking, it can be stated that a new genre appeared in the past few years – the memes, which are a combination of pictorial and textual elements, created and shared online. Richard Dawkins and Susan Blackmore, who provided the traditional meme definition, argue that a meme is what travels from brain to brain. Digital meme has a narrower interpretation, since it focuses on the textual-pictorial elements. According to the Cognitive Linguistic point of view, the conceptual metaphors, metonymies and blends are used in our everyday conceptualization processes (based on Lakoff and Johnson’s Metaphors We Live By, 1980 and Fauconnier–Turner’s The Way We Think, 2002). So it can be assumed that these digital elements also operate exploiting cognitive devices like metaphors and blends. Yet many questions arise: how can memes be categorized? Can a prototypical meme be identified? How do cognitive processes take place in the conceptualization? What is the source of humor? Based on the analysis performed, it can be concluded that there are prototypical memes, but different aspects have to be taken into account; and that the complexity of cognitive processes a meme operates with is strongly related to the viability of the topic that a particular meme is related to.

scholarly journals The time when the Mansi people kept the fire in a nāy sānyt ‘a box of fire’ (based on handwritten materials by P. E. Sheshkin)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-562
Author(s):  
S. A. Popova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Historical Information ◽  
Ancient Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ethnic History ◽  
The Way

Introduction: the article is devoted to the study of religious ideas and events of one of the periods of the Mansi people’s life, which is designated by Sheshkin as nāy sānyt jis ‘the ancient time of fire [stored] in a box’. The article presents information about the family and public fire storage, construction of the box, the use of fire in different situations, its keepers. Ideas about fire are considered from the point of view of its personification (Fire-Mother, Fire-Woman); embodiment (it is alive, can talk, visit, revenge); mythologization (deity, special spirit of fire voytyl); object of veneration (holy mothers, dedication, sanctuaries). Folklore plots reflecting the ideas about «living» fire are revealed. Objective: to reconstruct the events and ideas of the northern Mansi group about fire in the era nāy sānyt jis. Research materials: handwritten texts of P. E. Sheshkin, published materials of the XIX–XXI centuries. Results and novelty of the research: the analysis reveals historical information on the way of life and organization of the Mansi during the period «the time when the Mansi kept fire in the nāy sānyt ‘box of fire’». The features of storing and using of family and collective fire are analyzed. The awareness of fire as a value is transmitted in the ideas of its supernatural essence, in the veneration of the Fire-Mother. The past fire, lost by people, is perceived as a super-fire (more powerful in brightness and heat, it lives together with a man and takes care of him). The attitude to fire as a shrine is reflected in the prohibitions, the dedication of it to animals (cat, frog), the construction of temples (sanctuaries). The novelty lies in the introduction into scientific circulation of the traditional ideas of the Mansi about the early stage of their ethnic history

scholarly journals Caesura of History: Performing Greek Tragedy after Brecht

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Matthias Dreyer
Keyword(s):  
Greek Tragedy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
A Site ◽  
Established Order ◽  
The Way

Taking into account the intertwining of the theory of tragedy on the one hand and theatrical work on ancient tragic texts on the other, the paper explores the way in which tragedy poses the question of history. This is especially the case in conceptions of tragedy as an interruption in a continuum. Hölderlin’s idea of caesura, its reflection in Benjamin’s understanding of tragedy as a revision of myth are in the center of a critical dramaturgy of this kind. By analysing Brecht’s work on Antigone as well as the stagings of critical theatre makers that came after Brecht (Einar Schleef, Dimiter Gotscheff), the paper shows the consequences of the concept ‘tragedy as caesura‘ on the level of the aesthetics of the theatre, unclosing in a radical way the temporality of the tragic process. From this point of view, tragedy is understood as a site of encounter with the persisting powers of the past; as reflexive rupture in the transition between times, that undermines the established order, but without, however, arriving at a new one. Although in the history of theatre and thought tragedy has been too often associated with the universal and timeless, how is it possible to think of historicity in a way negating submission under the universal without losing the genre of tragedy itself?

Hearing Words Written

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-241
Author(s):  
Yannis Kyriakides
Keyword(s):  
Focal Point ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Narrative Voice ◽  
The Past ◽  
Inner Voice ◽  
Multimedia Art ◽  
The Voice ◽  
As If ◽  
The Way

Over the past few years, I have developed a form of composition – which I callmusic–text–film –in which I explore the dynamics between sound, words and visuals. In this article I will attempt to explain how meaning is constructed in the interplay between these layers of media. Taking as an example three of my works,Subliminal: The Lucretian Picnic,Dreams of the BlindandThe Arrest, I analyse and discuss aspects of narrative, point of view, metaphor and cross-modal perception, as a way of understanding how multimedia art, specifically in the audiovisual domain, is experienced. One of the issues that arose out of these pieces was the question of location of the ‘voice’. It is as if a state of limbo is created between the narrative voice of the text and the implied voice of the music, due to the absence of a conventional focal point to pin it on – an actor or a singer. I would like to suggest that because of this vacancy and the way the projected word takes the place of the sung or spoken voice, the inner voice of the audience becomes activated. This then becomes a vital immersive dimension in the performance, as the inner voice of the audience finds its place within the space of the composition.

Important Issues in Arithmetic

1949 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-199
Author(s):  
Ben A. Sueltz
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Specific Point ◽  
The Past ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
The Way

The issues formulated in this article have arisen frequently in conference with curriculum groups during the past five years. Repeatedly it has been found that tentative agreement upon basic ideas not only saves time but also points the way toward the formulation of major policies. The issues below are presented as questions with no conscious attempt to direct thinking toward any specific point of view or conclusion.

Building on the Past

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Boldizzoni
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
European Economic ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intellectual Crisis ◽  
The Way

This chapter is a manifesto for the reconstruction of economic history and calls for a new pact between history and the social sciences in order to counter the way economists have abused the past. The chapter cites the need for European economic historians to organize themselves with greater awareness and regain the courage to construct the type of historical models of past generations. It claims that economic history is in the midst of an intellectual crisis faced, as evidenced by the growing marginalization of the discipline in the universities. It further argues that economic history has to lift itself out of the difficult situation it is now in by becoming involved with the genuinely “social” sciences and with all those scholars who are interested in an innovative interaction with historians without imposing any particular point of view.

Chelovek.RU/Человек.RU

Chelovek RU ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 18-53
Author(s):  
Sergei Avanesov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Great Distance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Past ◽  
Russian Philosopher ◽  
True Meaning ◽  
The Future ◽  
Pavel Florensky ◽  
The Moment

Abstract. The article analyzes the autobiography of the famous Russian philosopher, theologian and scientist Pavel Florensky, as well as those of his texts that retain traces of memories. According to Florensky, the personal biography is based on family history and continues in children. He addresses his own biography to his children. Memories based on diary entries are designed as a memory diary, that is, as material for future memories. The past becomes actual in autobiography, turns into a kind of present. The past, from the point of view of its realization in the present, gains meaning and significance. The au-thor is active in relation to his own past, transforming it from a collection of disparate facts into a se-quence of events. A person can only see the true meaning of such events from a great distance. Therefore, the philosopher remembers not so much the circumstances of his life as the inner impressions of the en-counter with reality. The most powerful personality-forming experiences are associated with childhood. Even the moment of birth can decisively affect the character of a person and the range of his interests. The foundations of a person's worldview are laid precisely in childhood. Florensky not only writes mem-oirs about himself, but also tries to analyze the problems of time and memory. A person is immersed in time, but he is able to move into the past through memory and into the future through faith. An autobi-ography can never be written to the end because its author lives on. However, reaching the depths of life, he is able to build his path in such a way that at the end of this path he will unite with the fullness of time, with eternity.

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