The Geneva Proposals for an International Trade Charter

1948 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herrbert Feis
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
International Agreement ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Economic Practices ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
History Of ◽  
International Trade Organization

The charter of the International Trade Organization, as drafted at Geneva in the spring of 1947, is a pact expressing the rules of behavior which nations undertake to observe in their economic relations with one; another. Regardless of the subsequent history of this draft, it merits ^ examination as an illustration of the practical difficulties to be surmounted I by those who seek to implement by international agreement even so obj vious a goal as economic cooperation. Not only must idealism and theory I come to grips with the fact that every transaction in international trade ; affects someone's pocketbook, but methods and techniques must be devised to create a semblance of uniformity in a world of vastly different economic practices. Since the Geneva draft seeks to regularize international trade conduct after fifteen years of both autarchic control and war, it bears witness to the fundamentally long-range character of the problem.

Of Fields and Forced Labor

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
Carolyn J. Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Near East ◽  
Ancient Near East ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Biblical Narratives ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Ancient Israel ◽  
Economic Practices ◽  
Economic Control ◽  
History Of

Biblical narratives about ostensibly “local” barter (Abraham’s purchase of the cave at Machpelah), protection of battle spoils (Achan’s theft and subsequent execution), and commodification of labor and bodies (Ruth gleaning for hours and offering herself to Boaz) reveal much about ideologies of economic control operative in ancient Israel. The materialist analysis of Roland Boer provides a richly detailed study of Israelite agrarian and tributary practices, offering a salutary corrective to naïve views of Israelite economic relations. Highlighting labor as the most ruthlessly exploited resource in the ancient Near East, Boer examines the class-specific benefits and sustained violence of economic formations from kinship-household relations to militarized extraction. Boer’s erudite study will compel readers to look afresh at the subjugation of the poor and plundering of the powerless as constitutive features of diverse economic practices throughout the history of ancient Israel.

A Code of Conduct on Restrictive Business Practices: A Third Option

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 198-235
Author(s):  
Samuel Wex
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Norms ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
International Agreement ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Face ◽  
International Trade Organization

Competing Goals in Formulating a Code of Conduct on Restrictive Business PracticesFor the past thirty years efforts to formulate and implement acceptable international norms to regulate restrictive business practices (R.B.P.’s) affecting international trade have largely failed. Yet, none can deny the necessity of such international norms in the face of the inability of national legal systems to cope with an economic order of international dimensions. The abortive International Trade Organization, as part of the Havana Charter of 1948, and the Draft E.C.O.S.O.C. International Agreement of 1953, which were originally initiated by the United States, were eventually rejected by it because “the various national policies, legislation, and enforcement procedures in this field were not sufficiently comparable.”

scholarly journals Economic Cooperation Between The European Union And Japan

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-146
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Drzymała
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Trade Volume ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Bilateral Agreements ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the paper is to show the history of economic relations between the European Union and Japan. This economy is very important to the EU and the countries of the EU are interested in further deepening areas of cooperation. Therefore it seems important to indicate the political will to continue mutual economic relations through the signing of contracts and bilateral agreements, as well as meetings at various levels, including SPA and EPA negotiations and summits. The course of the current economic cooperation will be shown through trade volume and foreign direct investment outflows from the European Union to Japan.

scholarly journals State and prospects of international integration associations development in terms of new challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 10007
Author(s):  
Marina Alekseevna Izmailova ◽  
Mikhail Yakovlevich Veselovsky ◽  
Alla Vladimirovna Nikonorova ◽  
Veronika Vitalievna Yagubyants ◽  
Lenar Albertovich Yunusov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
Political Associations

Research background: The European Union has accumulated significant experience of consolidated economic cooperation over the 28-year history of development. There are the prerequisites for building rational interactions with the Eurasian Economic Union. Significant amount of theoretical and practical data has been accumulated; its analysis allows making conclusions about the intensity of economic cooperation of the European Union with all member states of the Eurasian Economic Union and the prospects for the further development of partnership relations in the future. Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to identify the prospects for the development of integration associations on the example of the European Union and the Eurasian Economic Union in modern conditions characterized by the spread of a new coronavirus infection and the preservation of a complicated geopolitical situation. Methods: The results of the study were obtained using general scientific methods of cognition (induction and deduction, methods of dialectics, analysis and synthesis), analytical research methods (logical and comparative analysis, analysis of economic and statistical indicators), methods of scientific forecasting and expert assessments. Findings & Value added: The article submits the current state of integration economic relations analysis results on the example of the European Union and the Eurasian Economic Union as the largest economic and political associations. The analysis of the state and dynamics of the integration associations development, as well as the conditions of their functioning, makes it possible to define the current trends in the development of integration associations and their determining factors.

“America First” and the Return of Economic Isolationism and Nationalism to the United States: A Historic Turning Point for International Trade Law

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 223-255
Author(s):  
GENEVIÈVE DUFOUR ◽  
DELPHINE DUCASSE
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Trade Law ◽  
International Trade Law ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
History Of

AbstractAmerican trade policy under the Trump administration can be summed up in one expression, “America First,” which the US president himself has repeated many times. Driven by a rejection of multilateralism, the United States has adopted numerous measures designed to maintain or stimulate domestic industry or to tighten economic policies both domestically and towards foreign trading partners. Reflecting isolationist and nationalist economic theories, these measures are the anchor for a return of economic frontiers to the United States. Yet the United States is at the heart of globalization and cannot completely isolate itself without risking an economic meltdown. This is all the more true since it has been the driving force behind the creation of the multilateral trading system since the end of the Second World War. This change of economic vision by one of the world’s greatest powers can only be a turning point in the recent history of international economic relations. As such, one may wonder whether America First and the set of measures adopted in its name also foreshadow a phase of retreat for international trade law or whether, on the contrary, they are an opportunity for reform of an area of the law that has been struggling to evolve for several decades.

scholarly journals US-China Economic Confrontation: Ideology, Chronology, Meaning

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Olegovich Vinogradov ◽  
Alexander Igorevich Salitsky ◽  
Nelli Kimovna Semenova
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Competition ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Trade War

In summer 2018 the United States launched a trade war against China. Before that, there was a chance that both sides would find a compromise, some hopes were still in place during bilaterial negotiations in May. However, new US tariffs on import from China were imposed in July and August with the total of $50 billion. Beijing responded proportionally. September brought another round of US tariffs worth $200 billion. The successful economic growth of China leads to the transformation of the world economic space, where the leading positions are still occupied by the countries of the West. The new US administration, fearing economic competition, announced a policy of containing China. In this case, Washington is going to violate the existing rules of international trade. The tension in the economic relations of the United States and China is growing. The authors look into the history, ideology and details of the conflict between two major powerhouses of the global economy. They try to investigate how both countries will be affected by the emerging trade war, which is also challenging the whole system of international trade regulation. Besides, the conflict between Washington and Beijing is understood as a fundamental shift in the world economy and politics where rising powers take the lead in globalization. For the first time in the history of Sino-American relations economic tensions between the two sides have reached such a scale. Analysis of their consequences far exceeds the standard methods of assessment of trade policy measures.

scholarly journals Economic Cooperation Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan With The Countries Of Central Asia: Formation, Development, And Prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (11) ◽  
pp. 283-294
Author(s):  
Mirzaev Gulom Rizokulovich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Joint Ventures ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
New Era ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
History Of ◽  
Central Asian Countries ◽  
The Republic

The issues, formation, development, and prospects of economic cooperation of the Republic of Uzbekistan with the countries of Central Asia are highlighted in this article. This paper analyses the factors influencing the economic cooperation of Uzbekistan with the countries of Central Asia. The role and importance of trade, exchanging goods, and joint ventures in strengthening economic cooperation between the countries of Central Asia are described gradually. As well as this paper studies the activities of joint Commissions for the development of economic relations and the legal framework of interstate economic cooperation. Such areas economic-trade, joint ventures, and transport Logistics, which determine regional economic growth in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan highlighted with examples. The paper determines that the beginning of a new era in the history of relations between the countries of Central Asia in recent years contributes to the development and strengthening of economic cooperation. Conclusions are drawn on the development of economic cooperation between the Republic of Uzbekistan and Central Asian countries, and several proposals are put forward to strengthen economic cooperation.

THE PROBLEMS TRADE AND ECONOMIC COOPERATION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND JAPAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
M. I. SEREDINA ◽  
◽  
I. L. CHERKASOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Kuril Islands ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Trade Turnover ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Kuril Islands ◽  
Bilateral Cooperation

The article considers the relevance of bilateral cooperation between the two countries, the authors briefly considered the retrospective and modern bilateral trade and economic relations between Russia and Japan. Then they characterize the stages of the history of the Kuril Islands, as well as the peculiarities of the formation of trade turnover with Japan during the twentieth century and at the beginning of the twentieth century. The results of the problems of trade and economic cooperation between the two countries, located in close prox-imity to each other, considered by the authors are summed up.

Ensuring sustainable foreign economic relations of countries at the forefront and outskirts of the European Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1980-1996
Author(s):  
T.S. Malakhova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Structure Model ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Economic Bloc ◽  
The Eu

Subject. Foreign economic and trade ties among countries are getting tighter and less predictable in the early 21st century. This directly stems from a growing disparity of partners, especially if it goes about their future cooperation as part of integration groups or international organizations. Communities of experts suggest using various approaches to locally adjusting integration phases, especially implementing the two-speed integration in the European Union. Objectives. The study is an attempt to examine an improvement of foreign economic cooperation and suggest its implementation steps for the European Union. This all is due to considerable inner controversies and problems within the EU, which grow more serious year by year. Methods. The methodological framework comprises the historical logic, dialectical principles, scientific abstraction method. The process and system approach was especially important for justifying the implementation of the above steps. It was used to examine foreign economic relations of partners in the European Union. Results. The article sets forth the theoretical and methodological framework for the geostrategic economic bloc, including a conceptual structure model. I present steps to implement a foreign economic cooperation of partners in the EU in terms of its form. Conclusions and Relevance. Should the form of the foreign economic relations among the EU countries be implemented, counties at the periphery of the EU will be able to become active parties to the integration group.

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