The efficiency of the nitrogen in cattle slurry acidified with nitric acid for grass production

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. STEVENS ◽  
R. J. LAUGHLIN ◽  
C. J. O'BRIC ◽  
O. T. CARTON ◽  
J. J. LENEHAN
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
N Value ◽  
Grass Production

Field trials were conducted at six sites throughout Ireland in 1992, 1993 and 1994, to assess the efficiency of utilization of N in cattle slurry treated with nitric acid. Slurries were left untreated or were acidified to pH 5·5 with 12 m nitric acid immediately prior to spreading. Slurries were either band-spread or splashplate-spread using an automated tanker system. The efficiency of N (NH+4-N+NO−3-N) in slurry for grass production (Eff-N%) was measured by comparing N offtake values with those from a range of rates of inorganic fertilizer N (ammonium nitrate/calcium carbonate) treatments. Slurry was applied at rates (13–28 m3/ha) which supplied N (NH+4-N+NO−3-N) below the highest inorganic fertilizer treatment. In all experiments, untreated cattle slurry was compared with nitric acid-treated cattle slurry at the same rate of application. The Eff-N% values for unacidified or acidified slurries were highly variable by both spreading methods. The effect of spreading method depended on whether or not the slurry was acidified. On average the Eff-N% value of the band-spread unacidified slurry (59%) was significantly higher than the Eff-N% value of the splashplate-spread slurry (37%). For acidified slurry, the average Eff-N% value of the band-spread slurry (85%) was not significantly different from the Eff-N% value of the splashplate-spread slurry (81%). The overall average Eff-N% value of the acidified slurry was 83% which was significantly less than 100%. Cattle slurry acidified with nitric acid to pH 5·5 was more variable and less efficient than inorganic fertilizer N under the soil and climatic conditions tested.

Effect of separation and acidification of cattle slurry on ammonia volatilization and on the efficiency of slurry nitrogen for herbage production

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Frost ◽  
R. J. Stevens ◽  
R. J. Laughlin
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Overall Efficiency ◽  
Whole Slurry

SUMMARYDuring the growing season of 1988 at the Agricultural Research Institute, Hillsborough, cattle slurry was kept whole or was separated through screens with mesh sizes of 5 mm, 3 mm, 0·25 mm and 0·015 mm. The resulting slurry liquids were either left unacidified or were acidified to pH 5.5 with 5M-H2SO4 prior to application at 75 kg NH+4-N/ha to perennial ryegrass in the field. Volatilization of ammonia was measured using ventilated enclosures. Plots treated with a range of rates of inorganic fertilizer N were used to construct response curves to assess the efficiency of N in slurry for herbage production compared with equinitrogenous inorganic fertilizer.On average over the season, acidification of cattle slurry decreased ammonia volatilization to < 15% of that from unacidified whole slurry. Compared with inorganic fertilizer N, the overall efficiency of NH+4-N was 96% in acidified slurries and 36% in unacidified whole slurry. Ammonia volatilization from separated slurries decreased with decreasing mesh size to 39% of that from whole slurry for a 0·015 mm mesh. The overall efficiency of NH4+-N in slurry separated through a 0·015 mm mesh was 76%. A highly significant linear relationship was found between NH3-N volatilized from all slurry treatments and N offtake in herbage at all three harvests.

Evaluation of separation plus acidification with nitric acid and separation plus dilution to make cattle slurry a balanced, efficient fertilizer for grass and silage

1992 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Stevens ◽  
R. J. Laughlin ◽  
J. P. Frost ◽  
R. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Whole Slurry

SUMMARYCombinations of treatments of cattle slurry, which have previously been shown to have lowered ammonia volatilization by 75% of that from whole slurry, were compared in a field experiment with perennial ryegrass at the Agricultural Research Institute, Hillsborough in 1990. Whole slurry and slurries obtained by separation through screens with mesh sizes of 5·0, 3·0, 1·1 and 0·4mm were acidified with 1·4% by volume of 10M nitric acid. Slurries separated through 5·0 and 0·4 mm meshes were diluted 100% and 50% respectively by volume with water and amended with calcium nitrate to supply the same amount of nitrogen as the nitric acid. All slurry combinations were surface-applied at 100 kg (NH4+-N + NO3−-N)/ha to different plots on three occasions during the growing season. Volatilization of ammonia was measured on adjacent plots using ventilated enclosures. By comparison with inorganic fertilizer treatments, assessments were made of the efficiency of slurry nitrogen for herbage production, the fertilizer value of phosphorus, potassium and sulphur in the slurry, and the effects of slurry on silage quality.The mean ammonia volatilization over all applications of acidified slurries was 17% of that from whole slurry. The two separation plus dilution treatments, however, only lowered volatilization to about half of that from whole slurry. Within separation plus acidification treatments, the trend was for dry matter yield and nitrogen offtake to increase as mesh size decreased down to 1.1 mm. For slurries separated through 5·0 and 0·4 mm meshes, the effect of the additional dilution treatment on dry matter yield and nitrogen offtake was similar to the effect of acidification. Efficiency of nitrogen offtake over all three cuts, relative to inorganic fertilizer nitrogen, was 54% for acidified whole slurry and 88% for slurry separated through a 1·1 mm mesh and acidified. Denitrification in nitric-acid amended slurries and sward contamination from slurry solids may have been responsible for lowering nitrogen efficiency.Chemical analyses of herbage showed that the concentrations of phosphorus, potassium and sulphur from the slurry treatments were comparable to those in herbage receiving the recommended rates of inorganic fertilizers and were sufficient for optimum yield. Slurry application had a detrimental effect on the fermentation quality of the ensiled herbage. Chemical analyses indicated that fermentations from two slurry treatments at the first cut and all slurry treatments at the third cut were poorer than those on treatments receiving the equivalent rate of inorganic fertilizer nitrogen.

Field performance and early test results of offspring from two Norway spruce seed orchards containing clones transferred to warmer climates

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Skrøppa ◽  
Ketil Kohmann ◽  
Øystein Johnsen ◽  
Arne Steffenrem ◽  
Øyvind M. Edvardsen
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Seed Crops

We present results from early tests and field trials of offspring from two Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seed orchards containing clones that have been transferred from high altitudes to sea level and from northern to southern latitudes. Seedlings from seeds produced in the low-altitude seed orchard developed frost hardiness later at the end of the growth season, flushed later in field trials, and grew taller than seedlings from seeds produced in natural stands. They had the lowest mortality rate and the lowest frequency of injuries in the field trials. Similar results were observed in seedlings from seeds produced in the southern seed orchard. We found no adverse effects of the changed growth rhythm. Seedlings from two seed crops in the southern orchard, produced in years with a warm and a cold summer, had different annual growth rhythms. The results are explained mainly by the effects of the climatic conditions during the reproductive phase. Seed crops from different years in the same seed orchard may produce seedlings that perform as if they were from different provenances. It is argued that the effects of the climatic conditions during seed production must contribute to the variation among provenances of Norway spruce.

scholarly journals Effect of Bokashi Fertilizer and Green Tonik Liquid Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Long Bean (Vigna sinensisL.)Parade Tavi Variety

AGRIFOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Elisabeth ◽  
Puji Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Bean Plant ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Interaction Treatment ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The purpose of the research is to study the effect of bokashi fertilizer and Green Tonik liquid fertilizer and its interaction on the growth and yield of long bean plant, as well as to find the proper dosage of bokashi fertilizer and Green Tonik liquid fertilizer concentration for obtaining the best yield of long bean.The research was conducted using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in 4 x 4 Factorial Experiment and four replications.  The factor was the dosage of bokashi fertilizer (B) consisting of 4 levels : no bokashi fertilizer application (b0), 100 g/polybag(b1), 200 g/polybag (b2), and 300 g/polybag(b3).   The second factor was the concentration of Green Tonik liquid fertilizer (N) consisting 4 levels : no Green Tonikfertilizer application (n0), 2 ml/ l water (n1),  4 ml/l water (n2), and 6 ml/lwater (n3).The results showed that: (1) the bokashi fertilizer treatment affected significantly on the plant lenght at age 15 days after planting, number of pods and weight of pods per plant, but it did not affect significantly on the plant lenght at age 22, 29 and 36 days after planting, age of plants flowered, and pods lenght; (2)the Green Tonik liquid treatment affected significantly on the plant lenght at age 22, 29, and 60 days after plantingand weight of pods per plant, but it did not affect significantly on the plant lenght at age 15 days after planting, age of plant flowered, and pods lenght;  (3) the interaction treatment between bokashi fertilizer and Green Tonik liquid fertilizer affected significantly on the plant lenght at age 15 days after planting, pods lenght, and weight of pods per plant, but did not affect significantly on the plant lenght at age 22, 29, and 36 after planting, age of plant flowered, and number of pods; and (4) the weighest weight of pods per plant was produced in b2n3 treatment of 401,75 g/plant, while the lighest one was produced in b0n0 treatment of 145,75 g/plant.

Conservation agriculture for climate smart agriculture in smallholder farming systems in Kenya.

2022 ◽  
pp. 431-442
Author(s):  
Alfred Micheni ◽  
Patrick Gicheru ◽  
Onesmus Kitonyo
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
Labour Requirement ◽  
Smart Agriculture

Abstract Climate change is any significant change in climatic conditions. Such changes may negatively affect productivity of the rain-fed agriculture practised by over 75% of the smallholder Kenyan farmers. The effect leads to failure to sustainably provide adequate food and revenue to famers. It is on this basis that an almost 8-year field study was conducted to evaluate and scale climate resilient agricultural technological options associated with Conservation Agriculture (CA) systems and practices (no-till; maintenance of permanent soil cover; and crop diversification - rotations and associations), complemented with good agricultural strategies. The activities involved were targeted to sustainably increase productivity of maize-legumes farming systems while reducing environmental risks. The results showed improved soil properties (physical, chemical and health) and consequently increased crop yields and human nutrition by over 30%. Such benefits were attributed to cost savings arising from NT and reduced labour requirement for weed control. This was further based on enhanced crop soil moisture and nutrients availability and use efficiency leading to over 25% yield increase advantage. Apart from the field trials, the study used the Agricultural Production Simulator (APSIM) computer model to simulate CA scenario with the aim of providing potential quick answers to adopting CA practices for farm system productivity. The results were inclusively shared, leading to over 21% increase in the number of farmers adopting the CA practices within and beyond the project sites. The study's overall recommendation affirmed the need to integrate the CA practices into Kenyan farming systems for sustainable agricultural livelihoods and economic opportunities.

Comparison of Application Methods and Tillage Practices on Volatilization of Clomazone

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt D. Thelen ◽  
James J. Kells ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Surface Application ◽  
Application Methods

Field trials were conducted in 1985 and 1986 to determine the effect of incorporation on volatilization of clomazone from soil. Volatilization was detected up to 2 weeks after surface-applied or soil-incorporated treatments of clomazone at 1.1 kg ai/ha. The amount of volatilization detected was greatest following rainfall and varied between years. More clomazone volatilized after surface application than after incorporation, regardless of the climatic conditions present. Clomazone volatilization detected was in the order of no-tillage > minimum tillage > conventional tillage.

scholarly journals Semi-Minimal Pruned Hedge: A Potential Climate Change Adaptation Strategy in Viticulture

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Molitor ◽  
Mareike Schultz ◽  
Robert Mannes ◽  
Marine Pallez-Barthel ◽  
Lucien Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Training System ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Maturity Period ◽  
Mechanical Thinning ◽  
Bunch Rot

The low-input viticultural training system ‘Semi-minimal pruned hedge’ (SMPH) is progressively being more widely applied in the Central European grapegrowing regions. The present study examined the influence of (i) the training system (SMPH versus the vertical shoot position (VSP) system), (ii) the timing of shoot topping in SMPH, and (iii) the effects of mechanical thinning in SMPH on the bunch rot epidemic, grape maturity, and yield. Six-year field trials on Pinot blanc in Luxembourg demonstrated that yield levels in non-thinned SMPH treatments were 74% higher, and total soluble solids (TSS) at harvest 2.2 brix lower than in VSP. Non-thinned SMPH delayed the bunch rot epidemic and the maturity progress by 18 and 11 days compared to VSP, respectively. Different shoot-topping timings in SMPH did not affect the tested parameters. Mechanical thinning regimes reduced the yield by 28% (moderate thinning) and 53% (severe thinning) compared to non-thinned SMPH and increased TSS by 0.8 and 1.3 brix, respectively. Delayed bunch rot epidemic and maturity progress give rise to the opportunity for a longer maturity period in cooler conditions, making this system of particular interest in future, warmer climatic conditions. Providing that yield levels are managed properly, SMPH might represent an interesting climate change adaptation strategy.

Determination of the volatilization of ammonia from surface-applied cattle slurry by the micrometeorological mass balance method

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Stevens ◽  
H. J. Logan
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Balance Method ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Ammonia Loss ◽  
Mass Balance Method ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Balance Technique ◽  
Land Surfaces ◽  
Grass Growth

Agronomic experiments have shown that nitrogen applied in organic manures gives variable responses in grass growth (van Dijk & Sturm, 1983; Smith, Unwin & Williams, 1985). In a series of field trials in southern England, the average apparent recovery in herbage of the nitrogen from cow slurry was only 13% (Unwin, Pain & Whinham, 1986). The volatilization of ammonia from spread slurry is one possible mechanism for the nitrogen inefficiency (Freney, Simpson & Denmead, 1983; Ryden, 1984). Direct measurements of ammonia loss from land surfaces can be made by micrometeorological methods (Denmead, 1983) and, using the micrometeorological mass balance technique, high rates of ammonia loss were recorded after the land spreading of liquid dairy cattle manure in Canada (Beauchamp, Kidd & Thurtell, 1982). The micrometeorological mass balance method has been used in England to measure ammonia loss from a grazed sward (Ryden & McNeill, 1984). This paper presents the results of an experiment where the same method was used to measure the ammonia loss after land-spreading cattle slurry in Northern Ireland.

Performance of nitrate compared with urea fertilizer in a semiarid climate of the northern Great Plains

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-355
Author(s):  
Richard E. Engel ◽  
Carlos M. Romero ◽  
Patrick Carr ◽  
Jessica A. Torrion
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Semiarid Regions

Fertilizer NO3-N may represent a benefit over NH4-N containing sources in semiarid regions where rainfall is often not sufficient to leach fertilizer-N out of crop rooting zones, denitrification concerns are not great, and when NH3 volatilization concerns exist. The objective of our study was to contrast plant-N derived from fertilizer-15N (15Ndff), fertilizer-15N recovery (F15NR), total N uptake, grain yield, and protein of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from spring-applied NaNO3 relative to urea and urea augmented with urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT). We established six fertilizer-N field trials widespread within the state of Montana between 2012 and 2017. The trials incorporated different experimental designs and 15N-labeled fertilizer-N sources, including NaNO3, NH4NO3, urea, and urea + NBPT. Overall, F15NR and 15Ndff in mature crop biomass were significantly greater for NaNO3 than urea or urea + NBPT (P < 0.05). Crop 15Ndff averaged 53.8%, 43.9%, and 44.7% across locations for NaNO3, urea, and urea + NBPT, respectively. Likewise, crop F15NR averaged 52.2%, 35.8%, and 38.6% for NaNO3, urea, and urea + NBPT, respectively. Soil 15N recovered in the surface layer (0–15 cm) was lower for NaNO3 compared with urea and urea + NBPT. Wheat grain yield and protein were generally not sensitive to improvements in 15Ndff, F15NR, or total N uptake. Our study hypothesis that NaNO3 would result in similar or better performance than urea or urea + NBPT was confirmed. Use of NO3-N fertilizer might be an alternative strategy to mitigate fertilizer-N induced soil acidity in semiarid regions of the northern Great Plains.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document