Reconstructing Education from the Bottom up: SNCC's 1964 Mississippi Summer Project and African American Culture

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOE STREET
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Voter Registration ◽  
Free Society ◽  
African American Culture ◽  
Freedom Schools ◽  
The People ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Black Voters

On 30 December 1963, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee's (SNCC) executive committee approved Bob Moses' proposal for a summer voter registration project involving hundreds of white volunteers. Initially intended to highlight the brutality inherent in Mississippi's culture and to register large numbers of disfranchised black voters, the plans expanded to include more long term and holistic methods of addressing civil rights that encompassed what SNCC and its sister organizations in Mississippi called “educational and social” programmes. As freedom schools co-ordinator Liz Fusco asserted, this represented an acceptance that what could be done in Mississippi, could be deeper, more fundamental, more far-reaching, more revolutionary than voter registration alone … [It was] a decision to enter into every phase of the lives of the people of Mississippi … a decision to set the people free for politics in the only way that people really can become free, and that is totally. Freedom schools were central to SNCC's programme. Both institutions emphasized that knowledge of one's culture was crucial to the individual. In the case of the freedom schools, students would be encouraged to think freely and develop their own ideas about a free society. Charles Cobb, who conceived the idea of the freedom schools, envisaged the schools to be places “where the students could freely ask questions about all those things, political as well as academic, which troubled and excited them.”

scholarly journals Entscheidungsfindung für einen internationalen Freiwilligendienst – Welche Rolle spielen soziale Herkunft und Bildungsverlauf der Freiwilligen?

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrike Genzel ◽  
Anja Franz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Process ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Soziale Herkunft ◽  
Voluntary Service ◽  
The People ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Rational Choice Theories ◽  
International Voluntary Service

Henrike Genzel & Anja Franz: Decision Making for a Long Term International Voluntary Service – Which Role Do Social and Educational Background Play?): The article attempts to reveal differences in the decision process for a long term international voluntary service. Those differences are analyzed with regards to the social, as well as the educational background, of the people making the decisions. The findings are discussed in view of rational choice theories based on Boudon (1974). Guided interviews with future or former “traditional” and “non-traditional” volunteers from the organization “Aktion Sühnezeichen e.V.” are used as data basis. The results show that the motivation, as well as the decision process, are influenced by the individual access to voluntary services. “Non-traditional” volunteers often structure their decisions based on occasions whereas the “traditional” volunteer’s decision are mostly shaped by rational arguments. Financial costs and an inflexible flow of information are identified as structural barriers.

Common feline problem behaviors: Aggression in multi-cat households

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Practical Relevance ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Clinical Behavior ◽  
The People ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior

Practical relevance: Being able to understand and intervene in cases of cat–cat aggression in multi-cat households is important for all veterinarians and behavior counsellors dealing with feline behavior cases. Clincal challenges: Feline conflicts are common, perhaps not helped by many owners’ assumption that this is the norm. Interventions can be complex in multi-cat households with large numbers of cats as there are more interactions to evaluate and monitor, and care needs to be taken not to negatively affect the other cats. There may be limitations due to the environment or the people involved and so behavior guidelines should always be tailored to the individual situation. Aims: This article reviews the main forms of aggression in multi-cat households and the appropriate behavioral interventions, considering both the typical scenarios and emotions/motivations most likely involved. It details essential environmental management for multi-cat homes, as well as an approach to friendly cat introductions. Audience: This article is aimed at veterinarians dealing with feline behavior cases as well as behavior counsellors, as both professionals are likely to experience cases of aggression in multi-cat households. Evidence base: The author draws on the published literature where available and, where there is a lack of research, on hypotheses derived from her own clinical behavior experience.

scholarly journals Motivace fanoušků fotbalu, hokeje a florbalu k návštěvě utkání profesionálních sportovních klubů

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-156
Author(s):  
Michal Jilka ◽  
Oldřich Racek
Keyword(s):  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
The People ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ticket Prices ◽  
Individual Sports ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Given

The article deals with the motivation of consumers of professional sports clubs of football, hockey and floorball to visit matches. Despite the apparent small increase in long-term attendance in selected sports, the average number of visitors compared to foreign countries is significantly lower. The impact can have several aspects, ranging from the unattractive matches or the players who are playing for the club, the bad priced pricing policy of individual clubs, the lack of promotion of the match, etc. To find out the results, the questionnaire survey was used during the individual sports matches, processed and evaluated. It has been found that the most frequent motives for visiting sports matches of selected sports are primarily the people with whom the people go to the match and then the feeling of relaxation and the atmosphere associated with the given match. Ticket prices, even personalities and individuality who are playing for the club, don’t play a role in deciding process.

Assembly Sites in Scandinavia: Activities and Rituals of the Community

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Sanmark
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Group Interaction ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
The People ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Shared Ownership

Chapter 5 shifts the focus to the rituals and activities of the wider community in Scandinavia. At thing sites a wide range of community activities and rituals, which most likely and created collective memories and strengthened social cohesion, were enacted. Many of these activities may have been designed by the elite, but equally the idea of assemblies as communal spaces may have been collectively driven. The archaeological signature of meeting-places and assembly-sites suggests associations with feasting and eating on a large-scale, and architectural layouts that emphasised the collective over the individual and facilitated group interaction and cohesion. The construction, enlargement and maintenance of monuments and other features required the participation of large numbers of people. By joining in this work the population gained shared ownership of the sites. This was further enhanced by communal activities during the meetings, which also involved games and sports, as well as trade. Assemblies therefore formed arenas of interplay between the top-elite and the wider population; kings were elected and ruled through the assembly, while at the same time continuously dependent on the endorsement of the people.

scholarly journals The Significance Of Theatre Play In The Pediatric Oncology Ward

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-159
Author(s):  
Ana Vicovan
Keyword(s):  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Entire Family ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The People ◽  
Child Patients ◽  
Puppet Theatre ◽  
Costs Of Treatment ◽  
The Individual

Abstract When a child is forced to begin treatment for a lifethreatening condition, both the child and his or her entire family are affected. The shock of diagnosis, the effects and the costs of treatment, can have powerful consequences on a number of levels, both immediate and long-term. Most people see the hospital as an environment that has nothing to do with creativity, imagination, or artistic activities in general. However, research shows increasing evidence that art can help cancer patients by giving them a safe space to express their emotions, relax, detach from worry and regain control. Both child patients and their parents and careers can enjoy the beneficial effects of theatre play. The approach to this social group must take into account the individual characteristics of each patient and be adapted to the emotional state of the people involved. The coordinator of these games will also fulfil to some extent a therapeutic function, and will therefore benefit from knowledge gained within other disciplines, such as psychology, but also other art forms that can be integrated and adapted according to the patient’s interests, in order to offer them a multifaceted and positive experience with therapeutic implications. In my experience working with children and adolescents in the onco-pediatric ward of the Oncology Institute in Bucharest, I have approached theatre games in pairs, puppet theatre, musical and rhythm exercises, with and without instruments. The data gathered from the observations made during these activities will contribute to the elaboration of a useful methodology for the actor coordinator of theatrical games in the hospital and to the drafting of a manual of theatrical games adapted to this unconventional environment.

scholarly journals NGURUP CIMPLUNG: FOOD SECURITY STRATEGY IN BANJARNEGARA HOUSEHOLD

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Nurul Friska Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Survival Strategy ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The People ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Local Traditions

<p><em>This study aims to look at the lives of farmers from a survival strategy perspective. An ethnographic approach is used with participant observation and interviews. The results of the study show that despite changes due to modernization of agriculture, local traditions and knowledge are still carried out. There are at least two strategies that are carried out in overcoming food security in their households, namely the short-term strategy, done by “ngurup cimplung”, taking plants around that can be used for daily needs. Whereas the long-term strategy is done by carrying out various rituals, namely “gethekan”, “Ujungan Ritual”, as well as istisqa prayers, all of which are to wish the Divine pleasure to keep nature-friendly with them. The strategy of performing this ritual also has a large function in food security both at the community and household level and even at the individual level. Each special event usually serves local food. For them, the efforts made are as an exchange effort, as “ngurup cimplung” is an economic exchange effort. Performing rituals by presenting a variety of foods are believed to get an equivalent fortune even more abundant than that given. Although rice is a staple food in every activity, the people of Gumelem, Banjarnegara can still use it wisely as a food security effort.</em></p><p><br /><em>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kehidupan petani dari perspektif survival strategy. Pendekatan etnografi digunakan dengan teknik observasi partisipan dan wawancara. Hasil studi menunjukkan meskipun terjadi perubahan akibat modernisasi pertanian, tetapi tradisi dan pengetahuan lokal tetap dilakukan. Ada dua strategi yang dilakukan petani yaitu strategi jangka pendek yaitu dengan “ngurup cimplung”, mengambil tanaman di sekitar yang bisa dimanfaatkan untuk kebutuhan sehari-hari. Sedangkan strategi jangka panjang dilakukan dengan melakukan berbagai ritual, yaitu “gethekan”, ritual adat ujungan, maupun sholat istisqa yang kesemuanya adalah mengaharap ridha Ilahi agar alam tetap bersahabat dengan mereka. Dengan melakukan ritual ini juga memiliki fungsi besar dalam ketahanan pangan baik di level komunitas maupun rumah tangga bahkan individu. Setiap kegiatan khusus biasanya menyuguhkan pangan lokal. Bagi mereka, upaya yang dilakukan adalah sebagai upaya pertukaran, sebagaimana “ngurup cimplung” merupakan upaya pertukaran ekonomi. Sedangkan melakukan ritual dengan menyuguhkan berbagai makanan dipercaya akan mendapatkan rejeki yang setara bahkan lebih berlimpah dari yang diberikan. Meskipun beras menjadi makanan pokok di setiap aktivitas, tetapi masyarakat Gumelem, Banjarnegara tetap bisa menggunakan dengan bijak sebagai upaya ketahanan pangan.</em></p>

scholarly journals The Concept Of Solidarity As A Factor In The Realization Of Human And Civil Rights And Freedoms In Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
O.S. Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
The State ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
The People ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

The article is devoted to the study of the role and significance of guarantees of individual rights and freedoms in Ukraine. The author defines that they are important factors in the economic, political, legal, cultural and other spheres of society that create conditions for the real possibility of exercising the rights and freedoms of the individual. The concept of solidarity excludes the idea of class struggle, the revolutionary path of development of society. According to this concept, the focus is on the social nature of the state: socio-economic, cultural, environmental rights of citizens are ensured with the participation of the state, which pursues an active socio-economic policy aimed at redistribution of funds for the most vulnerable, employment, social insurance, development affordable education, health care, etc. Guarantees for the realization of human and civil rights, freedoms and responsibilities can be described as a system of conditions and means that together ensure the exercise of constitutional human and civil rights, freedoms and responsibilities. The effectiveness of this system depends on various factors, but the main among them is the presence of certain elements in the system of government. These include: a) the existence of the Basic Law, the effect of which cannot be terminated arbitrarily; b) the definition of state power derived from the power of the people and the Constitution; c) consolidation at the constitutional level of fundamental rights, freedoms and responsibilities of man and citizen and the means and conditions of their exercise; d) the existence of an independent judiciary; e) the opportunity to protect their rights with the Commissioner for Human Rights of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and in international human rights organizations. It is also proposed to solve certain issues of realization of human rights and freedoms in Ukraine through the implementation of the concept of solidarity - the principle of building a social system in which its members (citizens, families, ethnic groups, religious denominations, social groups, political parties, business corporations, etc.) have a real legal and socio-political subjectivity , on the basis of which their rights, opportunities and interests can be consolidated and solidified in order to achieve consensus goals (common good) in social frameworks of different scales (local, national, global).

scholarly journals Islam and Hated Intolerance

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 194-204
Author(s):  
Tonang Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Historical Background ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The People ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

Islam does not allow the nervousness and the mutual contempt and hatred that follows it between the tribes, peoples and nations, but rather, on the contrary, heralds the friendship and brotherhood among Muslims, tolerance of religions and dialogue between the human beings. Islam has achieved the compatibility and harmony between a large numbers of people of different races and lineages. So Islam liberated the individual from the narrow tribal framework in a wider and welcoming society that included the tribe members as well as the members of other tribes. When Islam included the tribes in a society, its concern was to fight nerve tendencies and the tribal spirit. It made the original principles not to differentiate between the people on the basis of genealogy or the races or the colors, because the differentiation in Islam is based on the faith, piety and goodness. In this article, we dealt with the definition of nervousness in terms of language and convention, a historical background of the intolerance and its origin, signs of intolerance, causes of intolerance, types of intolerance: Intellectual intolerance, doctrinal intolerance, gradient or class intolerance, intolerance to sanctify the inherited past, partisan intolerance, and tribal intolerance. Tribal intolerance is from the pre-Islamic biography, then we dealt with the issue of treating hateful intolerance mentioned in the Holy Qur’an and the noble Prophet’s Sunnah. At the end of the article, we mentioned a number of results for this research.

scholarly journals Bosniaks and Bosnia: A Study in Philosophy of Politics

Illuminatio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-111
Author(s):  
Ferid Muhić
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Political Strategy ◽  
National Unity ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Affiliation ◽  
Objective Fact ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

In the first part of this study, published in the first issue of the magazine Illuminatio/Svjetionik/Almanar, the author briefly outlined the basic elements of the philosophy of politics characteristic of the history of modern nations in which he analysed the relations of the individual, the people, the nation and the state. The second part of this study focuses on the attitude of Bosniaks towards collective memory, which, according to the author, was brought to the threshold of amnesia under the influence of the long-term political strategy of their neighbours. The author believes that the shaken collective memory represents the most neuralgic problem and the greatest danger for the historical reintegration and homogenization of Bosniaks as an ethnicity and a nation. The author emphasizes that “Bosnian” is a territorial determinant and completely excludes the national determinant “Bosniak”. Flirting with the phrase “Bosniaks/Bosnians”, which is often used, is not only a denouncement of the ethnic and national affiliation of Bosniaks, but further denies their uniqueness – and thus calls into question the very existence of Bosniaks. A Bosniak is born, a Bosniak remains. A "Bosnian" becomes, a "Bosnian" cease to be. A Bosniak living in Bosnia is also a "Bosnian". A "Bosnian" who is not a Bosniak does not become a Bosniak anywhere, not even in Bosnia. A Bosniak who does not live in Bosnia remains a Bosniak, but ceases to be a "Bosnian". The goal of substituting the historical name Bosniaks with the territorial designation "Bosnians" is obvious: Break the homogeneous core of Bosniaks by erasing awareness of their ethnic identity, name, national unity, common history, culture, language, in short – a common past, present and future. The study also recalls the difference between the modern understanding of the nation and the way in which this social phenomenon was interpreted until the middle of the 20th century. Behind the separation of the nation from the ethnicity/people, as the supposedly superior form, lies the effort to relativize the ethnicity/people, as an objective fact, to weaken the mutual ties of its members and to bring the entire population under the control of central political power – as a seemingly integrated and homogeneous whole.

Computer Analyses in Preventive Health Research

1967 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 8-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Collen
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Preventive Medicine ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Preventive Health ◽  
New Era ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Normal Test ◽  
Computer Analyses

The utilization of an automated multitest laboratory as a data acquisition center and of a computer for trie data processing and analysis permits large scale preventive medical research previously not feasible. Normal test values are easily generated for the particular population studied. Long-term epidemiological research on large numbers of persons becomes practical. It is our belief that the advent of automation and computers has introduced a new era of preventive medicine.

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