Reproductive pattern in a rural Mediterranean population: La Alpujarra, Spain

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Luna ◽  
V. Fuster
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Reproductive Pattern ◽  
Mediterranean Population ◽  
Nuclear Families ◽  
Marriage Duration ◽  
Lower Extent ◽  
Number Of Births

SummaryThe reproductive pattern of a sample of nuclear families from La Alpujarra (Andalusia, Spain) is analysed. The origin of the wife or consanguinity of the couple does not influence fertility. Variability in number of pregnancies is most closely associated with marriage duration followed by the wife's year of birth. Differences in the number of births are explained more by the number of pregnancies than by the number of miscarriages. The number of survivors to the first birthday is dependent on the number of births and to a lower extent on infant mortality. Data from incomplete families show that reproductive performance of the wife below the age of 45 cannot be accepted as a reliable estimate of complete reproduction.

Perbandingan Linieritas Dalam Pendeteksian Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Angka Kematian Bayi Di Provinsi Aceh

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Desfira Ahya ◽  
Inas Salsabila ◽  
Miftahuddin
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Penalized Spline ◽  
Aceh Province

Angka Kematian Bayi/ Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) merupakan indikator penting dalam mengukur keberhasilan pengembangan kesehatan. Nilai IMR juga dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui tingkat kesehatan ibu, kondisi kesehatan lingkungan dan secara umum, tingkat pengembangan sosio-ekonomi masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh model IMR terbaik menggunakan tiga pendekatan: Model Linear, Model Linear Tergeneralisir dan Model Aditif Tergeneralisir dengan basis P-spline. Sebagai tambahan, berdasarkan model tersebut akan terlihat variabel yang mempengaruhi tingkat kematian bayi di provinsi Aceh. Penelitian ini menggunakan data jumlah kematian bayi di tahun 2013-2015. Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari Profil Kesehatan Aceh. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa model terbaik dalam menjelaskan angka kematian bayi di provinsi Aceh tahun 2013-2015 ialah Model Linear Tergeneralisir dengan basis P-spline menggunakan parameter penghalusan 100 dan titik knots 8. Faktor yang sangat mempengaruhi angka kematian ialah jumlah pekerja yang sehat.   Infant mortality rate (IMR) is an important indicator in measuring the success of health development. IMR also can be used to knowing the level of maternal health, environmental health conditions and generally the level of socio-economic development in community. This research aims to get the best model of infant mortality data using three approaches: Linear Model, Generalized Linear Model and Generalized Additive Model with Penalized Spline (P-spline) base. In addition, based on the model can be seen the variables that affect to infant mortality in Aceh Province. This research uses data number of infant mortality in Aceh Province period 2013-2015. The data in this research were obtained from Aceh’s Health Profile. The results show that the best model can be explain infant mortality rate in Aceh Province period 2013-2015 is GAM model with P-spline base using smoothing parameter 100 and knots 8. Factor that high effect to infant mortality is number of health workers.

On the Uses of Disinformation to Legitimize the Revival of the Cold War: Health in the U.S.S.R.

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Szymanski
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Employment Of Women ◽  
Child Care Facilities

During the 1970s the Soviet Union experienced rising infant mortality rates and a corresponding levelling off of earlier increases in life expectancy. Several Western critics have misrepresented or exaggerated these statistics, suggesting that these trends indicate a general breakdown in the Soviet health care system as well as the failure of the Soviet form of socialism. This paper examines life expectancy and infant mortality data by Soviet republic, showing that rates are not uniform throughout the U.S.S.R. and in many cases compare favorably with those in Western European countries and the United States. It is suggested that the infant mortality problem in the U.S.S.R. is a temporary negative consequence of rapid progress in the areas of industrialization, employment of women, and socialization of child care. It is concluded that improvements in public health education, the quality of child care facilities, and the manufacture and distribution of infant formula will contribute to the rapid resolution of this problem.

scholarly journals Births to Teens Older and Younger Than 17 Years in San Bernardino County and California

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Kofi Adade Boafo ◽  
Bruce Smith ◽  
Naomi N Modeste ◽  
Thomas J Prendergast, Jr
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Teen Mothers ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
San Bernardino County ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Data Set ◽  
San Bernardino

Objective: The purpose of this cohort, descriptive study was to attempt to understand the variables associated with discordant infant mortality among teenagers 17-19 years old whose infants demonstrated higher mortality than infants of teenagers who were younger than 17 years old in San Bernardino County, California. The intent was to elicit further research and/or define appropriate interventions for teen mothers within the age range 17-19 years. Methods: Data was abstracted from an electronic infant mortality data set, the State of California Birth Cohort File in which birth records from San Bernardino County for the period 1989 through 1993 were matched with mortality records. Results: The data showed that infants of white teens within the 17-19 age groups were more likely to have higher infant mortality rates when compared to their younger peers. Infant mortality rates among offspring of Hispanic and black teenage mothers showed no discrepancy between the two groups nor between county and state rates. Conclusions: Further study is needed to answer why infants of white teen mothers in the 17-19 age groups have higher mortality rates. There is also a need to review the services rendered to pregnant and parenting adolescents in San Bernardino County. In addition, very low birth weight infants were much more likely to die when born to older teens than when born to younger teens.

NEONATAL MORTALITY IN THE EMPOWERED ACTION GROUP STATES OF INDIA: TRENDS AND DETERMINANTS

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
PERIANAYAGAM AROKIASAMY ◽  
ABHISHEK GAUTAM
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Universal Coverage ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Action Group ◽  
Eag States ◽  
The Impact

SummaryIn India, the eight socioeconomically backward states of Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Rajasthan, Uttaranchal and Uttar Pradesh, referred to as the Empowered Action Group (EAG) states, lag behind in the demographic transition and have the highest infant mortality rates in the country. Neonatal mortality constitutes about 60% of the total infant mortality in India and is highest in the EAG states. This study assesses the levels and trends in neonatal mortality in the EAG states and examines the impact of bio-demographic compared with health care determinants on neonatal mortality. Data from India’s Sample Registration System (SRS) and National Family and Health Survey (NFHS-2, 1998–99) are used. Cox proportional hazard models are applied to estimate adjusted neonatal mortality rates by health care, bio-demographic and socioeconomic determinants. Variations in neonatal mortality by these determinants suggest that universal coverage of all pregnant women with full antenatal care, providing assistance at delivery and postnatal care including emergency care are critical inputs for achieving a reduction in neonatal mortality. Health interventions are also required that focus on curtailing the high risk of neonatal deaths arising from the mothers’ younger age at childbirth, low birth weight of children and higher order births with short birth intervals.

scholarly journals Formative research on infant mortality rate in Manipur

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1287
Author(s):  
Markordor Lyngdoh ◽  
Brogen Singh Akoijam
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Formative Research ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Depth Interviews

Background: IMR is universally regarded as the most important indicator of the health status of a community. Objectives was too triangulate low infant mortality data in Manipur using qualitative data in a district.Methods: A formative research was conducted in Bishnupur area of Manipur in November-December 2017 among health care workers using in-depth interviews. A total of 15 in-depth interviews were transcribed and analysed with qualitative content analysis.Results: Themes emerging out of analysis included well-equipped health care facilities, efficiency of health workers, parent’s awareness, record maintenance, problems faced by the hilly areas and Government schemes.Conclusions: All the participants are of the agreement that IMR in Manipur is low.

Body condition score and reproductive performance in dairy cows in Greece

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 60-60
Author(s):  
G. Oikonomou ◽  
G. Arsenos ◽  
G.E. Valergakis ◽  
A. Tsiaras ◽  
G. Banos
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Body Condition Scoring ◽  
Body Energy ◽  
The Impact

Various studies in dairy cows have shown that their Body Condition Score (BCS) effectively reflects their nutritional status and energy content (Ferguson et al. 1994). Extremes in BCS and BCS losses have been identified as a risk factor for health problems and reduced reproductive efficiency (Markusfeld et al. 1997, Lopez-Gatius et al. 2003). Body condition scoring is easy and inexpensive to perform and gives a reliable estimate of body energy reserves. Hence, in practice, BCS can be used as a tool for ration formulation and management decisions concerning reproduction of dairy cows (Banos et al. 2004). The objective of this study was to determine and quantify the impact of BCS in the reproductive performance of primiparous Holstein cows.

Infectious Disease-Related Deaths of Low Birth Weight Infants, United States, 1968 to 1982

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-303
Author(s):  
Janine M. Jason
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
United States ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Tract Infections

Infant mortality rates in the United States are higher than in any other developed country. Low birth weight (LBW) is the primary determinant of infant mortality. Despite city, state, and federal programs to prevent LBW, decreases in infant mortality in the 1980s appear to be largely secondary to improved survival of LBW infants rather than to a decline in the rate of LBW births. Because prevention of mortality due to infectious disease is feasible, it was of interest to examine the role of infectious diseases in LBW infant mortality. US vital statistics mortality data for 1968 through 1982 were analyzed in terms of LBW infant mortality associated with infectious and noninfectious diseases. These analyses indicated that the rates of infectious disease-associated early neonatal and postneonatal LBW mortality increased during this time; late neonatal rates did not decline appreciably. Infectious diseases were associated with 4% of all LBW infant deaths in 1968; this had increased to 10% by 1982. Although LBW infant mortality rates associated with noninfectious diseases did not differ for white and black populations, infectious disease-associated mortality rates were consistently higher for blacks than whites in both metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. Chorioamnionitis was involved in 28% of infectious disease-associated early neonatal LBW deaths. Sepsis was an increasingly listed cause of death in all infant age periods, whereas respiratory tract infections were decreasingly listed. Necrotizing enterocolitis increased as a cause of late neonatal mortality. These data suggest that infectious diseases are an increasing cause of LBW infant mortality and these deaths occur more frequently in the black population targeted by prevention programs. More research concerning specific causes and prevention of infections in the LBW infant may help reduce US infant mortality.

Maternal Cancer During Pregnancy and Risks of Stillbirth and Infant Mortality

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (14) ◽  
pp. 1522-1529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghao Lu ◽  
Jonas F. Ludvigsson ◽  
Karin E. Smedby ◽  
Katja Fall ◽  
Unnur Valdimarsdóttir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Spontaneous Preterm Birth ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Birth Preterm ◽  
Number Of Births

Purpose To examine whether maternal cancer during pregnancy is associated with increased risks of stillbirth and infant mortality. Methods On the basis of nationwide health registers, we conducted a study of 3,947,215 singleton births in Sweden from 1973 through 2012. Exposure was defined as maternal cancer diagnosed during pregnancy (number of births = 984) or during the year after pregnancy (number of births = 2,723). We calculated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for stillbirth and infant mortality, comparing exposed births to unexposed births. Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and preterm births were examined as secondary outcomes. Results Maternal cancer diagnosed during pregnancy was positively associated with stillbirth (IRR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.2 to 5.0), mainly stillbirths assessed as SGA (IRR, 4.9; 95% CI, 2.2 to 11.0), and with preterm SGA births (relative risk 3.0; 95% CI, 2.1 to 4.4). Positive associations of maternal cancer diagnosed during pregnancy or the year after pregnancy were noted for both neonatal mortality (deaths within 0 to 27 days; IRR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.3 to 5.6 and IRR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2 to 3.2, respectively) and preterm birth (IRR, 5.8; 95% CI, 5.3 to 6.5 and IRR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.4 to 1.8, respectively). The positive association with preterm birth was due to iatrogenic instead of spontaneous preterm birth. Preterm birth explained 89% of the association of maternal cancer during pregnancy with neonatal mortality. Conclusion Maternal cancer during pregnancy is associated with increased risks of rare but fatal outcomes, including stillbirth and neonatal mortality. This may be due to conditions associated with fetal growth restriction and iatrogenic preterm birth. Careful monitoring of fetal growth and cautious decision making on preterm delivery should therefore be reinforced.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document