DO BIOMARKERS VARY BY SOCIAL CLASS, EDUCATION AND REGION AND IS MIGRATION IMPORTANT? EVIDENCE FROM A COHORT OF BRITISH ADULTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-117
Author(s):  
Monika Krzyżanowska ◽  
C. G. Nicholas Mascie-Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
National Child Development Study ◽  
Regional Mobility ◽  
Region Of Residence ◽  
Important Evidence

SummaryThe aim of this study was to test whether Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1) and Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) vary in relation to social class at birth and adulthood, educational level and region of residence, and also with inter-generational social, educational and regional mobility/migration. The study used 5702 adults (2894 males and 2718 females) from the longitudinal British National Child Development Study (all children born in England, Scotland and Wales during the first week in March 1958 with follow-up throughout childhood and adulthood, most recently at 55 years of age). In both sexes BMI and waist circumference tended to increase from social classes I+II to IV+V and higher social class was associated with higher mean FEV1 and PEF. Better-educated adults tended to have lower BMI and waist circumference, and higher mean FEV1 and PEF. Women from Wales had the highest mean BMI and waist circumference but the lowest mean PEF, while women in Scotland had the highest mean systolic blood pressure and the lowest mean FEV1. For men only, FEV1 and PEF showed regional variation and the lowest mean FEV1 was in Wales and the lowest PEF in Yorkshire & Humberside. Inter-generational social mobility was not found to be associated with any of the biomarkers, while educational mobility was related only to FEV1 and PEF. In both sexes, in unadjusted regression analysis regional migrant cohort members tended to have a lower mean BMI than sedentes. Regional male migrants also tended to have a lower waist circumference and a higher FEV1 and PEF than sedentes.

scholarly journals The impact of inter-generational social and regional circumstances on dietary intake patterns of British adults: results from the 1946 British Birth Cohort

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 737-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
GD Mishra ◽  
CJ Prynne ◽  
AA Paul ◽  
DC Greenberg ◽  
C Bolton-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Regional Mobility ◽  
Food Items ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Region Of Residence ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectives:(1) To determine the extent to which an individual's childhood social circumstances and region of residence influence their dietary pattern at age 43 years and (2) to establish the extent to which an individual adopts the dietary pattern of their social and regional circumstances at age 43 years.Design:Longitudinal study of a social class stratified, random sample of all legitimate, singleton births in the week of 3–9 March 1946.Settings:England, Scotland and Wales.Subjects:The 3187 survey members who provided sociodemographic information at age 4 years in 1950 and sociodemographic and dietary data (48-hour dietary recall) at 43 years in 1989.Results:People who remained in the non-manual social class consumed significantly higher amounts of food items correlated with the factor health aware (items include high-fibre breakfast cereals, wholemeal breads, apples and bananas) than those who remained in the manual social class. Those who made the transition from manual social class in childhood to non-manual social class at age 43 years partly adopted the distinctive dietary patterns of the non-manual social classes. Consumption of items in the factors refined (items include whole-fat milk, white bread, sugar and butter) and sandwich (items include tomatoes, lettuce, onions, bacon and ham) did not differ by social class or regional mobility.Conclusions:This work suggests that although adult dietary patterns are developed as a result of childhood influences, these patterns can be modified as a result of social and regional transitions. Such changes in dietary patterns may influence susceptibility to disease.

Cross-talk between ANGPTL4 gene SNP rs1044250 and weight management is a risk factor of Mets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhoujie Tong ◽  
Jie Peng ◽  
Hongtao Lan ◽  
Wenwen Sai ◽  
Yulin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Elevated Blood Pressure ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Elevated Blood

Abstract Background The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (Mets) is closely related to the increased incidence of cardiovascular events. Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) is contributory to the regulation of lipid metabolism, herein, may provide a target for gene-aimed therapy of Mets. This case-control study was designed to elucidate the relationship between Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1044250 and the onset of Mets, and to explore the effect of interaction between SNP rs1044250 and weight management on Mets. Methods We have recruited 1018 Mets cases and 1029 controls in this study. The SNP rs1044250 was detected, base-line information and Mets-related indicators were collected. A 5-year follow-up survey was carried out to track the lifestyle changes, drug treatments and changes in Mets-related indicators. Results ANGPTL4 gene SNP rs1044250 is an independent risk factor for increased waist circumference (OR 1.618, 95% CI [1.119–2.340]; p = 0.011) and elevated blood pressure (OR 1.323, 95% CI [1.002–1.747]; p = 0.048), the prevalence of Mets (OR 1.875, 95% CI [1.363–2.580]; p < 0.001) is increased. The follow-up survey shows that rs1044250 CC genotype patients with weight gain have an increased number of Mets components (M [Q1, Q3]: CC 1 (0, 1), CT + TT 0 [-1, 1]; p = 0.021); The interaction between SNP rs1044250 and weight management is a risk factor for increased SBP (β = 0.075, p < 0.001) and increased DBP (β = 0.097, p < 0.001), the synergistic effect is negative (S < 1). Conclusion ANGPTL4 gene SNP rs1044250 is an independent risk factor for increased waist circumference and elevated blood pressure, therefore, for Mets. Weight management that interacts negatively with ANGPTL4 polymorphism is an essential lifestyle intervention approach for elevated blood pressure.

scholarly journals Association Between Waist Circumference Change and Incident Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Chinese Adults: An 18-year Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Lei Ma ◽  
Han-Jun Zhao ◽  
Ying-Hao Su
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Abstract Background The aim of our study was to investigate waist circumference (WC) change and the risk of incident chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among Chinese adults.Methods A total of 8,164 participants aged 20-35 years were recruited who attended health examination with the repeat measurements of WC and lung function (forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)) from 2001 to 2019. The data of same measurements were collected at their age of 38-53 years. Participants were categorized by WC change as ≤-2.5%, -2.5% to 2.5%, 2.5% to 5% and ＞5% according to gender. The modified Poisson regression models were used to assess the association of WC gain and the risk of COPD.Results During 18-year follow-up, a total of 917 COPD cases were identified. From baseline to follow-up, the mean of FEV1 decreased from 3.20 L to 2.79 L among male participants and 2.28 L to 1.95 L among female participants. Comparing with participants who were not abdominal obesity at both baseline and follow-up, participants with abdominal obesity among both genders after the follow-up were associated to the greater risk of COPD regardless of abdominal obesity at baseline. The risk of incident COPD increased 19% among male participants (RR=1.19, 95%CI=1.04-1.48) and 14% among female participants (RR=1.14, 95%CI=1.01-1.40) when WC gain increased ＞5% during the 18-year follow-up. The COPD risk decreased 28% among male participants with WC change ≤-2.5% (RR=0.82, 95%CI=0.67-0.99).Conclusions The risk of incident COPD was positively associated with increasing WC for both genders among Chinese adults.

Self-Selected and Prescribed Intensity Exercise to Improve Physical Activity Among Inactive Retirees

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 1301-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhinan Yang ◽  
Marcia A. Petrini
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Daily Step ◽  
Exercise Programs ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Step Counts

A randomized controlled study explored the effects of two intensity-oriented exercise interventions on affect to exercise and physical activity behavior. Inactive retirees finished the 12-week group-based exercise intervention and 3-month telephone follow-up with 27 in self-selected intensity group and 26 in prescribed intensity group. Repeated measures of daily step counts (measured by Yamax pedometers), positive and negative affect to exercise, weight, height, waist circumference, and blood pressure were done at baseline, postintervention, and 3-month follow-up. Increased daily step counts and positive affect, and reduced body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure of both groups, and negative affect of self-selected intensity group were found at different measuring times. Although self-selected intensity group had no significantly different daily step counts from prescribed intensity group, the former had a more positive and less negative affect to exercise. Findings suggest that future exercise programs use self-selected intensity exercise programs to improve pleasure affect to exercise.

Association between BMI, waist circumference and prehypertension among adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (05) ◽  
pp. 697-701
Author(s):  
Ahmed Murtaz Khalid ◽  
Iffat Naiyar ◽  
Rizwan Masud ◽  
Aiman Farogh Anjum ◽  
Fatima Kamran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Correlational Study ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Study Setting

Objective: To know the association between different anthropometric parameters for overweight and obese individuals to prevalence of prehypertension. Study Design: Correlational study. Setting: Vicinity of Kharian and at Outpatient Department, CMH Kharian Cantt. Period: February 2019 and January 2020. Material & Methods: Correlational study carried out in the vicinity of Kharian by employing different anthropometric measurements in accordance with guidelines to look at how blood pressure figure behaves in overweight, obese and morbidly obese population and further is there a difference in overall outcome if we use waist circumference rather than BMI and its significance in targeting preventive strategies. Results: Our results show a staircase pattern of increase in blood pressure, initially lying in different phases of prehypertension among normal weight (BMI 23±1.65; waist circumference (WC): 86.45±8.78; Systolic BP:127±11.99; Diastolic BP:80.44 ±9.45), overweight (BMI 27.35 ±1.23; WC:100±5.32; Systolic BP:128.72 ±11.29; Diastolic BP:80.05 ±6.66) and obese individuals (BMI 31.97 ±1.45; WC:112.12±9.22; Systolic BP:138.06 ±21.61; Diastolic BP:87.56 ±9.78), while this trend shifted to full blown hypertension among morbidly obese individuals (BMI 39.88 ±4.30; WC:120.38±12.84; Systolic BP:145 ±17.64; Diastolic BP:89.23 ±10.95) Conclusion: We conclude that prehypertension is already prevalent among normal weight and overweight individuals, and intensive follow up and lifestyle intervention strategy should be employed earlier at this level and waist circumference is a better predictor of cardiovascular disease than BMI and should be routinely done in local primary health care set up to prevent the onset of complications associated with this silent killer.

Abstract P327: Risk Factors for Prehypertension in the Community

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Rafalson ◽  
Richard P Donahue ◽  
Saverio Stranges
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
New York ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
General Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Prehypertension is an increasingly highly prevalent condition in the general population, and is associated with an increased risk for coronary heart disease and stroke. However, evidence from population-based studies of the risk factors for prehypertension is scant. We sought to examine the predictors of progression from normotension to prehypertension in a community-based population from Western New York. Methods: We conducted a longitudinal analysis, over six years of follow-up, among 569 men and women (51.8 years, 96% White, 70% female) who were free of prehypertension, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes at the baseline examination, in the Western New York Health Study (WNYHS). Incident prehypertension at follow-up was defined as systolic blood pressure of 120-139 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure of 80-89 mmHg. Results: In bivariate analyses, there were several correlates of incident prehypertension, including age, BMI and waist circumference, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), uric acid, and baseline blood pressure levels. After multivariate adjustment, IFG at baseline odds ratio (OR):1.69, 95%CI:1.06-2.67) and weight gain since age 25 (OR: 1.28, 1.11-1.58 per 10 lb. increase) were the strongest significant predictors of prehypertension at follow-up. Neither waist circumference nor current BMI were predictor variables in models when they were substituted for weight gain. Conclusions: Results from this study suggest early dysregulation of glucose metabolism and weight gain over the lifespan are likely to represent important risk factors for prehypertension in the general population.

scholarly journals Feasibility of an after-school group-based exercise and lifestyle programme to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and health in less-active Pacific and Maori adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongchie Chansavang ◽  
C Raina Elley ◽  
Brighid McCaffrey ◽  
Chloe Davidson ◽  
Ofa Dewes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
After School ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Vo2 Max ◽  
Lifestyle Programme

INTRODUCTION: Obesity and low levels of physical activity are increasing among Pacific and Maori adolescents in New Zealand. AIM: To assess the feasibility of an after-school exercise and lifestyle programme to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, health and usual activity in less-active Pacific and Maori adolescents over six weeks. METHODS: Eighteen less-active secondary school students participated. The six-week programme included 3 x 1.5 hour exercise and healthy lifestyle sessions per week. Outcomes included estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2 max), insulin resistance (Homeostasis Model Assessment), physical activity, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose, blood pressure, waist circumference and fasting lipids, measured at baseline and six weeks. Programme attendance and qualitative comments were also recorded. Student?s t-tests were used. RESULTS: Of the 18 students enrolled, 16 (89%) completed six-week follow-up, 14 (78%) were female, 13 (72%) were Pacific ethnicity and 5 (28%) were Maori. At baseline, mean age was 16.3 (standard deviation [SD] 1.0) years, body mass index (BMI) 35.2 (SD 6.7) kg/m2 , VO2 max 31.5 (SD 4.3) mL/kg/min, systolic blood pressure 125.0 (SD 12.9) mm Hg, HbA1c 39.9 (SD 3.8) mmol/mol, fasting serum insulin 28.3 (SD 27.8) �U/mL. At follow-up, improvements had occurred in VO2 max (3.2 mL/kg/min; p=0.02), systolic blood pressure (-10.6 mm Hg; p=0.003), HbA1c (-1.1 mmol/mol; p=0.03) and weekly vigorous (4 hours, p=0.002) and moderate (2 hours, p=0.006) physical activity, although waist circumference increased (p=0.005). Programme attendance was over 50%. Comments were mostly positive. DISCUSSION: The after-school exercise and lifestyle programme and study methods were feasible. Such programmes have the potential to improve health outcomes for Pacific and Maori adolescents. KEYWORDS: Adolescent; diabetes mellitus; ethnic groups; exercise; physical fitness; primary prevention

Abstract P261: Skeletal Muscle Density: A Novel Risk Factor for Hypertension in Aging African Ancestry Men

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iva Miljkovic ◽  
Allison Kuipers ◽  
Clareann Bunker ◽  
Alan Patrick ◽  
Joseph Zmuda
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
African Ancestry ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Muscle Density

Background: Intramuscular fat is greater in African compared with European ancestry men and is now recognized as a major risk factor for cardio-metabolic diseases, independent of general obesity. However, prospective studies examining health consequences of this important ectopic fat depot are lacking, particularly in high-risk African ancestry populations. Therefore, we sought to determine if change in skeletal muscle density, a measure of intramuscular fat, predicts subsequent development of hypertension in African ancestry men. Methods: We measured at two time points calf skeletal muscle density (MD; mg/cm 3 ) using computed tomography in 1504 Afro-Caribbean men aged 40-92 years (mean, 59 years), who were recruited without regard to their health status. Hypertension was defined as having a systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or greater, having a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking antihypertensive medications. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between change in MD and incident hypertension adjusting for follow-up time, baseline age and muscle density, and covariates known to be associated with hypertension and intramuscular fat (baseline body weight, body weight change, waist circumference, waist circumference change, current smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, and baseline type 2 diabetes status). Results were expressed as the odds (95% CI) of hypertension per one standard deviation decrease in muscle density. Results: During the 6.2 years follow-up (range of follow-up years: 4.9-9.1 years), we observed a significant annualized percent decrease in muscle density (-0.43 %/yr; P<0.0001). Among the 777 men who were normotensive at the baseline visit, 224 (28.8%) developed hypertension during follow-up. Decreased MD during follow-up was associated with an increased risk of hypertension (odds ratio [95% CI] per SD decrease in MD: 1.31 [1.03, 1.67]). This association remained significant after additional adjustment for baseline waist circumference and change in waist circumference in a separate model (odds ratio [95% CI] per SD decrease in MD: 1.27 [1.02, 1.59]). Conclusions: Our novel findings show that ectopic intramuscular fat increases with advancing age, and support a causal role of intramuscular fat in hypertension risk among middle-aged and elderly African ancestry men. Additional studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms behind this association, and to confirm our findings in other populations.

scholarly journals Determinants of Longitudinal Change of Lung Function in Different Gender in a Large Taiwanese Population Follow-Up Study Categories: Original Investigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1033
Author(s):  
Chia-Heng Chang ◽  
Szu-Chia Chen ◽  
Jiun-Hung Geng ◽  
Da-Wei Wu ◽  
Jiun-Chi Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
History Of

Chronic lung disease is associated with tremendous social and economic burden worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the sex-specific risk factors for changes in lung function in a large longitudinal study. We included 9059 participants from the Taiwan Biobank. None of the participants had a history of smoking, asthma, emphysema or bronchitis. Lung function was assessed using spirometry measurements of forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). Change in the FEV1/FVC (ΔFEV1/FVC) was calculated as a follow-up FEV1/FVC minus baseline FEV1/FVC. Linear regression analysis was used to identify associations between variables and ΔFEV1/FVC in the male and female participants. After multivariable adjustments, the male participants (vs. females; p = 0.021) were significantly associated with a low ΔFEV1/FVC. In addition, the male participants with low aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (p = 0.003), high alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p = 0.006) and a low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (p = 0.003) were significantly associated with a low ΔFEV1/FVC. For the female participants, low systolic blood pressure (p = 0.005), low diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.031), low AST (p < 0.001), high ALT (p < 0.001) and a low eGFR (p = 0.001) were significantly associated with a low ΔFEV1/FVC. In this large follow-up study, we found that the male participants had a faster decrease in the FEV1/FVC than the female participants. In addition, liver and renal functions were correlated with changes in lung function in both the male and female participants. Our findings provide useful information on sex-specific changes in lung function.

scholarly journals Feasibility Pilot Study of a Teaching Kitchen and Self-Care Curriculum in a Workplace Setting

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Eisenberg ◽  
Allison C. Righter ◽  
Benjamin Matthews ◽  
Weimin Zhang ◽  
Walter C. Willett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
Workplace Setting ◽  
The Impact

Objective. To examine the feasibility of a prototype Teaching Kitchen (TK) self-care intervention that offers the combination of culinary, nutrition, exercise, and mindfulness instruction with health coaching; and to describe research methods whereby the impact of TK models can be scientifically assessed. Design. Feasibility pilot study. Subjects were recruited, screened, and consented to participate in 14- or 16-week programs. Feasibility was assessed through ease of recruitment and attendance. One-sample t tests and generalized estimating equation models were used to compare differences in groups. Setting. Workplace. Subjects. Two cohorts of 20 employees and their partners. Results. All 40 participants completed the program with high attendance (89%) and response rates on repeated assessments. Multiple changes were observed in biomarkers and self-reported behaviors from baseline to postprogram including significant (  P < .05) decreases from baseline to postprogram in body weight (−2.8 kg), waist circumference (−2.2 in.), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (−7.7 and −6.3 mm Hg, respectively), and total cholesterol (−7.5 mg/dL). While changes in all of the aforementioned biomarkers persisted over the 12-month follow-up (n = 32), only changes in waist circumference and diastolic blood pressure remained statistically different at 12 months. Conclusions. These study findings suggest that a TK curriculum is feasible within a workplace setting and that its impact on relevant behavioral and clinical outcomes can be scientifically assessed.

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