Individual- and community-level factors associated with underweight and overweight among women of reproductive age in Bangladesh: a multilevel analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
S. M. Mostafa Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract The co-existence of under- and overweight at population level around the globe is well documented. However, this has yet to be explored using suitable statistical techniques in the context of Bangladesh. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and risk factors for being underweight and overweight or obese compared with normal weight in ever-married non-pregnant women aged 15–49 years in Bangladesh using data from the most recent Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2014. Multilevel multinomial logistic regression (MLMLR) and quantile regression models were fitted to examine the associations of socioeconomic and individual-, household- and community-level factors on the nutritional status of women as measured by BMI. Overall, the prevalences of underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese women were 19%, 58%, 19% and 4%, respectively, in 2014. The MLMLR analysis revealed that women of young age, widowed/divorced/separated, having a larger family size and children aged ≤5 years in the household, currently amenorrhoeic and members of non-government organizations were at significantly increased risk of being underweight; those of older age, having higher parity, more educated, frequently watched TV and non-poor were more likely to be overweight or obese relative to normal BMI. Women from more affluent communities and urban areas were more likely to be overweight or obese relative to normal BMI than their counterparts from less-affluent and rural communities. Women’s nutritional status was found to be heterogeneous across the regions of the country. The findings indicate that, along with individual-level factors, community-level characteristics are also important in explaining women’s BMI in Bangladesh. The issue of under- and overweight or obesity among women in Bangladesh requires the immediate adoption of a public health policy for its mitigation. When developing intervention programmes, important determinants and uniform development of regions should be taken into consideration to combat the dual burden of under- and overweight among women in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Hepatitis E in Bangladesh: Insights from a National Serosurvey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Azman ◽  
Kishor Kumar Paul ◽  
Taufiqur Rahman Bhuiyan ◽  
Aybuke Koyuncu ◽  
Henrik Salje ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Geostatistical Models

Background Hepatitis E virus, typically genotypes 1 and 2, is a major cause of avoidable morbidity and mortality in South Asia. Although case fatality risk among pregnant women can reach as high as 25%, a lack of population-level disease burden data has been cited as a primary factor in key global policy recommendations against the routine use of licensed hepatitis E vaccines, one of the only effective tools available for preventing disease and death. Methods We tested serum from a nationally-representative serosurvey in Bangladesh for anti-HEV IgG. We estimated the proportion of the population with evidence of historical HEV infection and used Bayesian geostatistical models to generate high resolution national maps of seropositivity. We examined variability in seropositivity by individual-level, household-level, and community-level risk factors using spatial logistic regression. Results We tested serum samples from 2924 individuals from 70 communities representing all divisions of Bangladesh and estimated a national seroprevalence of hepatitis E of 20% (95% CI 17-24%). Seropositivity increased with age and male sex (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.8-2.8). Community-level seroprevalence ranged from 0-78% with the seroprevalence in urban areas being higher, including Dhaka, the capital, with 3-fold (95%CrI 2.3-3.7) higher seroprevalence than the rest of the country. Conclusion Hepatitis E infections are common throughout Bangladesh, though 90% of women reach reproductive age without any evidence of previous exposure to the virus, thus likely susceptible to infection and disease. Strengthening clinical surveillance for hepatitis E, especially in urban areas may help generate additional evidence needed to appropriately target interventions like vaccines to the populations most likely to benefit.

Prevalence of malnutrition among women and adolescent girls: impact of urbanization in rural–urban interface of Bangalore

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veerabhadrappa Bellundagi ◽  
K.B. Umesh ◽  
B.C. Ashwini ◽  
K.R. Hamsa
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis

PurposeIndia is facing a double burden of malnutrition, i.e. undernutrition and obesity. Women and adolescent health and nutrition are very relevant issues which have not received much attention it deserves in India, especially in the context of a girl child. Hence, the purpose of this study is to assess malnutrition among women and adolescent girls as well as the associated factors.Design/methodology/approachAn attempt was made to assess malnutrition among women and adolescent girls and associated factors. The required data was collected from the north (616) and south transects (659) sample households of Bangalore constituting a total sample size of 1,275. The data was analyzed by adopting multiple linear regression and multinomial logistic regression analysis using STATA software.FindingsThe effects of this study simply confirmed that, urbanization had an instantaneous effect on dietary repute of women and adolescent girls, while transferring throughout the gradient from rural to urban with the growing significance of weight problems and obese. In adolescent girls, about 31% were underweight followed by normal weight and overweight across rural–urban interface of Bangalore. The factors such as education, consumption of meat and animal products, a dummy for urban, diabetes and blood pressure were significantly and positively influencing the nutritional status (Body Mass Index) of women across rural–urban interface. While consumption of vegetables, wealth index and per capita income had a positive and significant influence on the nutritional status of adolescent girls.Originality/valueWith limited studies and data available in Karnataka, especially in Bengaluru, one of the fastest growing cities in the world. Against this backdrop, the study was conducted to assess the prevalence of malnutrition among women and adolescents and its association with various socio-economic variables.

Obesity and oocyte quality: Significant implications for ART and Emerging mechanistic insights

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Macarena B Gonzalez ◽  
Rebecca L Robker ◽  
Ryan D Rose
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Live Birth Rate ◽  
Oocyte Quality ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract The prevalence of obesity in adults worldwide, and specifically in women of reproductive age, is concerning given the risks to fertility posed by the increased risk of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and other non-communicable diseases. Obesity has a multi-systemic impact in female physiology that is characterized by the presence of oxidative stress, lipotoxicity, and the activation of pro-inflammatory pathways, inducing tissue-specific insulin resistance and ultimately conducive to abnormal ovarian function. A higher body mass is linked to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, dysregulated menstrual cycles, anovulation, and longer time to pregnancy, even in ovulatory women. In the context of ART, compared to women of normal BMI, obese women have worse outcomes in every step of their journey, resulting in reduced success measured as live birth rate. Even after pregnancy is achieved, obese women have a higher chance of miscarriage, gestational diabetes, pregnancy complications, birth defects, and most worryingly, a higher risk of stillbirth and neonatal death. The potential for compounding effects of ART on pregnancy complications and infant morbidities in obese women has not been studied. There is still much debate in the field on whether these poorer outcomes are mainly driven by defects in oocyte quality, abnormal embryo development or an unaccommodating uterine environment, however the clinical evidence to date suggests a combination of all three are responsible. Animal models of maternal obesity shed light on the mechanisms underlaying the effects of obesity on the peri-conception environment, with recent findings pointing to lipotoxicity in the ovarian environment as a key driver of defects in oocytes that have not only reduced developmental competence but long-lasting effects in offspring health.

scholarly journals Are there differences in nutrient intake of Brazilian adults according to weight status?

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 2411-2418
Author(s):  
Marina Campos Araujo ◽  
Camilla de Chermont Prochnik Estima ◽  
Edna Massae Yokoo ◽  
Taís de Souza Lopes ◽  
Rosangela Alves Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Food Records

Abstract It was assessed the intake and prevalence of inadequate nutrient intake according to weight status among Brazilian adults from urban areas (n=16,198) evaluated in the Brazilian National Dietary Survey (NDS – 2008-2009), that obtained food records from two non-consecutive days. The prevalence of inadequate nutrient intake according to weight status was estimated based on Brazilian and international recommendations, in which usual intake was estimated applying the National Cancer Institute method. From 14 nutrients evaluated, six differed according to weight status in men, and only two among women. For men, the mean proportion of energy derived from lipids and saturated fat and mean intake of cholesterol, zinc, and vitamin B12 were greater among those with excess weight compared to those with normal weight; the inverse was observed for dietary fiber. Mean sodium intake was greater and proportion of energy from added sugar intake was lower among obese women compared to overweight ones. Strategies to encourage food consumption with high micronutrient density should be targeted to adult population regardless of their weight status.

scholarly journals Association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index and Risk of Frailty in Older Individuals with Poor Nutritional Status

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doyeon Kim ◽  
Yongsoon Park
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Mini Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Inflammatory Index ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Poor Nutritional Status

Both inflammation and poor nutritional status are major risk factors of frailty, and the dietary inflammatory index (DII) has been suggested as being associated with the risk of frailty. The present study aimed to investigate whether DII scores were positively associated with the risk of frailty in older individuals, particularly those with poor nutritional status. In total, 321 community-dwelling older individuals aged 70–85 years were recruited and categorized as non-frail, pre-frail, and frail according to the Cardiovascular Health Study index. DII scores were calculated based on 24-h dietary recall, and nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that DII scores were positively associated with the risk of frailty in older individuals (odds ratio, OR 1.64, 95% confidence interval, 95% CI 1.25–2.17), particularly those with poor nutritional status (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.21–2.34). Among the frailty criteria, weight loss (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.03–1.60), low walking speed (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.10–1.61), and low grip strength (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.13–1.60) were associated with DII scores. In addition, the optimal DII cut-off score for frailty was ≥0.93 (sensitivity 71%; specificity: 72%; area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, AUC = 0.792). The present study showed that a pro-inflammatory diet was associated with increased risk of frailty, particularly in older individuals with poor nutritional status. Future randomized controlled trials with a low DII diet for the prevention of frailty are needed to confirm our finding.

scholarly journals Obesity and risk of infections: results from men and women in the Swedish National March Cohort

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Ghilotti ◽  
Rino Bellocco ◽  
Weimin Ye ◽  
Hans-Olov Adami ◽  
Ylva Trolle Lagerros
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Model ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Event Analysis ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Repeated Events ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Previous studies have shown an association between body mass index (BMI) and infections, but the literature on type-specific community acquired infections is still limited. Methods We included 39 163 Swedish adults who completed a questionnaire in September 1997 and were followed through record-linkages until December 2016. Information on BMI was self-reported and infections were identified from the Swedish National Patient Register using International Classification of Diseases (ICD), Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes. We fitted multivariable Cox proportional hazards models for time-to-first-event analysis, and we used extensions of the standard Cox model when repeated events were included. Results During a 19-year follow-up 32% of the subjects had at least one infection requiring health care contact, leading to a total of 27 675 events. We found an increased incidence of any infection in obese women [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.22; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.12; 1.33] and obese men (HR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.09; 1.43) compared with normal weight subjects. For specific infections, higher incidences were observed for skin infections in both genders (HR = 1.76; 95% CI = 1.47; 2.12 for obese females and HR = 1.74; 95% CI = 1.33; 2.28 for obese males) and gastrointestinal tract infections (HR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.19; 1.75), urinary tract infections (HR = 1.30; 95% CI = 1.08; 1.55) and sepsis (HR = 2.09; 95% CI = 1.46; 2.99) in obese females. When accounting for repeated events, estimates similar to the aforementioned ones were found. Conclusions Obesity was associated with an increased risk of infections in both genders. Results from multiple-failure survival analysis were consistent with those from classic Cox models.

scholarly journals LEVEL OF STRESS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN WITH HEART PROBLEMS

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 220-230
Author(s):  
HananElzeblawy Hassan ◽  
Eman Ali Abd MoatySheha ◽  
ElsaydaHamdy Nasr
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Substantial Evidence ◽  
Medical Disorders ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Depth Interviews

Although its prevalence is comparatively low in pregnant women, heart disease is the most significant cause of maternal mortality. About 2% of pregnancies involve maternal cardiovascular disease and this poses an increased risk to both mother and fetus. In-depth interviews for the convenience of 178 pregnant women with heart disease going through 400 pregnancies associated with medical disorders, which were booked in the high-risk obstetric departments and the antenatal outpatient clinics at all governmental hospitals in Beni-Surf City. The prevalence of heart disease of Pregnancy was 44.5%. The severity level of stress was found in the age group of 25-30 years, obese women, urban areas and women who were in their first trimester, Multigravida and who had a history still birth/birth defects. Statistically significant correlation was found between stress levels and age, education, occupation, income, obesity and residence. There is substantial evidence that heart disease with pregnancy is risk factors for adverse stress outcomes for mothers. More specifically, heart disease with pregnancy is associated with severe level of stress.

scholarly journals A study of metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome at tertiary care center

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 2427
Author(s):  
Chelsae Kuntal ◽  
Jyotsna Vyas ◽  
Asha Chaudhary ◽  
Sunita Hemani ◽  
Lata Rajoria
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Hormonal Profile ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age with prevalence of 6-10% which is characterized by hyper androgenic features and chronic oligo – anovulation and polycystic ovary morphology. Most women with polycystic ovary syndrome are also characterized by metabolic abnormalities like insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia and abdominal obesity, these forming risk factors for metabolic syndrome. The objective of the study was to compare the clinical, biochemical and hormonal profile of polycystic ovary syndrome patients with and without metabolic syndrome.Methods: A comparative cross- sectional study was undertaken on 79 PCOS women diagnosed with PCOS according to Rotterdam criteria, in which the clinical data and hormonal profile of two groups of polycystic ovary syndrome women with and without metabolic syndrome was compared.Results: The mean age of 79 patients in this study group with and without metabolic syndrome was 26.17±3.18 and 25.57±3.41 years respectively. There were more patients from urban areas as compared to rural areas and maximum patients. Significantly higher number of PCOS women with metabolic syndrome had hirsutism and acanthosis nigricans than those without metabolic syndrome. Mean value of Waist circumference, systolic BP pressure, diastolic BP, S. Triglyceride and fasting glucose were higher and HDL levels were lower in women with metabolic syndrome than those without metabolic syndrome. Fasting insulin and HOMA-IR values were significantly higher in PCOS women with metabolic syndrome in comparison to those without metabolic syndrome.Conclusion: PCOS is not only is the most frequent cause of anovulation, but it is also associated with characteristic metabolic disturbances that may have important implications for the long term health. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of endocrine disturbances, including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, obesity, and hypertension. It is associated with a two-fold increased risk of cardiovascular disease and a five-fold increased risk of type 2 diabetes. This illustrates the importance of early detection of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome with subsequent application of preventive measures in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

scholarly journals The Investigation of the Use of Prealbumin as a Tool for Nutritional Assessment in Adults Coinfected with HIV and Intestinal Helminth Parasites in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. T. Mkhize ◽  
M. H. L. Mabaso ◽  
S. Madurai ◽  
Z. L. Mkhize-Kwitshana
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Intestinal Helminths ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Kwazulu Natal

Serum prealbumin is considered to be as important as albumin in the nutritional status assessment. However, there is relatively little evidence of its advantage over the commonly used albumin. This study investigated the use of prealbumin compared to albumin as a marker of nutritional status in adults singly and dually infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and intestinal helminths, with or without inflammatory conditions, in different body mass index (BMI) categories. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a periurban setting in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression models were fitted to investigate the effect of prealbumin and albumin in nutritional assessment among HIV and helminth individuals with or without inflammation, indicated by elevated and normal C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. In normal CRP, albumin was significantly lower in unadjusted BMI [RRR = 0.8, p = 0.001] and in normal weight [RRR = 0.7, p = 0.003] and overweight [RRR = 0.5, p = 0.001] participants. In elevated CRP, albumin was significantly lower [RRR = 0.8, p = 0.050] and prealbumin was significantly higher in unadjusted BMI [RRR = 1.2, p = 0.034] and overweight [RRR = 1.4, p = 0.052] individuals. The current study found that prealbumin can differentiate between inflammation-induced reduction of albumin and true malnutrition in adults singly or coinfected with HIV and intestinal helminths in the presence or absence of inflammation in various BMI categories.

scholarly journals Are Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns Born to Obese Women at Increased Risk of Cerebral Palsy at 2 Years?

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelske W. van der Burg ◽  
T. Michael O’Shea ◽  
Karl Kuban ◽  
Elizabeth N. Allred ◽  
Nigel Paneth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Prepregnancy Body Mass Index ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Risk Ratios ◽  
Multicenter Prospective Cohort

The authors hypothesized that the risk of cerebral palsy at 2 years in children born extremely preterm to overweight and obese women is increased relative to the risk among children born to neither overweight nor obese women. In a multicenter prospective cohort study, the authors created multinomial logistic regression models of the risk of diparetic, quadriparetic, and hemiparetic cerebral palsy that included the prepregnancy body mass index of mothers of 1014 children born extremely preterm, cerebral palsy diagnoses of children at 2 years, as well as information about potential confounders. Overweight and obese women were not at increased risk of giving birth to a child who had cerebral palsy. The risk ratios associated with overweight varied between 1.1 for quadriparesis (95% CI = 0.5, 2.1) to 2.0 for hemiparesis (95% CI = 0.4, 9.8). The risk ratios associated with obesity varied between 0.7 for diparesis (95% CI = 0.2, 2.5) to 2.5 for hemiparesis (95% CI = 0.4, 13).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document