scholarly journals Are Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns Born to Obese Women at Increased Risk of Cerebral Palsy at 2 Years?

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelske W. van der Burg ◽  
T. Michael O’Shea ◽  
Karl Kuban ◽  
Elizabeth N. Allred ◽  
Nigel Paneth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Prepregnancy Body Mass Index ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Risk Ratios ◽  
Multicenter Prospective Cohort

The authors hypothesized that the risk of cerebral palsy at 2 years in children born extremely preterm to overweight and obese women is increased relative to the risk among children born to neither overweight nor obese women. In a multicenter prospective cohort study, the authors created multinomial logistic regression models of the risk of diparetic, quadriparetic, and hemiparetic cerebral palsy that included the prepregnancy body mass index of mothers of 1014 children born extremely preterm, cerebral palsy diagnoses of children at 2 years, as well as information about potential confounders. Overweight and obese women were not at increased risk of giving birth to a child who had cerebral palsy. The risk ratios associated with overweight varied between 1.1 for quadriparesis (95% CI = 0.5, 2.1) to 2.0 for hemiparesis (95% CI = 0.4, 9.8). The risk ratios associated with obesity varied between 0.7 for diparesis (95% CI = 0.2, 2.5) to 2.5 for hemiparesis (95% CI = 0.4, 13).

Screen time exposure and reporting of headaches in young adults: A cross-sectional study

Cephalalgia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1020-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Montagni ◽  
Elie Guichard ◽  
Claire Carpenet ◽  
Christophe Tzourio ◽  
Tobias Kurth
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Migraine Headache ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Time Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk

Objective The objective of this article is to investigate whether excessive screen time exposure is associated with non-migraine headache and migraine in young adults. Background Increased levels of television time have been associated with increased risk of headache. However, time spent using newer electronic devices with a screen (smartphone, tablet) has not been examined yet. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among 4927 participants of the French i-Share cohort. Demographic characteristics, screen time exposure (computers, tablets, smartphones and television) as well as headache/migraine symptoms were recorded in a standardized questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between screen time exposure and headache status. Results Participants had a mean age of 20.8 years and 75.5% were female. The multivariable model showed that students in the highest screen time exposure quintile had an increased risk for migraine. The odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) was 1.37 (1.14 to 1.66) for migraine when compared with students without headache and with low screen time exposure. This association was somewhat stronger for migraine without aura (OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.89). We found no significant association between screen time exposure and non-migraine headache. Conclusion High levels of screen time exposure are associated with migraine in young adults. No significant association was found with non-migraine headache.

scholarly journals Sex-Specific Association Between Socioeconomic Status, Lifestyle, and the Risk of Frailty Among the Elderly in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huai-yu Wang ◽  
Mufan Zhang ◽  
Xiaojing Sun
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Healthy Longevity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Specific Association

Background: Lifestyle contributors to frailty among the elderly were previously reported in the developed Western countries, while evidence from the less developed East Asian regions was still lacking. Due to the well-acknowledged sex-based disparity of frailty and sex-difference of socioeconomic status and lifestyle, it is worth investigating the sex-specific association between the social and behavioral contributors and the risk of frailty among the East Asian longevous population.Methods: The present study was an observational study based on the four waves of interviews of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) from 2008 to 2018. The participants aged ≥65 years and without frailty at baseline were included. Fried criteria (exhaustion, shrink, weakness, low mobility, and inactivity) were adopted to identify the incidence of frailty (≥3 domains) and pre-frailty (1–2 domains) during the follow-up. The sex-specific association between lifestyle (smoke status, drinking status, food intake, sleep, exercise, and physical activity) and the risk of incident pre-frailty and frailty was analyzed using the multinomial logistic regression models.Results: Altogether, 3,327 participants aged 81.2 ± 10.3 (range 65–116) years were included. In total, 964 (29.0%) and 1,249 (37.5%) participants were recognized as having incident pre-frailty and frailty, respectively. Older women were disproportionately uneducated, frequently did housework and labor work, but seldom did exercise. Men had diverse dietary and recreational activities but were frequently exposed to tobacco and alcohol. The protective effects of higher income, exercise, doing housework, and daily intake of fresh fruits/vegetables were found in both the sexes (P < 0.05). Sleep disorders (odds ratio [OR] = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.28–3.62) and labor work (OR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.42–3.33) were associated with the increased risk of frailty among women. For men, diverse dietary (four types of food added: OR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.09–0.50) showed a protective effect on the risk of frailty, but daily intake of pickled vegetables showed the opposite effect (OR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.12–3.07).Conclusion: Socioeconomic status, lifestyle, and the association with the risk of frailty showed substantial difference between the sexes among the longevous population in China. To establish the individualized strategy of behavioral improvement for the frailty prevention should consider the sex disparity.

scholarly journals Homelessness and incarceration among psychiatric patients in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 3719-3733
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Souto Melo ◽  
Eduardo de Paula Lima ◽  
Fabiana Cristina Ribeiro de Barros ◽  
Lidyane do Valle Camelo ◽  
Mark Drew Crosland Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Multiple Sex Partners ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitalizations ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Psychiatric patients are at increased risk of adverse life events, such as being incarcerated and homelessness in their life course. Using data from a cross-sectional multicenter study of 2,475 patients selected from 26 mental health services in Brazil, we examined the association of sociodemographic, clinical, behavioral, and adverse life characteristics with history of homelessness, incarceration or their co-occurrence during lifetime. Odds ratios were obtained by multinomial logistic regression models. The prevalence of homelessness, incarceration and co-occurrence of these two conditions were 8.6%, 16.4%, and 9.4%, respectively. Lower income, living in unstable condition, intellectual disability, and cigarette smoking were associated with homelessness. Being male, lower schooling, sex under effect of alcohol or drugs, and multiple sex partners were associated with incarceration. Psychiatric hospitalizations, substance use, and history of sexually transmitted diseases, and sexual, physical, or verbal violence were associated with co-occurrence of both conditions. Our findings suggest that incarceration and homelessness are very prevalent and correlated in psychiatric patients in Brazil. Many of the associated factors are potentially modifiable, and may act synergistically requiring integrated care.

Individual- and community-level factors associated with underweight and overweight among women of reproductive age in Bangladesh: a multilevel analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
S. M. Mostafa Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract The co-existence of under- and overweight at population level around the globe is well documented. However, this has yet to be explored using suitable statistical techniques in the context of Bangladesh. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and risk factors for being underweight and overweight or obese compared with normal weight in ever-married non-pregnant women aged 15–49 years in Bangladesh using data from the most recent Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2014. Multilevel multinomial logistic regression (MLMLR) and quantile regression models were fitted to examine the associations of socioeconomic and individual-, household- and community-level factors on the nutritional status of women as measured by BMI. Overall, the prevalences of underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese women were 19%, 58%, 19% and 4%, respectively, in 2014. The MLMLR analysis revealed that women of young age, widowed/divorced/separated, having a larger family size and children aged ≤5 years in the household, currently amenorrhoeic and members of non-government organizations were at significantly increased risk of being underweight; those of older age, having higher parity, more educated, frequently watched TV and non-poor were more likely to be overweight or obese relative to normal BMI. Women from more affluent communities and urban areas were more likely to be overweight or obese relative to normal BMI than their counterparts from less-affluent and rural communities. Women’s nutritional status was found to be heterogeneous across the regions of the country. The findings indicate that, along with individual-level factors, community-level characteristics are also important in explaining women’s BMI in Bangladesh. The issue of under- and overweight or obesity among women in Bangladesh requires the immediate adoption of a public health policy for its mitigation. When developing intervention programmes, important determinants and uniform development of regions should be taken into consideration to combat the dual burden of under- and overweight among women in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Baseline neurocognitive impairment (NCI) is associated with incident frailty but baseline frailty does not predict incident NCI in older persons with HIV

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Clare Masters ◽  
Jeremiah Perez ◽  
Kunling Wu ◽  
Ronald Ellis ◽  
Karl Goodkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Neurocognitive Impairment ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Normal Cognitive Function ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Aids Clinical Trials ◽  
Baseline Covariates

Abstract Background Neurocognitive impairment (NCI) and frailty are more prevalent among persons with HIV (PWH) compared to those without HIV. Frailty and NCI often overlap with one another. Whether frailty precedes declines in neurocognitive function among PWH or vice versa has not been well-established. Setting AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) A5322 is an observational cohort study of older PWH. Participants undergo annual assessments for NCI and frailty. Methods ACTG A5322 participants who developed NCI as indexed by tests of impaired executive functioning and processing speed during the first 3 years were compared to persons who maintained normal cognitive function; those who demonstrated resolution of NCI were compared to those who had persistent NCI. Participants were similarly compared by frailty trajectory. We fit multinomial logistic regression models to assess associations between baseline covariates (including NCI) and frailty, and associations between baseline covariates (including frailty) and NCI. Results 929 participants were included with a median age of 51 years (IQR 46-56). At study entry, 16% had NCI and 6% were frail. Over 3 years, 6% of participants developed NCI; 5% developed frailty. NCI was associated with development of frailty (odds ratio [OR]=2.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.94, 4.48; p=0.07). Further adjustment for confounding strengthened this association (OR=2.79; 95% CI=1.21, 6.43; p=0.02). Baseline frailty however was not associated with NCI development. Conclusions NCI was associated with increased risk of frailty, but frailty was not associated with development of NCI. These findings suggest that the presence of NCI in PWH should prompt monitoring for the development of frailty and interventions to prevent frailty in this population.

scholarly journals Polycystic ovary syndrome and extremely preterm birth: A nationwide register-based study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246743
Author(s):  
Heiddis Valgeirsdottir ◽  
Inger Sundström Poromaa ◽  
Theodora Kunovac Kallak ◽  
Eszter Vanky ◽  
Tansim Akhter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Spontaneous Onset ◽  
Extremely Preterm Birth

Introduction Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have increased risk of pregnancy complications, including preterm birth before 37 weeks. However, if this increased risk also includes extremely preterm births (<28 weeks) is unknown. Such information is important to identify women at risk and tailor antenatal care, since child morbidity and mortality become more prevalent with increasing prematurity. Aims To investigate the association between PCOS and extremely preterm birth, and whether onset of PCOS-related preterm birth is predominantly spontaneous or medically indicated. Material and methods This was a nationwide register-based cohort study in Sweden. The study population was all live singleton births registered in the Swedish Medical Birth Register 2005–2014 (n = 1 046 448). Women with and without PCOS were compared by severity of preterm birth [extremely (22+0 to 27+6 weeks), very (28+0 to 31+6 weeks) and moderately (32+0 to 36+6 weeks)] and delivery onset mode (spontaneous or medically indicated). Multinomial logistic regression was performed to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Adjustments were made for maternal age, parity, body mass index, smoking, country of birth and year of delivery. Results During the study period, 1.3% of the women giving birth had PCOS diagnosis. They had an overall higher preterm birth rate than women without PCOS (6.7% and 4.8%, respectively). Women with PCOS had increased odds of preterm birth of all severities, with the highest odds for extremely preterm birth (aOR 2.3; 95% CI 1.7–3.0), particularly of spontaneous onset (aOR 2.7; 95% CI 2.0–3.6). Conclusions Women with PCOS had more than a two-fold increased risk of extremely preterm birth with spontaneous onset than women without such diagnosis. This can be important in antenatal risk assessment of preterm birth in women with PCOS. Future research is warranted to investigate the biological mechanisms behind preterm birth in women with PCOS.

scholarly journals Positive Affect and Multiple-tobacco Product Use among Youth: A 3-year Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 849-855
Author(s):  
Dale S. Mantey ◽  
Stephanie L. Clendennen ◽  
Aslesha Sumbe ◽  
Anna V. Wilkinson ◽  
Melissa B. Harrell
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tenth Grade ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Objectives: Multiple-tobacco product (MTP) use is common among adolescent tobacco users. Low positive affect is a risk factor for e-cigarette use and combustible tobacco smoking. In this study, we examine the longitudinal relationship between positive affect and MTP use in a diverse cohort of adolescents in Texas. Methods: We analyzed 6 waves of biennial data (fall 2014-spring 2017) from the Texas Adolescent Tobacco and Marketing Surveillance (TATAMS) system. Participants were 3868 sixth-, eighth-, and tenth-grade students in urban Texas, at enrollment. Multinomial logistic regression models examined the longitudinal relationship between positive affect and categories of MTP use, controlling for sex, race/ethnicity, past 30-day alcohol use, cohort, survey wave, and peer tobacco use. Results: The sample was comprised of 4.6% single-product users, 1.7% dual-users, and 0.7% poly-users. Each unit decrease in positive affect was associated with increased risk for single- (RRR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.16-1.44), dual- (RRR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.11-1.64), and poly- (RRR: 1.98; 95% CI: 1.54-2.54) use, relative to non-use. Similarly, each unit decrease in positive affect was also associated with increased risk for poly-tobacco use relative to single- (RRR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.19-1.97) and dual- (RRR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.11-1.95) use. Positive affect did not differentiate between single- and dual-use. Conclusion: We observed a gradient relationship between low positive affect and greater number of tobacco products used. Findings reinforce the association between poor mental health and tobacco use during adolescence. Prevention efforts may need to incorporate methods of addressing low positive affect.

scholarly journals Neurodesenvolvimento de Grandes Prematuros ou Recém-Nascidos com Muito Baixo Peso: Comparação de Gémeos Monocoriónicos e Bicoriónicos com Recém-Nascidos de Gestação Unifetal

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelaide Taborda ◽  
Guiomar Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Monochorionic Twins ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Delay ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction: Twins are associated with a delayed development and cerebral palsy. The purpose of this work was to compare the neurologic morbidity in very preterm or very low birth weight dichorionic and monochorionic twins with singletons.Material and Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of livebirths lowest through 32 weeks of gestation or very low weight infants admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a level III hospital, between 2006 and 2010. Development was evaluated with the Growing Skills II Scale at 24 months of age. Cerebral palsy was defined by predetermined criteria by Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe. Infants were analyzed as twins and singletons cohort. Within the twin category the infants were further separated as dichorionic and monochorionic and were compared with singletons infants. Logistic regression models were used to control for demographic and clinical factors.Results: The cohort of infants who were assessed for neurodevelopmental impaired, consisted of 194 singletons infants and 89twins (50 dichorionic; 39 monochorionic). Monochorionic twins, when compared with the singletons, showed an increased risk of severe developmental delay in these areas: locomotion (adjusted OR 12.2) language (adjusted OR 6.5) and autonomy (adjusted OR 7.2). Cerebral palsy was diagnosed in 4.1% of singleton infants and 15.4% of monochorionic twins. The adjusted risk of severe developmental delay and cerebral palsy in monochorionic twins was 3.6 and 4.2, respectively.Discussion: This work showed higher rate of moderate and severe neurodevelopment delay including cerebral palsy in monochorionic twins compared to singletons infants. Analysis by groups stratified according to gestational age and comparison of monochorionic and dichorionic twins displayed the role of chorionicity for these neurodevelopmental disorders.Conclusions: In our sample the monochorionic twins are associated with an independent risk of neurodevelopmental delay.

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