Genes of the transforming growth factor-beta signalling pathway are associated with pre-implantation embryonic development in cattle

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geng Li ◽  
Karam Khateeb ◽  
Erin Schaeffer ◽  
Bao Zhang ◽  
Hasan Khatib
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Altered Expression

One of the main factors affecting cattle fertility is pre-implantation development of the bovine embryo, which is a complex process regulated by various signal-transduction pathways. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signalling system, which is responsible for many biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, also is involved in embryo development. We hypothesized that altered expression of TGF-β genes in pre-implantation bovine embryos is associated with morphological abnormalities of these embryos. To test this hypothesis, we produced embryos in vitro and classified them at the blastocyst stage as either normally developed blastocysts or degenerates (growth-arrested embryos). The expression patterns of 25 genes from the TGF-β pathway were assessed using quantitative real time PCR. Ten genes showed differential expression between the two embryo groups, four genes displayed similar expressional profiles, and 11 genes had no detectable expression. An altered expression profile was statistically significant for 10 of the 14 expressed genes, and all were up-regulated in degenerate embryos vs. blastocysts. Furthermore, genomic association analysis of the cows from which embryos were produced revealed a significant association of ID3 and BMP4 polymorphisms—two of the most significant differentially expressed genes—with fertilization rate and blastocyst rate, respectively. Taken together, we conclude that TGF-β pathway genes, especially BMP4 and ID3 play a vital function in the regulation of pre-implantation embryo development at both embryo and maternal levels. Hence, these genes may be suitable as genetic markers for embryo development and fertility in cattle.

During ontogeny primitive (CD34+CD38−) hematopoietic cells show altered expression of a subset of genes associated with early cytokine and differentiation responses of their adult counterparts

Blood ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 96 (13) ◽  
pp. 4160-4168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Il-Hoan Oh ◽  
Aster Lau ◽  
Connie J. Eaves
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Hematopoietic Cells ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Activated State

Abstract Comparison of gene expression profiles in closely related subpopulations of primitive hematopoietic cells offers a powerful first step to elucidating the molecular basis of their different biologic properties. Here we present the results of a comparative quantitative analysis of transcript levels for various growth factor receptors, ligands, and transcription factor genes in CD34+CD38− and CD34+CD38+ cells purified from first trimester human fetal liver, cord blood, and adult bone marrow (BM). In addition, adult BM CD34+CD38− cells were examined after short-term exposure to various growth factors in vitro. Transcripts for 19 of the 24 genes analyzed were detected in unmanipulated adult BM CD34+CD38− cells. Moreover, the levels of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), gp130, c-fos, and c-jun transcripts in these cells were consistently and significantly different (higher) than in all other populations analyzed, including phenotypically similar but biologically different cells from fetal or neonatal sources, as well as adult BM CD34+ cells still in G0 after 2 days of growth factor stimulation. We have thus identified a subset of early response genes whose expression in primitive human hematopoietic cells is differently regulated during ontogeny and in a fashion that is recapitulated in growth factor-stimulated adult BM CD34+CD38− cells, before their cell cycle progression and independent of their subsequent differentiation response. These findings suggest a progressive alteration in the physiology of primitive hematopoietic cells during development such that these cells initially display a partially “activated” state, which is not maximally repressed until after birth.

During ontogeny primitive (CD34+CD38−) hematopoietic cells show altered expression of a subset of genes associated with early cytokine and differentiation responses of their adult counterparts

Blood ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 96 (13) ◽  
pp. 4160-4168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Il-Hoan Oh ◽  
Aster Lau ◽  
Connie J. Eaves
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Hematopoietic Cells ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Activated State

Comparison of gene expression profiles in closely related subpopulations of primitive hematopoietic cells offers a powerful first step to elucidating the molecular basis of their different biologic properties. Here we present the results of a comparative quantitative analysis of transcript levels for various growth factor receptors, ligands, and transcription factor genes in CD34+CD38− and CD34+CD38+ cells purified from first trimester human fetal liver, cord blood, and adult bone marrow (BM). In addition, adult BM CD34+CD38− cells were examined after short-term exposure to various growth factors in vitro. Transcripts for 19 of the 24 genes analyzed were detected in unmanipulated adult BM CD34+CD38− cells. Moreover, the levels of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), gp130, c-fos, and c-jun transcripts in these cells were consistently and significantly different (higher) than in all other populations analyzed, including phenotypically similar but biologically different cells from fetal or neonatal sources, as well as adult BM CD34+ cells still in G0 after 2 days of growth factor stimulation. We have thus identified a subset of early response genes whose expression in primitive human hematopoietic cells is differently regulated during ontogeny and in a fashion that is recapitulated in growth factor-stimulated adult BM CD34+CD38− cells, before their cell cycle progression and independent of their subsequent differentiation response. These findings suggest a progressive alteration in the physiology of primitive hematopoietic cells during development such that these cells initially display a partially “activated” state, which is not maximally repressed until after birth.

scholarly journals The Regulatory Effects of Transforming Growth Factor-β on Nerve Regeneration

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiying Li ◽  
Xiaosong Gu ◽  
Sheng Yi
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
The Body ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Regulatory Effects

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) belongs to a group of pleiotropic cytokines that are involved in a variety of biological processes, such as inflammation and immune reactions, cellular phenotype transition, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. TGF-β is widely distributed throughout the body, including the nervous system. Following injury to the nervous system, TGF-β regulates the behavior of neurons and glial cells and thus mediates the regenerative process. In the current article, we reviewed the production, activation, as well as the signaling pathway of TGF-β. We also described altered expression patterns of TGF-β in the nervous system after nerve injury and the regulatory effects of TGF-β on nerve repair and regeneration in many aspects, including inflammation and immune response, phenotypic modulation of neural cells, neurite outgrowth, scar formation, and modulation of neurotrophic factors. The diverse biological actions of TGF-β suggest that it may become a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of nerve injury and regeneration.

Sealed culture system for supporting mouse preimplantation embryo development in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Jie Liu ◽  
Zhao Wang ◽  
Zhen Gao ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Jianfeng Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Preimplantation Embryo Development ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Α

This study investigated the possibility of a sealed culture system in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tubes to maintain embryo development. The embryo density that could support the development of 2-cell stage mouse embryos to the hatching stage was determined. At an embryo density of 1:2 (100 embryos cultured in 200μL CZB medium that had been pretreated with a reference gas containing 5% O2), the developmental rate was higher and fewer embryos exhibited reactive oxygen species- or hypoxia-induced injury compared with other sealed culture groups. Expression of growth factors (insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1, IGF2, epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-α) and their receptors was evaluated, with similar expression patterns seen for embryos in sealed culture (5% O2, embryo density of 1:2) compared with the control group (embryos cultured in microdrops and placed in a 37°C, 5% CO2 water-jacketed incubator; P>0.05). After transfer of blastocysts generated by the sealed culture into recipients, there were no obvious differences in the rate of normal live pups births between the sealed culture and control groups (P>0.05). Thus, the sealed embryo culture system in PCR tubes is feasible for use in situations which cannot use a traditional incubator, such as in space and during the transport of embryos.

Transforming growth factor-β superfamily and interferon-τ in ovarian function and embryo development in female cattle: review of biology and application

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. D'Occhio ◽  
Giuseppe Campanile ◽  
Pietro S. Baruselli
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Primary Follicle ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Female Cattle

Survival of the embryo and establishment of a pregnancy is a critical period in the reproductive function of female cattle. This review examines how the transforming growth factor-β (TGFB) superfamily (i.e. bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 15, growth differentiation factor (GDF) 9, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH)) and interferon-τ (IFNT) affect ovarian function and embryo development. The oocyte in a primary follicle secretes BMP15 and GDF9, which, together, organise the surrounding granulosa and theca cells into the oocyte–cumulus–follicle complex. At the same time, the granulosa secretes AMH, which affects the oocyte. This autocrine–paracrine dialogue between the oocyte and somatic cells continues throughout follicle development and is fundamental in establishing the fertilisation potential and embryo developmental competency of oocytes. The early bovine embryo secretes IFNT, which acts at the uterine endometrium, corpus luteum and blood leucocytes. IFNT is involved in the maternal recognition of pregnancy and immunomodulation to prevent rejection of the embryo, and supports progesterone secretion. Manipulation of BMP15, GDF9, AMH and IFNT in both invivo and invitro studies has confirmed their importance in reproductive function in female cattle. This review makes the case that a deeper understanding of the biology of BMP15, GDF9, AMH and IFNT will lead to new strategies to increase embryo survival and improve fertility in cattle. The enhancement of oocyte quality, early embryo development and implantation is considered necessary for the next step change in the efficiency of natural and assisted reproduction in cattle.

Effect of exogenous transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) on early bovine embryo development

Zygote ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio D. Barrera ◽  
Elina V. García ◽  
Dora C. Miceli
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β1 ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Early Action ◽  
Tgf Β1

SummaryDuring preimplantation development, embryos are exposed and have the capacity to respond to different growth factors present in the maternal environment. Among these factors, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is a well known modulator of embryonic growth and development. However, its action during the first stages of development, when the embryo transits through the oviduct, has not been yet elucidated. The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of early exposure to exogenous TGF-β1 on embryo development and expression of pluripotency (OCT4, NANOG) and DNA methylation (DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B) genes in bovine embryos produced in vitro. First, gene expression analysis of TGF-β receptors confirmed a stage-specific expression pattern, showing greater mRNA abundance of TGFBR1 and TGFBR2 from the 2- to the 8-cell stage, before embryonic genome activation. Second, embryo culture for the first 48 h in serum-free CR1aa medium supplemented with 50 or 100 ng/ml recombinant TGF-β1 did not affect the cleavage and blastocyst rate (days 7 and 8). However, RT-qPCR analysis showed a significant increase in the relative abundance of NANOG and DNMT3A in the 8-cell stage embryos and expanded blastocysts (day 8) derived from TGF-β1 treated embryos. These results suggest an early action of exogenous TGF-β1 on the bovine embryo, highlighting the importance to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the role of TGF-β signalling during early embryogenesis.

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