Is Opisthorchis viverrini an avian liver fluke?

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Nawa ◽  
P.N. Doanh ◽  
U. Thaenkham
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Liver Fluke ◽  
First Record ◽  
Opisthorchis Viverrini ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Domestic Ducks ◽  
Liver Flukes

AbstractRecently, in the Journal of Helminthology (May 2013), Dao et al. reported that Opisthorchis viverrini-like flukes were found in the bile duct of domestic ducks in Vietnam. They stated that this is the first record of Opisthorchis sp. in birds in Vietnam. However, three Opisthorchis species – O. cheelis, O. longissimus and O. parageminus – in birds in Vietnam were described by Le in 2000. Amongst these, O. parageminus was first reported, by Oshmarin in 1970, as a new Opisthorchis species found in domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) in Vietnam. Morphologially O. viverrini-like flukes described by Dao et al. are much more similar to O. parageminus than to O. viverrini. The phylogenetic trees of internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) gene sequences also showed that the O. viverrini-like liver flukes from domestic ducks were closer to O. lobatus than to O. viverrini. Therefore, O. viverrini-like liver flukes reported by Dao et al. (2013) are most likely to be O. parageminus.

Opisthorchis viverrini-like liver fluke in birds from Vietnam: morphological variability and rDNA/mtDNA sequence confirmation

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.H. Dao ◽  
T.G. Nguyen ◽  
B. Victor ◽  
S. Gabriël ◽  
P. Dorny
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Liver Fluke ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Opisthorchis Viverrini ◽  
Domestic Ducks ◽  
Central Vietnam ◽  
Mtdna Sequence ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

AbstractFlukes were found in the bile ducts of domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), necropsied in the Binh Dinh province of Central Vietnam. Following staining, morphological characteristics of the bird flukes were compatible with Opisthorchis viverrini, although some characteristics differed from those described in specimens collected from mammal hosts. Computation of the phylogenetic trees on the partial sequences of the second internal ribosomal spacer (ITS2) of the ribosomal DNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) markers of the mitochondrial DNA showed close similarity of the ‘bird’ Opisthorchis sp. with O. viverrini. We speculate that these bird flukes are O. viverrini that show intraspecies morphological and molecular variability compared to isolates from mammals. This demonstrates the complex epidemiological situation of opisthorchiasis in Vietnam and urges investigations on the potential of birds as a reservoir host of this zoonotic fluke.

scholarly journals Cytokine/Chemokine Secretion and Proteomic Identification of Upregulated Annexin A1 from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Cocultured with the Liver Fluke Opisthorchis viverrini

2014 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 2135-2147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuttanan Hongsrichan ◽  
Kitti Intuyod ◽  
Porntip Pinlaor ◽  
Jarinya Khoontawad ◽  
Puangrat Yongvanit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Opisthorchis Viverrini ◽  
Annexin A1 ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Liver Flukes

ABSTRACTWe investigated the cytokine/chemokine secretions and alteration of protein expression from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) cocultured with adult liver flukes (Opisthorchis viverrini) for 6 to 24 h. PBMC-derived proteins were identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, and the cytokines/chemokines in the supernatant were assessed using a cytokine array. Exposure toO. viverriniinduced increases in secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, costimulating protein, adhesion molecules, and chemotactic chemokines relative to untreated controls. In contrast, secretion of the CD40 ligand, interleukin 16, and macrophage inflammatory protein 1β decreased. Proteomic analysis revealed that expression of 48 proteins was significantly altered in PBMCs stimulated withO. viverrini. Annexin A1 (ANXA1) was selected for further study, and immunoblotting showed upregulation of ANXA1 expression in PBMCs after 12 and 24 h coculture with liver flukes. In anin vivostudy, transcription and translation of ANXA1 significantly increased in livers of hamsters infected withO. viverriniat 21 days and from 3 months onwards compared to normal controls. Interestingly, immunohistochemistry revealed that ANXA1 was present not only in the cytoplasm of inflammatory cells but also in the cytoplasm of cholangiocytes, which are in close contact with the parasite and its excretory/secretory products in the biliary system. Expression of ANXA1 increased with time concomitant with bile duct enlargement, bile duct formation, and epithelial cell proliferation. In conclusion, several cytokines/chemokines secreted by PBMCs and upregulation of ANXA1 in PBMCs and biliary epithelial cells might have a role in host defense againstO. viverriniinfection and tissue resolution of inflammation.

scholarly journals Structure and characterization of the ribosomal transcription units of small liver flukes, Opisthorchis viverrini, O. Felineus and Clonorchis sinensis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-447
Author(s):  
Le Thanh Hoa ◽  
Nguyen Thi Bich Nga ◽  
Doan Thi Thanh Huong ◽  
Le Thi Kim Xuyen ◽  
Nguyen Thi Khue
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Liver Fluke ◽  
Clonorchis Sinensis ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Nucleotide Sequences ◽  
Opisthorchis Viverrini ◽  
The Family ◽  
Liver Flukes ◽  
Family Classification

Opisthorchiasis is a zoonotic parasitic infection caused by small liver fluke species, Opisthorchis viverrini,O. felineus and Clonorchis sinensis, in the family Opisthorchiidae. Vietnam has both species, of which C.sinensis is distributed in the northern and O. viverrini in the central provinces. In addition to the mitochondrialgenomes, the ribosomal DNA sequences (rDNA) of these species are highly needed to obtain for providingmolecular markers in species identification, classification, phylogeny and evolutionary studies. In this study,the near/complete nucleotide sequences of ribosomal transcription units (rTU) from O. viverrini (Vietnamesesample), O. felineus (Russian sample) and C. sinensis (Vietnamese sample) were analyzed. All rTUs for threespecies were determined, which is 7,839 bp for O. viverrini, 6,948 bp for O. felineus and 7,296 bp for C.sinensis containing structures of 18S, ITS1, 5,8S, ITS2 and 28S. The IGS region was not obtained for all threespecies. In all three species, sequence analysis revealed 2 tandem repetitive elements of 47-48 bp/each in ITS1but not in ITS2. The nucleotide sequences of 18S, ITS1, ITS2 and 28S are valuable ribosomal markers that thisstudy provides for diagnosis, identification, taxonomic classification and population genetics. In conclusion,the rTU sequences for the three species of the family Opisthorchiidae have been identified and providesmolecular markers for the use of phylogenetic analysis for species/family classification in the superfamilyOpisthorchioidea and the class Trematoda.

scholarly journals Helminth infection-induced carcinogenesis: spectrometric insights from the liver flukes, Opisthorchis and Fasciola

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria João Gouveia ◽  
Maria Y. Pakharukova ◽  
Banchob Sripa ◽  
Gabriel Rinaldi ◽  
Paul J. Brindley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Adducts ◽  
Liver Fluke ◽  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Clonorchis Sinensis ◽  
Opisthorchis Viverrini ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Liver Flukes ◽  
Group 1

AbstractChronic infections with the flatworm parasites Opisthorchis viverrini, Clonorchis sinensis and Schistosoma haematobium are classified as group 1 biological carcinogens, i.e. definitive causes of cancer. In addition, we reported findings that support the inclusion of Opisthorchis felineus in this list of biological carcinogens. By contrast, infections with close phylogenetic relatives including Fasciola hepatica have not been associated with carcinogenesis. Earlier reports revealed of oxysterol metabolites of Opisthorchis liver fluke origin conjugated with DNA bases, suggesting that the generation of these DNA-adducts may underlie the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of the infection with these food-borne pathogens. Here we employed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to investigate, compare and contrast spectrograms of soluble extracts from F. hepatica adult worms from bile ducts of cattle with those from O. viverrini and O. felineus from experimentally-infected hamsters. F. hepatica displayed a complex spectrophotometric profile. F. hepatica and Opisthorchis spp. shared several common compounds including oxysterol-like metabolites, bile acids and DNA-adducts, but the spectrometric profiles of these Opisthorchis species included far fewer compounds than F. hepatica. These findings support the postulate that oxysterol-like metabolites of parasite origin can initiate carcinogenesis and they point to a molecular basis for the inconsistencies among major groups of liver flukes concerning infection-induced malignancy.Author SummarySeveral species of trematodes are parasites of the human hepatobiliary tract. Infection with two of these flukes, Clonorchis sinsensis and Opisthorchis viverrini, fresh water fish-borne parasites that occur in East Asia is classified as group 1 carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), i.e. definitive causes of cancer in humans. By contrast, infection with a different liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, does not lead to malignant transformation of the biliary tract. Given the close phylogeny of all three parasites, this difference in carcinogenicity is intriguing and, if explained, likely of value in novel therapeutic approaches. The importance of the current findings is informative because they present a mass spectrometric analysis and catalog of the similarities and differences between fluke of the genus Opisthorchis and F. hepatica, potentially identifying carcinogenic metabolites of liver fluke origin. These metabolites can be expected to provide deeper understanding of helminth infection induced malignancy.

scholarly journals Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting an Opisthorchis viverrini Extracellular Vesicle Tetraspanin Protect Hamsters against Challenge Infection

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 740
Author(s):  
Wuttipong Phumrattanaprapin ◽  
Mark Pearson ◽  
Darren Pickering ◽  
Bemnet Tedla ◽  
Michael Smout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Bile Duct ◽  
Subunit Vaccine ◽  
Liver Fluke ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
Opisthorchis Viverrini ◽  
Human Bile ◽  
A Subunit ◽  
Fluke Infection ◽  
Liver Fluke Infection

Opisthorchis viverrini causes severe pathology in the bile ducts of infected human hosts, and chronic infection can culminate in bile duct cancer. The prevention of infection by vaccination would decrease opisthorchiasis-induced morbidity and mortality. The tetraspanin protein, Ov-TSP-2, is located on the membrane of secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), and is a candidate antigen for inclusion in a subunit vaccine. To address the role of anti-Ov-TSP-2 antibodies in protection, we assessed the protective capacity of anti-Ov-TSP-2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against opisthorchiasis. Two anti-TSP-2 IgM mAbs, 1D6 and 3F5, and an isotype control were passively transferred to hamsters, followed by parasite challenge one day later. Hamsters that received 3F5 had 74.5% fewer adult flukes and 67.4% fewer eggs per gram of feces compared to hamsters that received the control IgM. Both 1D6 and 3F5 (but not the control IgM) blocked the uptake of fluke EVs by human bile duct epithelial cells in vitro. This is the first report of passive immunization against human liver fluke infection, and the findings portend the feasibility of antibody-directed therapies for liver fluke infection, bolstering the selection of TSPs as components of a subunit vaccine for opisthorchiasis and fluke infections generally.

scholarly journals A comparative study of Helicobacter pylori infection in hamsters experimentally infected with liver flukes Opisthorchis felineus, Opisthorchis viverrini, or Clonorchis sinensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Y. Pakharukova ◽  
Oxana Zaparina ◽  
Sung-Jong Hong ◽  
Banchob Sripa ◽  
Viatcheslav A. Mordvinov
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Liver Fluke ◽  
Clonorchis Sinensis ◽  
Gene Copy Number ◽  
Opisthorchis Viverrini ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Associated Malignancy ◽  
Liver Flukes

AbstractHelicobacter pylori causes a wide range of human diseases including cancer. Carcinogenic foodborne trematodes Opisthorchis viverrini, Clonorchis sinensis, and O. felineus might promote transmission and spread of H. pylori infection in the definitive mammalian host, which in turn might contribute to the liver fluke-associated malignancy. Our objectives were to find out whether liver flukes O. felineus, O. viverrini, and C. sinensis are carriers of Helicobacter pylori and to determine whether H. pylori is present in feces, bile, and stomach samples from the experimentally infected hamsters. We found that liver flukes are not reservoirs of H. pylori. Nevertheless, the prevalence of H. pylori and the H. pylori ureA gene copy number were significantly elevated after the infection. Overall, although the liver flukes O. felineus, C. sinensis, and O. viverrini are not reservoirs of H. pylori, the infection with the liver flukes significantly modifies the biliary and gut microbiota by increasing H. pylori abundance. This may be a feature of any liver fluke pathogenesis that have not previously been taken into account. Our findings appear to be novel in terms of comparative assessment of the host microbiota and Helicobacter abundance during epidemiologically important liver fluke infections.

Comparison of microRNA (MiRNA) expression profiles between opisthorchis viverrini-associated cholangiocarcinoma (OV-CCA) and non-opisthorchis viverrini-associated cholangiocarcinoma (non-OV CCA).

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 206-206
Author(s):  
Suebpong Tanasanvimon ◽  
Asif Rashid ◽  
Sopit Wongkham ◽  
Chaitanya Churi ◽  
Zhimin Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Liver Fluke ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Opisthorchis Viverrini ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Mirna Expression Profiles

206 Background: Cholangiocarcinoma in Thailand and Laos is associated with the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini (OV). Molecular differences between OV-CCA and Non-OV CCA remain to be defined. MiRNAs are regulators of mRNA that result in transcriptional repression or gene silencing. MiRNA profiles of OV vs. non-OV CCA have not yet been studied. Methods: 50 OV-CCA and 16 non-OV CCA pathological samples were obtained from Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Center, Khonkaen University, Thailand and University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), USA, respectively. Macrodissected common bile duct samples from MDACC were used as control groups. Global miRNA expression profiling was performed using the miRCURY LNA microRNA Array (Exiqon).qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization (ISH) were used to validate the miRNAs noted to be significant on the microRNA array. Results: Ten samples of OV and non-OV CCA were analyzed for global miRNA expression; 46 were used for validation. MiRNA microarray identified 71 miRNAs that were differentially expressed between OV-CCA and non-OV CCA (p<0.05). Of the 25 miRNAs with increased expression in OV-CCA, miR-141 and miR-200c were highly significant (p<0.01). These were overexpressed in OV-CCA as compared to control bile duct samples. The validation set on qRT-PCR showed significant miR-200c overexpression in 12 OV-CCA samples (p=0.02) and under expression in four non-OV CCA samples (p=0.006). ISH demonstrated miR-200c overexpression in 32 of 45 (71.1%) OV-CCA samples and 2 of 8 (25%) non-OV CCA samples. There was a trend toward better survival in OV-CCA patients with high miR-200c expression (9.5 vs 5.2 months, p=.08). Conclusions: MiRNA expression profiles differ between OV-CCA and non-OV CCA. MiR-200c was overexpressed in OV-CCA but under expressed in non-OV CCA. MiR-200C is known to repress epithelial-mesenchymal transition and its overexpression in OV-CCA may provide important insight into the distinct pathogenesis and prognosis of OV-CCA.

scholarly journals Distribution and recombination of Wolbachia endosymbionts in Korean coleopteran insects

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilsang Jeong ◽  
Taeman Han ◽  
Haechul Park ◽  
Soyeon Park ◽  
Pureum Noh
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Infection Frequency ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Endosymbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Molecular Machinery ◽  
Broad Scale

Abstract Background Wolbachia are among the most prevalent endosymbiotic bacteria and induce reproductive anomalies in various invertebrate taxa. The bacterium has huge impacts on host reproductive biology, immunity, evolution, and molecular machinery. However, broad-scale surveys of Wolbachia infections at the order scale, including the order Coleoptera, are limited. In this study, we investigated the Wolbachia infection frequency in 201 Coleopteran insects collected in Korea. Results A total of 26 species (12.8%) belonging to 11 families harbored Wolbachia. The phylogenetic trees of based on partial 16S rRNA gene sequences and partial Wolbachia surface protein (wsp) gene sequences were largely incongruent to that of their hosts. This result confirms that Wolbachia evolved independently from their hosts, Conclusion Phylogenetic trees suggest that complex horizontal gene transfer and recombination events occurred within and between divergent Wolbachia subgroups.

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