scholarly journals A comparative study of Helicobacter pylori infection in hamsters experimentally infected with liver flukes Opisthorchis felineus, Opisthorchis viverrini, or Clonorchis sinensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Y. Pakharukova ◽  
Oxana Zaparina ◽  
Sung-Jong Hong ◽  
Banchob Sripa ◽  
Viatcheslav A. Mordvinov
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Liver Fluke ◽  
Clonorchis Sinensis ◽  
Gene Copy Number ◽  
Opisthorchis Viverrini ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Associated Malignancy ◽  
Liver Flukes

AbstractHelicobacter pylori causes a wide range of human diseases including cancer. Carcinogenic foodborne trematodes Opisthorchis viverrini, Clonorchis sinensis, and O. felineus might promote transmission and spread of H. pylori infection in the definitive mammalian host, which in turn might contribute to the liver fluke-associated malignancy. Our objectives were to find out whether liver flukes O. felineus, O. viverrini, and C. sinensis are carriers of Helicobacter pylori and to determine whether H. pylori is present in feces, bile, and stomach samples from the experimentally infected hamsters. We found that liver flukes are not reservoirs of H. pylori. Nevertheless, the prevalence of H. pylori and the H. pylori ureA gene copy number were significantly elevated after the infection. Overall, although the liver flukes O. felineus, C. sinensis, and O. viverrini are not reservoirs of H. pylori, the infection with the liver flukes significantly modifies the biliary and gut microbiota by increasing H. pylori abundance. This may be a feature of any liver fluke pathogenesis that have not previously been taken into account. Our findings appear to be novel in terms of comparative assessment of the host microbiota and Helicobacter abundance during epidemiologically important liver fluke infections.

scholarly journals Structure and characterization of the ribosomal transcription units of small liver flukes, Opisthorchis viverrini, O. Felineus and Clonorchis sinensis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-447
Author(s):  
Le Thanh Hoa ◽  
Nguyen Thi Bich Nga ◽  
Doan Thi Thanh Huong ◽  
Le Thi Kim Xuyen ◽  
Nguyen Thi Khue
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Liver Fluke ◽  
Clonorchis Sinensis ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Nucleotide Sequences ◽  
Opisthorchis Viverrini ◽  
The Family ◽  
Liver Flukes ◽  
Family Classification

Opisthorchiasis is a zoonotic parasitic infection caused by small liver fluke species, Opisthorchis viverrini,O. felineus and Clonorchis sinensis, in the family Opisthorchiidae. Vietnam has both species, of which C.sinensis is distributed in the northern and O. viverrini in the central provinces. In addition to the mitochondrialgenomes, the ribosomal DNA sequences (rDNA) of these species are highly needed to obtain for providingmolecular markers in species identification, classification, phylogeny and evolutionary studies. In this study,the near/complete nucleotide sequences of ribosomal transcription units (rTU) from O. viverrini (Vietnamesesample), O. felineus (Russian sample) and C. sinensis (Vietnamese sample) were analyzed. All rTUs for threespecies were determined, which is 7,839 bp for O. viverrini, 6,948 bp for O. felineus and 7,296 bp for C.sinensis containing structures of 18S, ITS1, 5,8S, ITS2 and 28S. The IGS region was not obtained for all threespecies. In all three species, sequence analysis revealed 2 tandem repetitive elements of 47-48 bp/each in ITS1but not in ITS2. The nucleotide sequences of 18S, ITS1, ITS2 and 28S are valuable ribosomal markers that thisstudy provides for diagnosis, identification, taxonomic classification and population genetics. In conclusion,the rTU sequences for the three species of the family Opisthorchiidae have been identified and providesmolecular markers for the use of phylogenetic analysis for species/family classification in the superfamilyOpisthorchioidea and the class Trematoda.

scholarly journals Helminth infection-induced carcinogenesis: spectrometric insights from the liver flukes, Opisthorchis and Fasciola

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria João Gouveia ◽  
Maria Y. Pakharukova ◽  
Banchob Sripa ◽  
Gabriel Rinaldi ◽  
Paul J. Brindley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Adducts ◽  
Liver Fluke ◽  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Clonorchis Sinensis ◽  
Opisthorchis Viverrini ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Liver Flukes ◽  
Group 1

AbstractChronic infections with the flatworm parasites Opisthorchis viverrini, Clonorchis sinensis and Schistosoma haematobium are classified as group 1 biological carcinogens, i.e. definitive causes of cancer. In addition, we reported findings that support the inclusion of Opisthorchis felineus in this list of biological carcinogens. By contrast, infections with close phylogenetic relatives including Fasciola hepatica have not been associated with carcinogenesis. Earlier reports revealed of oxysterol metabolites of Opisthorchis liver fluke origin conjugated with DNA bases, suggesting that the generation of these DNA-adducts may underlie the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of the infection with these food-borne pathogens. Here we employed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to investigate, compare and contrast spectrograms of soluble extracts from F. hepatica adult worms from bile ducts of cattle with those from O. viverrini and O. felineus from experimentally-infected hamsters. F. hepatica displayed a complex spectrophotometric profile. F. hepatica and Opisthorchis spp. shared several common compounds including oxysterol-like metabolites, bile acids and DNA-adducts, but the spectrometric profiles of these Opisthorchis species included far fewer compounds than F. hepatica. These findings support the postulate that oxysterol-like metabolites of parasite origin can initiate carcinogenesis and they point to a molecular basis for the inconsistencies among major groups of liver flukes concerning infection-induced malignancy.Author SummarySeveral species of trematodes are parasites of the human hepatobiliary tract. Infection with two of these flukes, Clonorchis sinsensis and Opisthorchis viverrini, fresh water fish-borne parasites that occur in East Asia is classified as group 1 carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), i.e. definitive causes of cancer in humans. By contrast, infection with a different liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, does not lead to malignant transformation of the biliary tract. Given the close phylogeny of all three parasites, this difference in carcinogenicity is intriguing and, if explained, likely of value in novel therapeutic approaches. The importance of the current findings is informative because they present a mass spectrometric analysis and catalog of the similarities and differences between fluke of the genus Opisthorchis and F. hepatica, potentially identifying carcinogenic metabolites of liver fluke origin. These metabolites can be expected to provide deeper understanding of helminth infection induced malignancy.

Is Opisthorchis viverrini an avian liver fluke?

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Nawa ◽  
P.N. Doanh ◽  
U. Thaenkham
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Liver Fluke ◽  
First Record ◽  
Opisthorchis Viverrini ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Domestic Ducks ◽  
Liver Flukes

AbstractRecently, in the Journal of Helminthology (May 2013), Dao et al. reported that Opisthorchis viverrini-like flukes were found in the bile duct of domestic ducks in Vietnam. They stated that this is the first record of Opisthorchis sp. in birds in Vietnam. However, three Opisthorchis species – O. cheelis, O. longissimus and O. parageminus – in birds in Vietnam were described by Le in 2000. Amongst these, O. parageminus was first reported, by Oshmarin in 1970, as a new Opisthorchis species found in domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) in Vietnam. Morphologially O. viverrini-like flukes described by Dao et al. are much more similar to O. parageminus than to O. viverrini. The phylogenetic trees of internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) gene sequences also showed that the O. viverrini-like liver flukes from domestic ducks were closer to O. lobatus than to O. viverrini. Therefore, O. viverrini-like liver flukes reported by Dao et al. (2013) are most likely to be O. parageminus.

scholarly journals The liver fluke Opisthorchis felineus as a group III or group I carcinogen

4open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariya Yurievna Pakharukova ◽  
José Manuel Correia da Costa ◽  
Viatcheslav Alekseevitch Mordvinov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Liver Fluke ◽  
Clonorchis Sinensis ◽  
Opisthorchis Felineus ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Carcinogenic Potential ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Liver Flukes

Opisthorchiasis caused by the liver fluke Opisthorchis felineus is one of the most common helminthic infections in the Russian Federation. The largest area affected by opisthorchiasis felinea occupies almost the entire territory of Western Siberia and extends to northern Kazakhstan and a part of the Ural region. Natural endemic regions of opisthorchiasis also exist in the European part of Russia, and in the regions of Western and Eastern Europe. According to the official statistics of the Russian Federation, up to 40 000 patients with opisthorchiasis are registered annually in the country. Opisthorchiasis felinea affects the hepatobiliary system and causes serious liver disorders, including cancer of the biliary tract. Other parasitoses, opisthorchiasis viverrini and clonorchiasis, are widespread in the Southeast Asia and China. The causative agents of these diseases, liver flukes O. viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis, are officially recognized as Group 1 biological carcinogens and are classified as the main risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma. O. felineus is included in Group 3 of biological carcinogens and is not officially considered carcinogenic to humans. Studies on the carcinogenic potential of this liver fluke and the epidemiology of cholangiocarcinoma in the Russian Federation have started in earnest quite recently. Nevertheless, we have some evidence that infection with O. felineus leads to a precancerous state of the bile duct epithelium. This state, combined with additional risk factors, poses a real risk of cholangiocarcinoma. In our opinion, taking into consideration the accumulated facts, the classification of the carcinogenic potential of O. felineus requires revision. In this review, we focus on the relevant characteristics of the biology and epidemiology of this helminth as well as experimental data on opisthorchiasis felinea; this information might clarify the carcinogenicity of O. felineus to humans.

Seasonal comparison of potential denitrification rates and nitrogen functional genes with sediment depths in the wetland, Korea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Yeon Han ◽  
Dong-Hun Kim ◽  
Seolran Oh ◽  
Hee Sun Moon
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number ◽  
Gene Copy Number ◽  
Denitrification Rate ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Nosz Gene ◽  
Potential Denitrification ◽  
Qpcr Analysis ◽  
Wide Range

<p>Wetlands provide not only habitats for a wide range of organisms but also ecological functions of degrading and removing pollutants from water body through a variety of physical, chemical and biological processes. Seasonal variation including recent increases in the frequency of floods and droughts have affected the hydrological environment of wetlands. Furthermore, these effects may result in changes in redox conditions in the nitrogen biogeochemical process in wetland sediments. Therefore, in this study, the potential denitrification rate and denitrification-related gene quantitative analysis was performed to investigate seasonal nitrogen dynamics of wetland sediments associated with surface and groundwater interactions in Baekseok reservoir wetlands (Gunsan-si, Jeollabuk Province, Korea). Sediment from two different sites (i.e., PA and PB) in wetland were collected with different depths in June and December 2019 to investigate seasonal effects on denitrification with sediment depths. Potential denitrification rate experiments were performed using the acetylene inhibition technique, and denitrification-related gene quantification was performed by qPCR analysis. As a result of potential denitrification rate, PA sites ranged from 2.67–3.27 ng N<sub>2</sub>O/g/hr and 3.13–15.13 ng N<sub>2</sub>O/g/hr in June and December, respectively. PB sites ranged from 2.43-6.30 ng N<sub>2</sub>O/g/hr and 5.47-6.30 ng N<sub>2</sub>O/g/hr. Overall, higher levels were observed at 0–10 cm, with higher denitrification rates in December than in June. The qPCR analysis showed that the narG, nirS and nosZ gene copy number ranges for the PA site in June showed 1.82 x 10<sup>6</sup> – 6.15 x 10<sup>7</sup> copies/g, and in December 7.71 x 10<sup>5</sup> – 5.97 x 10<sup>8</sup> copies/g. The narG, nirS and nosZ gene copy number ranges for the PB site in June showed 3.53 x 10<sup>5</sup> – 3.86 x 10<sup>8</sup> copies/g, and in December, 1.24 x 10<sup>6</sup> – 3.47 x 10<sup>8</sup> copies/g. Overall, both sites had higher copy numbers in December than in June, corresponding to an increase in potential denitrification rate in December.</p>

The zoonotic, fish-borne liver flukes Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis felineus and Opisthorchis viverrini

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (12-13) ◽  
pp. 1031-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor N. Petney ◽  
Ross H. Andrews ◽  
Weerachai Saijuntha ◽  
Alexandra Wenz-Mücke ◽  
Paiboon Sithithaworn
Keyword(s):  
Clonorchis Sinensis ◽  
Opisthorchis Viverrini ◽  
Opisthorchis Felineus ◽  
Liver Flukes

Immunological analysis ofOpisthorchisandClonorchisantigens

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sirisinha ◽  
D. Sahassananda ◽  
D. Bunnag ◽  
H. J. Rim
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Clonorchis Sinensis ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Opisthorchis Viverrini ◽  
Metabolic Product ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Immunological Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Liver Flukes

ABSTRACTImmunoreactive components ofOpisthorchis viverriniandClonorchis sinensiswere analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), radioimmunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. Somatic extracts from these two liver flukes as well as from other related parasites, together with the metabolic products, were tested for their reactivities with sera from patients with opisthorchiasis and clonorchiasis. A significant cross-reactivity in the ELISA was noted betweenOpisthorchisandClonorchis. Immunoblotting and radioimmunoprecipitation analyses showed that the 89-kD protein which was previously shown to be a predominant metabolic product ofO. viverrinireacted with sera from both groups of patients. However, an antigen with a molecular weight of 16 kD, apparently a predominant somatic component, appeared to be specific forO. viverrini.

scholarly journals Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Liver Fluke-Induced Cholangiocarcinoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 791
Author(s):  
Kanlayanee Sawanyawisuth ◽  
Goro Sashida ◽  
Guojun Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fluke ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Clonorchis Sinensis ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Hepatic Cancer ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
East And Southeast Asia ◽  
Liver Flukes

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most common type of hepatic cancer. In east and southeast Asia, intrahepatic CCA is caused predominantly by infection of Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis, two species of parasitic liver flukes. In this review, we present molecular evidence that liver fluke-associated CCAs have enhanced features of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in bile duct epithelial cells (cholangiocytes) and that some of those features are associated with mis-regulation at the epigenetic level. We hypothesize that both direct and indirect mechanisms underlie parasitic infection-induced EMT in CCA.

scholarly journals The making of oncology: The trinity of true carcinogenic worms

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-103
Author(s):  
K. Lalchhandama
Keyword(s):  
Food Habits ◽  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Liver Fluke ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Clonorchis Sinensis ◽  
Opisthorchis Viverrini ◽  
History Of ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Trinity ◽  
Group 1

Three flukes, Schistosoma haematobium (urinary blood fluke), Clonorchis sinensis (Chinese liver fluke), and Opisthorchis viverrini (Southeast Asian liver fluke) are, by official decree, Group 1 (fully proven) human carcinogens. Thus, they comprise a group of preventable carcinogens. But considering the situation of prevailing infection, from the lifestyle and food habits of people in the endemic regions, it is unlikely that they are eradicated in the near future. S. haematobium is transmitted by snails and infection is acquired from snail-infested water. C. sinensis and O. viverrini are both transmitted from eating fish. As medically important flukes, it is crucial to understand their biology, and this is an attempt to explain that in the light of the history of their discovery. Further, this is written with a hope that several facts, often erroneously presented in scientific literature, about these flukes are rectified.

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