scholarly journals The Stability of Schick Toxin

1928 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Joe ◽  
J. C. J. McEntee
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Cent Solution ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cold Room ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Considerable Period ◽  
Made In

The stability of the biological reagents used in routine immunological procedures is a matter of practical interest to the public health worker, and an attempt has been made in the following research to estimate the period during which the diluted toxin used in the Schick test for the estimation of susceptibility to diphtheria remains potent. In the early days of Schick testing, although Leete (1920) reported that a diluted toxin retained its potency for as long as 5 weeks, it has hitherto been considered inadvisable to use a toxin at a longer interval than 48 hours after it had been diluted to its proper strength. Glenny, Waddington and Pope (1928) and O'Brien, Okell and Parish (1928) have introduced a new diluent consisting of a solution of a combination of crystal borax 57, boric acid 84 and sodium chloride 99 parts. A 1·5 per cent, solution of this mixture is now used as a diluent and has the effect of sustaining the potency of the diluted toxin over a greater period of time. In our work over 400 persons have been tested with toxins made up according to this formula, a comparison being made in each individual between the reactions elicited by an aged toxin, stored for varying periods at room temperature or in the cold room, with those produced by a fresh toxin. Enough toxin was made up at the beginning of the experiment to last over a considerable period of time, samples being sent to us by post periodically together with batches of freshly diluted toxin. The testing of reagents was carried out immediately on receipt, the lower age groups being selected in any series of individuals as being likely to give the largest number of reactors. The actual testing was performed practically throughout by one of us (J. C. J. McEntee) so as to maintain uniformity of technique. Each pair of toxins was controlled by a single injection of inactivated toxin and the results were scrutinised at the 4th and 10th days, a record of the comparative intensities of the positives being made at the same time. The results are recorded in Table I.

scholarly journals Development and characterization of marine fibre enriched biscuits

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-150
Author(s):  
Ninisha Babu ◽  
P. J. Gopika ◽  
Ammu Dinakaran ◽  
Maya Raman ◽  
T.V. Sankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Red Seaweeds ◽  
Natural Polysaccharide ◽  
Textural Characterization ◽  
Colour Changes ◽  
The Stability

A biscuit is a flour-based baked food product which is accepted by all age groups. Carrageenan is a natural polysaccharide obtained from red seaweeds andis a rich source of fibre. The diets rich in fibre have a positive effect on health, thus, carrageenan was incorporated into biscuits to enhance the fibre content. Different percentages (2 to 6%) of carrageenan were incorporated in biscuits among which 6 per cent was found to be the best. Fibre rich biscuits were subjected to physiochemical analysis. The antioxidant activity and total polyphenol contents were estimated. Snap test to determine the crispiness and textural characterization of biscuit was performed and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was done to compare the morphological changes in the products due to addition of carrageenan. The stability of the product at room temperature was analysed by monitoring the textural and colour changes and development of rancidity in the product. The storage studies have revealed a shelf-life of 63 days for the product at room temperature when packed in polypropylene trays.

scholarly journals La reforma constitucional y la gobernanza económica de la Unión Europea

2012 ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Antonio Bar Cendón
Keyword(s):  
Golden Rule ◽  
European Council ◽  
The Public ◽  
Growth Pact ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Europe 2020 ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Excessive Deficit Procedure ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Made In

Este artículo analiza las medidas de reforma adoptadas en el marco de la UE y de sus Estados miembros a efectos de introducir y consolidar en sus respectivos ordenamientos jurídicos el principio básico de estabilidad financiera o presupuestaria, conocido comúnmente como la "regla de oro "; es decir, la exigencia de que toda la administración pública, en sus diferentes niveles de gobierno, mantenga de manera permanente una situación presupuestaria de equilibrio o de superávit. Así, primer lugar, se analizan los precedentes en el Derecho constitucional comparado de esta exigencia constitucional y luego las reformas de los textos constitucionales realizadas en Alemania, España e Italia, pero también la frustrada reforma constitucional iniciada en Francia. y, en segundo lugar, se analizan las reformas en la gobernanza económica de la UE, realizadas tanto a través de documentos político-estratégicos, que establecen el marco general y los principios básicos de actuación, como a través de textos jurídicos que los desarrollan y aplican en la práctica. Así, el artículo analiza en detalle documentos político-estratégicos como el Pacto de Estabilidad y Crecimiento, Europa 2020, el Semestre Europeo, el Pacto por el Euro Plus; y las previsiones jurídicas del Art. 126 del TFUE y el procedimiento aplicable en caso de déficit excesivo; la reforma del Art. 136 del TFUE y el Mecanismo Europeo de Estabilidad; el paquete de seis medidas jurídicas conocido como "The Six Pack"; y la propuesta de nuevas medidas jurídicas de refuerzo en este terreno conocido como "The Two Pack". El artículo, finalmente, analiza también el Tratado de Estabilidad, Coordinación y Gobernanza en la Unión Económica y Monetaria, concluido al margen del ordenamiento jurídico de la UE, y las más recientes propuestas del Consejo Europeo de 28-29 de junio de 2012, sobre un nuevo "Pacto por el Crecimiento y el Empleo" y el informe del Presidente del Consejo Europeo titulado "Hacia una auténtica Unión Económica y Monetaria".This article analyzes the reforms adopted by the EU and its Member States addressed at introducing and consolidating in their respective legal systems the basic principle of financial or budgetary balance, commonly known as the "golden rule "; that is to say, the requirement by which the whole of the public administration, at its different levels of government, must keep on a regular basis a situation of balanced budget or with surplus. In this line, this article analyzes firstly the precedents of this legal requirement in comparative constitutional law and then the amendments made by Germany, Spain and Italy on their constitutional texts, but also the frustrated constitutional reform initiated in France. And secondly, this article analyzes the reforms made in the economic governance of the EU by means of both politicalstrategic documents - which establish the general framework and the basic governing principles - and legal provisions which develop and implement them. In this respect, this article analyzes political-strategic documents such as the Stability and Growth Pact, Europe 2020, the Euro Plus Pact; and the legal provisions of Art. 126 of the TFEU and the excessive deficit procedure; the amendment of Art. 136 of the TFEU and the European Stability Mechanism; the set of six legal instruments commonly known as "The Six Pack ": and the new reinforcing set of two legal instruments - still under discussion - commonly known as "The Two Pack ". Finally, this article analyzes also the Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance in the Economic and Monetary Un ion, agreed outside the framework of the EU legal system, and the recent proposals adopted by European Council of June 28- 29, 2012, concerning a new "Compact for Growth and Jobs" and the President of the European Council report "Towards a Genuine Economic and Monetary Union ",

scholarly journals Design of magnetic spirals in layered perovskites: Extending the stability range far beyond room temperature

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. eaau6386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Shang ◽  
Emmanuel Canévet ◽  
Mickaël Morin ◽  
Denis Sheptyakov ◽  
María Teresa Fernández-Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Magnetic Interactions ◽  
Stability Range ◽  
Chemical Disorder ◽  
Pressure Chemical ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Magnetic Spiral ◽  
Layered Perovskites

In insulating materials with ordered magnetic spiral phases, ferroelectricity can emerge owing to the breaking of inversion symmetry. This property is of both fundamental and practical interest, particularly with a view to exploiting it in low-power electronic devices. Advances toward technological applications have been hindered, however, by the relatively low ordering temperatures Tspiral of most magnetic spiral phases, which rarely exceed 100 K. We have recently established that the ordering temperature of a magnetic spiral can be increased up to 310 K by the introduction of chemical disorder. Here, we explore the design space opened up by this novel mechanism by combining it with a targeted lattice control of some magnetic interactions. In Cu-Fe layered perovskites, we obtain Tspiral values close to 400 K, comfortably far from room temperature and almost 100 K higher than using chemical disorder alone. Moreover, we reveal a linear relationship between the spiral’s wave vector and the onset temperature of the spiral phase. This linear law ends at a paramagnetic-collinear-spiral triple point, which defines the highest spiral ordering temperature that can be achieved in this class of materials. On the basis of these findings, we propose a general set of rules for designing magnetic spirals in layered perovskites using external pressure, chemical substitutions, and/or epitaxial strain, which should guide future efforts to engineer magnetic spiral phases with ordering temperatures suitable for technological applications.

scholarly journals Formulasi Pembuatan Sediaan Eyeshadow dari Ekstrak Bunga Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior Jack)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Bunga Rimta Barus ◽  
Vera Estefania Kaban
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Quality Inspection ◽  
Room Temperature Storage ◽  
Flower Extract ◽  
Dispersion Test ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Color Pigment ◽  
Temperature Storage ◽  
Made In ◽  
Etlingera Elatior

One type of cosmetic or decorative cosmetic preparation is eyeshadow which contains a color pigment applied to the eyelid. The purpose of this study was to find out that kecombrang flower extract can be used as eyelid coloring. From the study to make eyeshadow preparations using dyes extracted from kecombrang flowers, to determine the stability of the eyeshadow by using kecombrang flower extract in storage at room temperature, and to find out whether eyeshadow preparations using extracts from kecombrang flowers cause irritation when used. Eyeshadow preparations from kecombrang flower extract (Etlingera elatior Jack) were made in various concentrations of 15%, 17.5%, 20%, 22.5%, 25% and blank preparations (without using kecombrang flower extract). Physical quality inspection of the preparation includes: color dispersion test (homogeneity), cracking test, and stock stability test. And for other tests carried out polishing tests (homogeneity) and irritation tests. Eyeshadow from kecombrang flower extract also does not cause irritation and is stable in room temperature storage for 30 days. Preparation of kecombrang flower extract with several good concentrations was used as eyeshadow preparations, stable eyeshadow preparations in storage at room temperature within 30 days, and the formulation of eyeshadow preparations using kecombrang flower extract as eyelid coloring did not cause irritation.

The Stability of Factor IX Concentrate During Storage

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (02) ◽  
pp. 114-115
Author(s):  
H Suomela ◽  
Elina Vahtera
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Thrombin Generation ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Procoagulant Activity ◽  
Dissolution Time ◽  
Vacuum Stability ◽  
Storage Study ◽  
Cold Room ◽  
The Stability

SummaryA storage study of factor IX concentrate was performed on 35 randomly selected batches that had been prepared between 1976 and 1980. Vacuum stability, dissolution time, F IX procoagulant activity, NAPTT, and thrombin generation were measured immediately after the manufacturing process and compared in this study with the results obtained from the spare samples analysed in 1981. No significant changes during storage at cold room temperature for up to 5 years were established. The product can thus be considered to be stable for 5 years at + 4° C.

Methods for the Concentration of Bovine Ac-Globulin (Factor V)

1961 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 435-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo H. Landaburu ◽  
Walter H. Seegers
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Barium Carbonate ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Reducing Agents ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Isoelectric Precipitation ◽  
Stabilizing Agent ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
The Stability

SummaryAn attempt was made to obtain Ac-globulin from bovine plasma. The concentrates contain mostly protein, and phosphorus is also present. The stability characteristics vary from one preparation to another, but in general there was no loss before 1 month in a deep freeze or before 1 week in an icebox, or before 5 hours at room temperature. Reducing agents destroy the activity rapidly. S-acetylmercaptosuccinic anhydride is an effective stabilizing agent. Greatest stability was at pH 6.0.In the purification bovine plasma is adsorbed with barium carbonate and diluted 6-fold with water. Protein is removed at pH 6.0 and the Ac-globulin is precipitated at pH 5.0. Rivanol and alcohol fractionation is followed by chromatography on Amberlite IRC-50 or DEAE-cellulose. The final product is obtained by isoelectric precipitation.

2483-PUB: Glycemic Control with Pramlintide and Insulin Coformulations: Preclinical Evaluation of a Novel Single Injection, Room Temperature Stable Formulation

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 2483-PUB
Author(s):  
SANJEEV THOHAN ◽  
WENDY T. HU ◽  
MARTIN J. DONOVAN ◽  
STEVEN J. PRESTRELSKI ◽  
MONICA S. CHOI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Preclinical Evaluation

IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT DEBT ON FINANCIAL SECURITY OF UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Pikaliuk ◽  
◽  
Dmitry Kovalenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The Public ◽  
Debt Security ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

One of the main criteria for economic development is the size of the public debt and its dynamics. The article considers the impact of public debt on the financial security of Ukraine. The views of scientists on the essence of public debt and financial security of the state are substantiated. An analysis of the dynamics and structure of public debt of Ukraine for 2014-2019. It is proved that one of the main criteria for economic development is the size of public debt and its dynamics. State budget deficit, attracting and using loans to cover it have led to the formation and significant growth of public debt in Ukraine. The volume of public debt indicates an increase in the debt security of the state, which is a component of financial security. Therefore, the issue of the impact of public debt on the financial security of Ukraine is becoming increasingly relevant. The constant growth and large amounts of debt make it necessary to study it, which will have a positive impact on economic processes that will ensure the stability of the financial system and enhance its security.

DNA Inspirited Rational Construction of Nonconventional Luminophores with Efficient and Color-Tunable Afterglow

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunzhong Wang ◽  
Saixing Tang ◽  
Yating Wen ◽  
Shuyuan Zheng ◽  
Bing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rational Design ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Double Helix ◽  
Mechanical Grinding ◽  
Room Temperature Phosphorescence ◽  
Color Tunable ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Rational Construction ◽  
Double Helix Structure ◽  
Made In

<div>Persistent room-temperature phosphorescence (p-RTP) from pure organics is attractive </div><div>due to its fundamental importance and potential applications in molecular imaging, </div><div>sensing, encryption, anticounterfeiting, etc.1-4 Recently, efforts have been also made in </div><div>obtaining color-tunable p-RTP in aromatic phosphors5 and nonconjugated polymers6,7. </div><div>The origin of color-tunable p-RTP and the rational design of such luminogens, </div><div>particularly those with explicit structure and molecular packing, remain challenging. </div><div>Noteworthily, nonconventional luminophores without significant conjugations generally </div><div>possess excitation-dependent photoluminescence (PL) because of the coexistence of </div><div>diverse clustered chromophores6,8, which strongly implicates the possibility to achieve </div><div>color-tunable p-RTP from their molecular crystals assisted by effective intermolecular </div><div>interactions. Here, inspirited by the highly stable double-helix structure and multiple </div><div>hydrogen bonds in DNA, we reported a series of nonconventional luminophores based on </div><div>hydantoin (HA), which demonstrate excitation-dependent PL and color-tunable p-RTP </div><div>from sky-blue to yellowish-green, accompanying unprecedentedly high PL and p-RTP </div><div>efficiencies of up to 87.5% and 21.8%, respectively. Meanwhile, the p-RTP emissions are </div><div>resistant to vigorous mechanical grinding, with lifetimes of up to 1.74 s. Such robust, </div><div>color-tunable and highly efficient p-RTP render the luminophores promising for varying </div><div>applications. These findings provide mechanism insights into the origin of color-tunable </div><div>p-RTP, and surely advance the exploitation of efficient nonconventional luminophores.</div>

Tyrosine-Selective Bioconjugation with Iminoxyl Radicals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuya Maruyama ◽  
Takashi Ishiyama ◽  
Yohei Seki ◽  
Kounosuke Oisaki ◽  
Motomu Kanai
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Steric Hindrance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
Sodium Ascorbate ◽  
Iminoxyl Radical ◽  
Short Reaction Time ◽  
Modified Peptides ◽  
The Stability

A novel Tyr-selective protein bioconjugation using the water-soluble persistent iminoxyl radical is described. The conjugation proceeded with high Tyr-selectivity and short reaction time under biocompatible conditions (room temperature in buffered media under air). The stability of the conjugates was tunable depending on the steric hindrance of iminoxyl. The presence of sodium ascorbate and/or light irradiation promoted traceless deconjugation, restoring the native Tyr structure. The method is applied to the synthesis of a protein-dye conjugate and further derivatization to azobenzene-modified peptides.

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