scholarly journals Simulated human skin scales

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julienne Lees ◽  
W. D. Brighton
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Natural Flora ◽  
Micro Organisms

SUMMARYHuman skin scales which have been shed naturally bear a flora of micro-organisms which is unknown until tested. To replace these scales in a study of the micro-environment of both the human body and of models a method has been devised of making synthetic scales which behave both physically and aerodynamically in a similar way to the natural material. The synthetic materials carry no natural flora and it is possible to include in them test markers of several kinds to assist in identification after dispersion.

scholarly journals The Relation of Golden Ratio, Mathematics and Aesthetics

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyan Bahadur Thapa ◽  
Rena Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Golden Ratio ◽  
Divine Proportion ◽  
Logo Design ◽  
Geometrical Shapes ◽  
Natural Flora ◽  
The Universe

The Golden Ratio, mathematics and aesthetics are intricately related among each other. In this paper, we exhibit the presence of mathematics in aesthetic impression that appears in nature, classic art, architecture, logo design and much more. The divine proportion can be found in music, poetry and other forms of art, however our focus here is only in the visual ones. The Golden ratio is considered sacred due to its relationship to nature and even the construction of the universe and the human body. It has been used for centuries in the construction of architectural masterpieces by the great artists, who, being able to see its beauty used it in their designs and compositions. We explain how the applications of the Golden ratio in architectures, paintings and geometrical shapes create the mystery of beauty. Further we present the existence of the divine proportion in human body and natural flora and fauna. There are a diverse number of directions, paths and tangents to which the study of this beautiful concept could take us. Besides mathematicians and artists, we expect that this paper will be interesting for general readers as well.  Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2018, 14(1): 188-199

scholarly journals Personalized expression of bitter ‘taste’ receptors in human skin

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Shaw ◽  
Corrine Mansfield ◽  
Lauren Colquitt ◽  
Cailu Lin ◽  
Jaime Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Bitter Taste ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Taste Receptors ◽  
Skin Cells ◽  
Bitter Taste Receptors ◽  
Adult Human Skin

AbstractThe integumentary (i.e., skin) and gustatory systems both function to protect the human body and are a first point of contact with poisons and pathogens. These systems may share a similar protective mechanism because both human taste and skin cells express mRNA for bitter ‘taste’ receptors (TAS2Rs). Here, we used gene-specific methods to measure mRNA from all known bitter receptor genes in adult human skin from freshly biopsied samples and from samples collected at autopsy from the Genotype-Tissue Expression project. Human skin expressed some but not all TAS2Rs, and for those that were expressed, the relative amounts differed markedly among individuals. For some TAS2Rs, mRNA abundance was related to sun exposure (TAS2R14, TAS2R30, TAS2R42, and TAS2R60), sex (TAS2R3, TAS2R4, TAS2R8, TAS2R9, TAS2R14, and TAS2R60), and age (TAS2R5), although these effects were not large. These findings contribute to our understanding of extraoral expression of chemosensory receptors.

scholarly journals 3D Numerical Simulation of Laminar Flow and Conjugate Heat Transfer through Fabric

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guocheng Zhu ◽  
Dana Kremenakova ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Jiri Militky ◽  
Rajesh Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Laminar Flow ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Conjugate Heat Transfer ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
The Heat Transfer Coefficient

AbstractThe air flow and conjugate heat transfer through the fabric was investigated numerically. The objective of this paper is to study the thermal insulation of fabrics under heat convection or the heat loss of human body under different conditions (fabric structure and contact conditions between the human skin and the fabric). The numerical simulations were performed in laminar flow regime at constant skin temperature (310 K) and constant air flow temperature (273 K) at a speed of 5 m/s. Some important parameters such as heat flux through the fabrics, heat transfer coefficient, and Nusselt number were evaluated. The results showed that the heat loss from human body (the heat transfer coefficient) was smallest or the thermal insulation of fabric was highest when the fabric had no pores and no contact with the human skin, the heat loss from human body (the heat transfer coefficient) was highest when the fabric had pores and the air flow penetrated through the fabric.

scholarly journals The role of intestinal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 215-226
Author(s):  
Tomasz Dworzański ◽  
Rafał Fornal ◽  
Łukasz Koźba ◽  
Krzysztof Celiński ◽  
Ewa Dworzańska
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Faecal Flora ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Micro Organisms

In recent years, impressive advances in the knowledge about a vast number of microbes living in the human body and interactions between the microbiota and the human body have been observed. All micro-organisms that live in the human body consist of around 10 ^ 14 cells. The number of microbial cells colonizing the human body is ten times higher than the number of its own cells and the weight of all micro-organisms is about 2-2.5 kg. The number of bacterial genes is 50-100 times greater than the number of genes in the human body. Nowadays, the human microbiota is often regarded as a “newly discovered organ” or even as a “supergenome”. The results of many studies have revealed that disruption of the bowel microecosystem may affect the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms. Therefore, manipulation of the gut microflora was hoped to be a new tool in the treatment of this disease. Various methods (probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotic therapy, transplantation of faecal flora) have been used to modify the intestinal microbiota by supporting the expansion of bacteria considered beneficial and reducing the number of those regarded as harmful, thus alleviating the IBS symptoms. There is much evidence in the literature to suggest that the intestinal microbiota and the gut-intestinal axis are important factors in the pathogenesis of IBS. Moreover, the literature findings have demonstrated beneficial effects of modifying the intestinal flora composition in alleviating IBS symptoms. Although the pathophysiology of IBS and the role of the intestinal microflora and gut-intestinal axis in it are well known, many issues are still to be elucidated. Further research into the bacteria identified in stool and colon mucosa of healthy individuals should provide more information on restoration of intestinal homeostasis in IBS patients.

scholarly journals Development of auto sanitizer for mitigation of Covid-19 – Using solar powered aluminum structural chamber

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 608-615
Author(s):  
S.C. Madu ◽  
E.A. Madu ◽  
C.O. Anyaoha ◽  
P.A. Okonkwo ◽  
U.C. Ogbuefi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Infectious Virus ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
High Death Rate ◽  
High Death ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Good Number

The use of auto sanitizer in the disinfection of human body and surfaces against dangerous micro-organisms like coronavirus diseases that are infectious is of great importance to schools, family, community, and public health. The outbreak of novel Coronavirus in late 2019, which has crippled the academic, social, and economic activities globally is as a result of unhygienic activities of living creatures like, man, and animals. But a good number of technologies can be developed to tackle the emergence of this novel infectious virus. The challenge of COVID-19 that resulted to ill-health, high death rate, and shutdown of activities was being addressed radically by different medical practitioners, engineers through various practical innovations, methods and mitigation approach - ranging from the use of face shields and respiratory facemasks to practicing of social and physical distancing. This part of preventive measures has led us to developing an Auto Sanitizer that is made of Aluminum Chamber which does not wet the cloth or human body but disinfects it against COVID-19.

scholarly journals Microbial endocrinology: host–bacteria communication within the gut microbiome

2015 ◽  
Vol 225 (2) ◽  
pp. R21-R34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Sandrini ◽  
Marwh Aldriwesh ◽  
Mashael Alruways ◽  
Primrose Freestone
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Bidirectional Communication ◽  
Micro Organisms

The human body is home to trillions of micro-organisms, which are increasingly being shown to have significant effects on a variety of disease states. Evidence exists that a bidirectional communication is taking place between us and our microbiome co-habitants, and that this dialogue is capable of influencing our health in a variety of ways. This review considers how host hormonal signals shape the microbiome, and what in return the microbiome residents may be signalling to their hosts.

An in vivo staining technique for the demonstration of micro-organisms on the stratum corneum

1980 ◽  
Vol 79 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 201-208
Author(s):  
S. A. Malcolm
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Coryneform Bacteria ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
The Relationship

SynopsisAn in vivo staining technique has been developed for the demonstration of micro-organisms on human skin. This technique permits the study of the relationship between micro-organisms and the stratum corneum and its associated structures. It also aids an understanding of the factors involved in the nutrition and survival of micro-organisms on the skin surface.In skin sites with large populations of coryneform species the bacteria tend to accumulate at the edges of corneocytes. This tendency is not shared by members of the micrococcaceae.Agar impressions of the skin surface confirm observations of other workers and suggest that the surface of the stratum corneum is composed of domed corneocytes with a network of troughs or channels surrounding them. It is proposed that the association of coryneform bacteria with the edges of corneocytes may be due to the creation of an environment within the troughs which favours microbial colonisation.

Modeling Heat Transfer of the Air Gap between Human Body and Clothing

2011 ◽  
Vol 332-334 ◽  
pp. 1611-1614
Author(s):  
Ying Ke ◽  
Yun Yi Wang ◽  
Jun Li
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Unsteady State ◽  
State Heat ◽  
Set Up

An unsteady-state heat transfer numerical model of the microclimate between human skin and clothing is set up. Air-gap thickness less than 17mm is considered. Matlab pde toolbox is chosen to compute the numerical model. The numerical results of the model agrees well with a set of published experimental data.

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