Macroeconomic Outcomes and the Relative Position of Argentina's Economy, 1875–2000

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
ISABEL SANZ VILLARROYA
Keyword(s):  
Relative Position ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
Macroeconomic Policies ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Per Capita

AbstractThis paper attempts to investigate the main factors behind Argentina's relative economic decline by comparing its evolution with that of Australia and Canada. For this purpose a ‘reduced index of economic freedom’ has been constructed in order to capture and summarise the principal macroeconomic trends in Argentina compared with the other regions of recent settlement during the period between 1875 and 2000. The results, obtained using cointegration and causality techniques, show how the macroeconomic policies that were implemented are able to explain the relative evolution of Argentina's economy, in terms of GDP per capita, over the long term. The results revise some of the interpretations prevalent in Argentine historiography.

The Reproduction Vector of the Russian Economy: 1999-2007

2008 ◽  
pp. 94-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries

The problem of the Russian economy’s growth rates is considered in the article in the context of Russia’s backwardness regarding GDP per capita in comparison with the developed countries. The author stresses the urgency of modernization of the real sector of the economy and the recovery of the country’s human capital. For reaching these goals short- or mid-term programs are not sufficient. Economic policy needs a long-term (15-20 years) strategy, otherwise Russia will be condemned to economic inertia and multiplying structural disproportions.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN GEORGIA AS AN INDUSTRY CONTRIBUTING TO ECONOMIC GROWTH OF THE COUNTRY

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-289
Author(s):  
L.V. Detochenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Transport Component ◽  
Tourist Flows ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Republic

The role and place of the tourism industry in the economic complex of Georgia are considered; the conclusion is made about the “tourist miracle” taking place in the country, which is a factor of the economic growth of the republic. The differences between the concepts of “foreign visitors” and “foreign tourists” are presented. The increase in the contribution of the tourism industry and related industries involved in the tourism industry in the creation of the gross domestic product of the country, its impact on the growth of the Georgian budget and GDP per capita, the average monthly wage is shown. The conclusion about the need to increase the share of medium and long-term tourists among foreign visitors and tourists in the country is justified. The problems of the return of tourists, the long-term stay in Georgia, the differences of the countries-generators of tourist flows by these indicators have been studied. The changes in work and the prospects of various types of transport for the delivery of tourists to Georgia are analyzed, the measures to improve the tourist transport component are proposed. The correlation between the number of tourist arrivals and the average cost of tourists visiting Georgia from different countries is shown and the economic profitability of attracting Russian tourists, capable of filling all the tourist destinations of the country, contributing to the “tourist miracle” of Georgia is considered.

The effects of the economic crisis on income convergence in the European Union

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nenad Stanišić
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Income Convergence ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Trade Theory ◽  
Per Capita

This paper evaluates income convergence in the European Union, between “old” (EU15) and “new” member states from Central and East Europe (CEE10), and among the countries within these two groups. The GDP per capita convergence should be expected according to the exogenous economic growth model and neoclassical trade theory. The presence of σ-convergence and both absolute and conditional β-convergence is tested for on a sample of 25 European Union countries (EU25). Results confirm the existence of β-convergence of GDP per capita at purchasing power parity among EU25, but not among EU15 and CEE10 countries. σ-convergence has been confirmed among EU25 and CEE10 countries, while GDP per capita has been diverging in the EU15 group of countries. Moreover, the results reveal that recent economic crisis has reversed long-term tendencies and led to income convergence within EU15 and divergence within CEE10. During the crisis, the income differences among the EU25 countries have increased, but the scope and duration of this effect has been limited and has not affected the long term convergence path. However, the obtained long term speed of convergence is significantly lower compared with the previous researches.

Is Guyana a new oil El Dorado?

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 365-368
Author(s):  
Luis Fernando Panelli
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The Political ◽  
Oil Exploitation ◽  
The World ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract The Co-operative Republic of Guyana has become one of the most interesting and dynamic oil producing countries in the world at the start of the 21st century. The country already holds 5 billion barrels of proved reserves, which will certainly grow with new discoveries. Exxon leads a consortium of four companies that have the concession of the Stabroek Block (Liza Field), where nine discoveries have been made so far. Five FPSOs will be operating in the future, one of which is due to arrive in Guyana before the end of 2019 and another is due for 2020. By then, the country will be producing 340,000 barrels a day. This production will double and then reach 1 million barrels a day before the end of the next decade. The challenges and opportunities regarding the Guyanese people are dire. The lack of proper infrastructure is certainly one of the biggest challenges. But it is important to stress that the oil proceeds will transform Guyana into the highest GDP per capita of South America. The political stage is also analysed, since political instability might raise concerns for long-term investors. The Venezuela–Guyana differences regarding the sovereignty of the Essequibo Region are again a cause for concern. Brazil is a key player in supporting the geopolitical stability of South America. Presidential elections will be held in 2019/2020: the dispute will probably be between the current President Granger and the Opposition candidate Irfaan Ali. Guyana has a lot to profit from the wealth brought by oil exploitation, but its people fear the risk of growing corruption.

Before the Great Divergence? Comparing the Yangzi Delta and the Netherlands at the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century

2012 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 956-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bozhong Li ◽  
Jan Luiten van Zanden
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Great Divergence ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Yangzi Delta

This article tests recent ideas about the long-term economic development of China compared with Europe on the basis of a detailed comparison of structure and level of GDP in part of the Yangzi delta and the Netherlands in the 1820s. We find that Dutch GDP per capita was almost twice as high as in the Yangzi delta. Agricultural productivity there was at about the same level as in the Netherlands (and England), but large productivity gaps existed in industry and services. We attempt to explain this concluding that differences in factor costs are probably behind disparities in labor productivity.

scholarly journals SOURCES OF INNOVATION ACTIVITY AS A FACTOR OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga BUCHINSKAIA ◽  
Elena STREMOUSOVA
Keyword(s):  
Decision Makers ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
New Industry ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – the purpose of the study is to define the sources and restrictions of new industry development based on the R&D -related factors of the countries studied; to show the conditions of inequality based on the existing infrastructure, which are obstacles for achieving an advantage in technology. Research methodology – the panel studies were conducted on four groups of countries divided by the level of GDP per capita. High technology exports and charges for the use of the intellectual property were used as dependent variables. Findings – as a result of the study, the factors that influenced the dependent variables in each of these groups of countries were identified. The differences in the significance of factors are shown. Research limitations – the limitations of the study are significant gaps in the time series for a number of countries. They make it impossible to use such data in the econometric model. Some indicators are taken into account relatively recently, which makes it impossible to consider long-term trends. Practical implications – the results of the research should help the country decision-makers optimize measures to develop domestic R&D and innovative production. Originality/Value – the originality of the research is the study of country sets grouped by the level of GDP per capita. The specifics of patents and trademarks influence on the innovative activity of countries with different income levels are determined.

scholarly journals Las Cajas de Ahorros en España durante el Régimen de Franco y la Transición Democrática : Su importancia en la economía regional

2010 ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Luis Javier Coronas Vida
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Savings Banks ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Real Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Rich

En este artículo analizaremos las conexiones entre el desarrollo regional y la evolución de las cajas de ahorros, a partir del PIB regional per cápita y los depósitos en las cajas de ahorros, agrupados por regiones. El PIB real per cápita creció rápidamente en todas las regiones desde 1959 (el segundo franquismo). Aunque el crecimiento de las regiones pobres fue más fuerte que el de las ricas, en 1980 el PIB per cápita de las pobres no alcanzaba el 59% del correspondiente a las ricas (pero en 1945 era sólo el 43%). Los depósitos per cápita en las cajas de ahorros de las regiones pobres eran extremadamente reducidos en 1945 (sólo el 8% del dato correspondiente a las ricas); sin embargo en 1980 había alcanzado el 40%. El crecimiento de los depósitos en las regiones pobres fue acompañado por un crecimiento de la población débil (11% entre 1945 y 1980); por otra parte, el crecimiento demográfico en las regiones ricas alcanzó el 127%.<br /><br />In this paper we will analyse connections between regional development and the Savings Banks evolution in Spain, attending to regional GDP, per capita, and Savings Banks deposits accounts, gathered together by regions. Real GDP per capita, in all Spanish regions, increased quickly since 1959 (the 2nd Franco's era). Although, poor regions growth was stronger than that of the rich ones, in 1980, GDP per capita in poor regions didn't reach up to 59% of rich ones (even though in 1945 was only 43%).<br />Savings Banks deposits per capita in poor regions were extremely short in 1945 (only 8% of the rich ones); nevertheless, in 1980 they reached 40%. Deposit increase in poor regions was also accompanied by a short population growth (11% between 1945 and 1980); on the other hand, demographic development in rich regions reached 127%.<br />

scholarly journals Competitiveness of South Africa's agri-food commodities

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 945-968
Author(s):  
Yonas T. Bahta ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
South African ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Mixed Result ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Food Commodities

<abstract> <p>This research aims to determine the competitiveness of South African agri-food products and the factors that influence them. The study applied a comparative advantage (RCA) index, Lafay Index (LFI), Export Diversification Index (EDI), Major export category (MEC), Hirschman index (HI), and regression analysis. The study revealed a mixed result of RCA and LFI of agri-food commodities during 2000–2018. Some commodities such as tobacco and rawhides have a comparative advantage. On the other hand, vegetables, fruit, and coffee showed a comparative disadvantage. At the same time, the LFI revealed a significant comparative advantage from 2000 to 2003 for agri-food commodities of fish and sugar, sugar preparations, and honey. EDI was near zero for all commodities, indicating that the trading structure was less concentrated. Hirschman index (HI) demonstrated that all commodities showed a reduced concentration throughout the study period. The results of regression analysis on factors that influence the competitiveness of agri-food commodities were varied. Agriculture productivity and GDP per capita had a favorable impact on comparative advantage. Macroeconomic stability had a mixed result, with agri-food commodities having positive and negative effects. South Africa had a less concentrated trade structure and did not depend on international trade from the agri-food industry. These evaluations provide policymakers with information on agri-food competitiveness and the factors that influence the industry's competitiveness.</p> </abstract>

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