scholarly journals Land, investments and public-private partnerships: what happened to the Beira Agricultural Growth Corridor in Mozambique?

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randi Kaarhus
Keyword(s):  
Direct Investment ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Capital Requirements ◽  
Commercial Agriculture ◽  
Market Strategy ◽  
Agricultural Growth ◽  
Land Grabs ◽  
Resource Dynamics ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Over Time

AbstractInfluential discourses present Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) as essential for agricultural development in Africa; a parallel, critical debate on ‘land rushes’ has denounced Land Grabs, demanding increased accountability in FDI-based land deals. This article explores an initiative located in central Mozambique, the Beira Agricultural Growth Corridor (BAGC). It shows how the international fertiliser company Yara set out to enrol actors at different levels in business, governance and agricultural development into BAGC as a public-private partnership to promote commercial agriculture. Very soon, however, Yara made shifts in its engagement and market strategy, leaving the BAGC initiative to supporting donors and local producers. The analysis presented here shows how the tension between ‘patient-capital’ requirements, high risks and low immediate returns have shaped this case over time – in a context of a national political economy framed by extractive-resource dynamics.

India's groundwater irrigation boom: can it be sustained?

Water Policy ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Narayanamoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Agricultural Growth ◽  
Irrigated Area ◽  
Groundwater Irrigation ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Future Growth ◽  
Made In

Development of groundwater irrigation (GWI) has been very impressive in India, especially after the introduction of the green revolution. The area under GWI accounts for 62% of the net irrigated area today. Though GWI provides added benefits to farmers, compared to other sources of irrigation, the continuous exploitation of groundwater of late has resulted in a drastic drop in the water table, and led to salinization and quality deterioration in different parts of the country. Since groundwater contributes overwhelmingly to agricultural growth, the unrestrained exploitation of groundwater could hamper the future growth of agriculture. GWI is controlled by many factors, which are dynamic and bound to change along with the agricultural development. Therefore, one needs to understand the factors determining groundwater development in different regions over time to understand the dynamics of groundwater use. Though many studies are available on different aspects of GWI in India, not many studies have looked at the sustainable aspects of GWI, considering the major States of India together. An attempt is made in this paper to study the development as well as the factors determining GWI over time, using state-wide data to suggest appropriate interventions to sustain the use of groundwater.

The Oxford Handbook of the Brazilian Economy

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Investment ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Closed Economy ◽  
Current Characteristics ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Contemporary Context ◽  
Over Time

Brazil constitutes a globally vital but troubled economy. It accounts for the largest GDP in Latin America and ranks among the world’s largest exporters of critical commodities including iron ore, soya, coffee, and beef. In recent years Brazil’s global economic importance has been magnified by a surge in both outward and inward foreign direct investment. This has served to further internationalize what has been historically a relatively closed economy. The purpose of this Handbook is to offer real insight into the Brazil’s economic development in contemporary context, understanding its most salient characteristics and analyzing its structural features across various dimensions. At a more granular level, this volume accomplishes the following tasks. First, it provides an understanding of the economy’s evolution over time and the connection of its current characteristics to this evolution. Second, it analyzes Brazil’s broader place in the global economy, and considers the ways in which this role has changed, and is likely to change, over coming years. Third, reflecting contemporary concerns, the volume offers an understanding, not only of how one of the world’s key economies has developed and transformed itself, but also of the ways in which this process has yet to be completed. The volume thus analyzes the current challenges facing the Brazilian economy and the kinds of issues that need to be tackled for these to be addressed.

scholarly journals Potential of ontology for interoperability in e-government

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edilson Ferneda ◽  
Fernando William Cruz ◽  
Hércules Antonio Do Prado ◽  
Renato da Veiga Guadagnin ◽  
Laurindo Campos Dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
Practical Solution ◽  
Semantic Level ◽  
Legal Question ◽  
Task Time ◽  
Efficient Mechanisms ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Legal Meaning

Interoperability is one of the fundamental requirements to enable electronic government. Its implementation can be classified into technical, syntactic, semantic, and organizational levels. At the semantic level, ontology is regarded as a practical solution to be considered. In this context, its adoption was identified in several countries, with different levels of maturity and so many focuses as the specific implementations. One of the main challenges to be overcome is the legal question that refers to the legislation to assure “the preservation of the legal meaning of data”. The lack of efficient mechanisms to support the deployment and use of ontologies can turn the overall task time-expensive, restricted in scope, or even unfeasible. Additionally, many initiatives are recent and need to be validated over time. This paper presents a non-exhaustive survey of the state of interoperability in e-government from the perspective of ontologies' use. The cases of Palestine, European Union, Netherlands, Estonia, and Brazil are discussed.

scholarly journals Waves and legacies: The making of an investment frontier in Niassa, Mozambique

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Kronenburg García ◽  
Patrick Meyfroidt ◽  
Dilini Abeygunawardane ◽  
Almeida Sitoe
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Commercial Agriculture ◽  
Over Time

To understand how land-use frontiers emerge, we studied the actors driving investments in Niassa province, Mozambique. Our ethnographic research over 2017-2018 among commercial agriculture and forestry investors shows that successive waves of actors with different backgrounds, motives and business practices, arrived in Niassa to establish farms or plantations yet repeatedly failed. Waves come and go but leave sediments – legacies – that add up to gradually build the conditions for a frontier to emerge. The accumulation of these legacies has given rise to a new wave by actors from within the region, indicating that over time endogenous processes may replace externally-driven waves.

scholarly journals Identyfikacja głównych determinant rozwoju rolnictwa w krajach Unii Europejskie

2018 ◽  
Vol 18(33) (3) ◽  
pp. 342-352
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Zaród
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Discriminatory Analysis ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
The Eu

The level of agricultural development in the EU countries is varies significantly. The knowledge of factors directly affecting changes in agriculture can contribute to reducing disparities between countries. The purpose of this study is to indicate the main factors which determine agricultural development in the European Union. To implement this task, the discriminant analysis was used. The research material were data from the GUS and EUROSTAT regarding agriculture in EU countries. The research shows that the development of agriculture in the EU is determined in particular by factors such as the share of sowing of cereals in the total area of arable land, consumption expenditure in households, labor productivity and agricultural income. In addition, the discriminatory analysis allowed assigning particular countries to groups with different levels of agricultural development.

scholarly journals Learning Factories 4.0 in technical vocational schools: can they foster competence development?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Roll ◽  
Dirk Ifenthaler
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environments ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Vocational Schools ◽  
Vocational Students ◽  
Technical Competencies ◽  
Digital Competencies ◽  
Development Of Competencies ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Over Time

AbstractLearning Factories 4.0 are thought to prepare vocational students for the challenges of Industry 4.0. The implementation of those interconnected Learning Factories 4.0 at technical vocational schools may promote the development of subject-related technical competencies as well as multidisciplinary digital competencies. Still, research is scarce with regard to the development of competencies supported through Learning Factories 4.0 in technical vocational schools. Hence this research focusses on subject-related technical and multidisciplinary digital competencies of technical vocational students change due to different levels of Learning Factory 4.0 interaction over time. Three subsequent competence tests with N = 63 technical vocational students were conducted. Findings indicate the benefits of integrating Learning Factories 4.0 for developing subject-related competencies in technical vocational schools. However, the study could not identify a positive development of multidisciplinary digital competencies. The findings of this study can help educators to further develop learning environments with support from Learning Factories 4.0 as well as preparing their learners for the demanding competencies of Industry 4.0.

Temperament and Coping Activity Under Stress of Changing Intensity Over Time

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Heszen
Keyword(s):  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sensory Sensitivity ◽  
And Coping ◽  
First Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Over Time

Temperament is probably an important factor that influences coping activity. The framework of the study was the Regulative Theory of Temperament by Strelau, where six temperamental traits are distinguished: emotional reactivity, perseveration, activity, briskness, sensory sensitivity, and endurance. These traits were hypothesized to be connected to coping activity in accordance with their psychological characteristics. It was also expected that the associations between temperament and coping activity should depend on stress intensity. Participants were 278 diabetics and 232 patients after first myocardial infarction (MI). The study was longitudinal and two diseases had been purposely selected so as to represent stress intensity either increasing (in diabetes) or decreasing (after MI) over time. Temperamental traits as well as coping activity components: cognitive appraisal, affect, and coping strategies were measured using self-report questionnaires. As hypothesized, temperamental traits were connected to coping activity. Phase-related changes in coping activity confirmed an increase in stress levels in diabetics, while cardiac patients tended to experience the situation as more challenging. While the expectation referring to the differential role of temperament under different levels of stress intensity was not confirmed, the connections of temperament with coping activity were found to decrease under long-term stress.

China's Economic Growth and Innovation in Globalization

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Bryan Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Capital Flows ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Critical Determinant ◽  
National Economies ◽  
Over Time

The purpose of this chapter is to investigate the potential long-term effects of contemporary globalization on the Chinese economy and innovation in an era of global hypercompetition. Globalization today is basically accepted as the process that removes geographical boundaries and enables the economic integration and interdependence of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment, migration, and capital flows. Since productivity remains the critical determinant of long-term national growth and prosperity, the effects of today's globalism on productivity demands the need for business organizations in particular to sustain a competitive advantage and to remain profitable over time. Based on an integrative literature review, this chapter explores why China must continue to develop its innovation capabilities as well as to provide opportunities for foreign businesses over the long-term via responsible economic development that also benefits the nation's domestic population.

scholarly journals Self-Reinforcing Processes Governing Urban Sprawl in Belgium: Evidence over Six Decades

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 4097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mustafa ◽  
Jacques Teller
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Dispersion ◽  
Dispersion Degree ◽  
Dispersion Patterns ◽  
Study Country ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Over Time

Urban sprawl is widely acknowledged as an environmental and socio-economic challenge worldwide. This study examines urban sprawl in Belgium over six decades from 1950 to 2010. We assume that sprawl is a self-reinforcing process, i.e., sprawl is fueling further sprawl over time. The main objective of this study is to examine this assumption. We measure urban sprawl at four different levels in this study: country, regions, municipalities, and 1-km2 cells. Three sprawl indices are employed: the degree of urban dispersion, degree of urban permeation of the landscape, and built-up land uptake per capita. These three indices consider both the growth of built-up areas and population density to measure the magnitude of sprawl. The drivers of urban sprawl have been analyzed at a 1-km2 level. The examined drivers are previous urban dispersion patterns, distance to urban cores, elevation, and slope degree by means of linear regression. Urban sprawl significantly increased between 1950 and 1980, whereas its increase was more moderate between 1980 and 2010. Urban dispersion and permeation strongly affect the Brussels and Flanders regions. The results show that the increase in the degree of dispersion is locally driven by previous values of dispersion; i.e., it provides an adequate milieu for further dispersion. Therefore, our conclusion is that urban sprawl in Belgium tends to be a self-reinforcing process.

Concentrate on Industry, Give Some Money and Subsidies to Agriculture Will this attitude Revive Industrial Growth

Paradigm ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
Rakesh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Vicious Circle ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Agricultural Growth ◽  
Agricultural Investment

The article analyses the budgetary allocations for agriculture and rural development and suggests what needs to be done to enhance agricultural growth. There is a dire need to increase investment in agriculture so that the vicious circle trap can be broken up and economy could achieve high agricultural growth rate in real terms. The major stumbling block in agricultural development has been the falling agricultural investment since the mid eighties. It is thus necessary to reverse the trend.

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