Small-scale shrimp farming and community supported fisheries in Southeast Asia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Brian Szuster ◽  
Jennifer M. Bernstein ◽  
Kulapa Kuldilok ◽  
William Cecil
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Marketing Model ◽  
Shrimp Production ◽  
Responsible Manner

Shrimp farming in Southeast Asia is often touted as a globalisation success story. The region emerged as a key area for farmed shrimp production in the 1990s, and it remains a leading producer of shrimp for export to international markets to this day. This achievement has not, however, been without cost. Small-scale shrimp farmers in Southeast Asia have suffered persistent social, economic and environmental dislocations stemming from price pressures imposed by globalisation and neoliberal economic policies in the seafood sector. Community supported fisheries (CSF) represent an alternative marketing model which could potentially support small-scale producers in Southeast Asia whose viability is threatened by the intensification of shrimp production by large corporate interests. This article investigates opportunities for CSF in the region, encourages research that builds social capital in aquaculture communities, and identifies opportunities to link small-scale shrimp farming operations with local markets that seek high quality seafood produced in an environmentally sustainable and socially responsible manner.

scholarly journals Some aspects of shrimp farming systems and shrimp production management: Bangladesh perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
AK Sarkar ◽  
MN Islam ◽  
FH Ansary
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Traditional Farming ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Farming Practice ◽  
Shrimp Production ◽  
And Control

Shrimp is one of the leading exportable seafood products in Bangladesh. In the 2017-2018 financial year the country has exported 36168 MT products. Present research work was conducted in three Upazilas (Kaliganj, SyamNagar and Assasuni) in Sathkira district. Three different farming practices (organic, traditional and control) were selected for the research programme. The working farmers in the farming practices were found to follow the traditional farming in the early times. Average production was found 275 kg/ha in the traditional farming practices. This is the lowest shrimp production in the world. Reasons are lack of better technology, dearth of quality seed and feed and effect of shrimp diseases. Small-scale organic shrimp farming practice was found to maintain better production and profitability in the three experimental Upazilas. Three different farming practices (viz. organic, traditional and control/ extensive farming) were taken under interview to collect data. A comparison of the production (kg/ha/yr) of three years’ time (2012 to 2014) was made for analysis in the study. The highest production rate was recorded in organic shrimp farming. It was 13.16% higher than the traditional and 15.14% higher than the control/extensive shrimp farming system. Traditional shrimp farming production was 1.98% higher than that of the control/extensive shrimp farming. Percentage of gross sell of organic system was 14.01% higher than traditional and 15.89% higher than that of the control/extensive shrimp farming. The traditional shrimp gross sell was 1.87% higher than the control shrimp. Interviews and PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal) method were used for the collection of data. The main research question was ‘effect dose’ on the overall production, income and impact on biodiversity. Recording data showed that the organic farming practice is more sustainable and environmentally sound system. Organic farming system showed less input cost and higher production value. Organic shrimp farming system increases image value of Bangladesh in the international market. J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2019, 5(2): 93-100

scholarly journals FAKTOR PENENTU ADOPSI STANDAR ORGANIK DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KINERJA BUDIDAYA UDANG WINDU

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Maharani Yulisti ◽  
Tenny Apriliani ◽  
Risna Yusuf ◽  
Rismutia Hayu Deswati
Keyword(s):  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Switching Regression ◽  
Endogenous Switching Regression ◽  
Endogenous Switching ◽  
Shrimp Production ◽  
The Impact

Standar keamanan pangan di Indonesia telah diusulkan untuk menghadapi tantangan pasar ikan global seperti peningkatan produksi budidaya dan perjanjian perdagangan bebas. Namun, manfaat sertifikasi keamanan pangan bagi pembudidaya ikan sering diperdebatkan. Dampaknya sangat kontekstual, yang sebenarnya sangat relevan dengan sektor perikanan skala kecil yang memiliki tingkat keragaman agro ekologi dan kondisi sosial ekonomi. Ini tidak selalu dipertimbangkan dalam penelitian sebelumnya. Oleh karena itu, kajian ini menganalisis dampak adopsi organic standard terhadap produktivitas petambak udang dengan mengambil studi kasus di Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Analisis yang digunakan untuk mengetahui faktor penentu adopsi menggunakan model probit; sedangkan untuk mengukur dampak terhadap outcome budidaya udang digunakan model endogenous switching regression. Hasil analisis probit menunjukkan bahwa standar organik tampaknya lebih banyak diterapkan pada pembudidaya yang memiliki pekerjaan di luar tambak udang dan lebih banyak memiliki pengalaman, tetapi kurang diadopsi oleh petani yang menyewa tambak, memiliki hubungan pasar dan hubungan kredit dengan pembeli mereka. Hasil analisis dampak menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata dari hasil budidaya udang tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang signifikan antara petambak yang mengadopsi standar dan yang tidak mengadopsi, sedangkan terdapat perbedaan signifikan dalam keuntungan bersih antara dua rezim. Namun, hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa adopter memiliki hasil lebih besar pada produksi udang jika mereka tidak mengadopsi, begitu pula sebaliknya terhadap nonadopter menghasilkan produksi udang lebih kecil apabila mereka mengadopsi standard. Di sisi lain, adopter memiliki profit lebih kecil pada produksi udang jika mereka tidak mengadopsi, begitu pula sebaliknya terhadap non-adopter menghasilkan profit lebih kecil apabila mereka tidak mengadopsi standard. Determinants for Adopting Organic Standard and Their Impact on Performance of Black Tiger Shrimp FarmingFood safety standard  in Indonesia has been proposed to face global fish market challenges such as increasing aquaculture production and free trade agreements. Yet, the benefits of food safety certification for farmers has often been debated. It has context-specific impact and closely relevant to small farm sector with its large degree of agroecological and socio-economic heterogenity. This idea was not always get into consideration in previous researches. Therefore, this paper analyzes the impact of organic standard adoption on productivity of small-scale shrimp farming in Indonesia. The study used  a probit model to determine the determinants of adoption, while endogenous switching regression model was used to measure the impact on the outcome of shrimp farming. Heterogeneity is accounted for an endogenous switching regression framework. The analytical result of probit showed that organic standard is more applied to farmers who have off-farm job and experiences, but is less adopted by farmers who rent ponds, have market and credit relationship with their buyers. The result of impact analysis showed that there were no significant differences on shrimp production between those adopted the standard and those who did not, the average yield of shrimp farming was not found to be a significant   between farmers who adopted and those who did not adopt the standard, while there were significant differences on net profit between the two regimes. However, the analysis found that adopters had higher results on shrimp production if they do not adopt standard, and nonadopters had less shrimp production if they adopt the standard. On the other hand, adopters have smaller profit on shrimp production if they do not adopt the standard, and non-adopters made smaller profits if they do not adopt the standard. 

scholarly journals Is Super-Intensification the Solution to Shrimp Production and Export Sustainability?

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen ◽  
Nguyen ◽  
Jolly
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Capital Requirements ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Intensive Production ◽  
Shrimp Production

The government of Vietnam has selected shrimp production and exports as the pillars of rural economic development. The targets set depend on high yields through production intensification. International and national public research communities have raised production intensification concerns related to environmental and climate change challenges, such as saltwater intrusion, water pollution, disease outbreaks, mangrove destruction, and natural resource degradation. Social snags such as user right conflicts of water resources, food safety problems, tariff barriers, and attempts to taint the industry’s image by competitors also plague the industry. These give rise to the problem of certification and questions about the influence of standards on the small-scale farming sustainability in a competitive global environment. The questions asked are, how can one bring together small-scale shrimp farmers to comply with international standards? Can small-scale shrimp farming co-exist with super-intensive producers to bring about a sustainable and competitive industry? A proposed model to horizontally organize the limited resource farmers into cooperatives to vertically integrate with large-scale firms producing shrimp using super-intensive production methods shows small-scale farmers adopting super-intensive production methods that can generate higher yields, income, profits, and is more environmentally friendly and requires less water and land. The capital requirements are high for limited resource farmers. However, with the interest showed by banks in financing models that are appropriate for small-scale farms integrated with larger firms engaged in super-intensive production systems, along with government assistance, these small-scale shrimp producing units can attain higher levels of sustainability than the open, less intensive production systems.

scholarly journals Dissimilarity of microbial diversity of pond water, shrimp intestine and sediment in Aquamimicry system

AMB Express ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenzheng Zeng ◽  
Sukontorn Khoruamkid ◽  
Warinphorn Kongpakdee ◽  
Dongdong Wei ◽  
Lingfei Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Shrimp Production

Abstract The Pacific white shrimp, with the largest production in shrimp industry, has suffered from multiple severe viral and bacterial diseases, which calls for a more reliable and environmentally friendly system to promote shrimp culture. The “Aquamimicry system”, mimicking the nature of aquatic ecosystems for the well-being of aquatic animals, has effectively increased shrimp production and been adapted in many countries. However, the microbial communities in the shrimp intestine and surrounding environment that act as an essential component in Aquamimicry remain largely unknown. In this study, the microbial composition and diversity alteration in shrimp intestine, surrounding water and sediment at different culture stages were investigated by high throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene, obtaining 13,562 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Results showed that the microbial communities in shrimp intestine and surrounding environment were significantly distinct from each other, and 23 distinguished taxa for each habitat were further characterized. The microbial communities differed significantly at different culture stages, confirmed by a great number of OTUs dramatically altered during the culture period. A small part of these altered OTUs were shared between shrimp intestine and surrounding environment, suggesting that the microbial alteration of intestine was not consistent with that of water and sediment. Regarding the high production of Aquamimicry farm used as a case in this study, the dissimilarity between intestinal and surrounding microbiota might be considered as a potential indicator for healthy status of shrimp farming, which provided hints on the appropriate culture practices to improve shrimp production.

scholarly journals The composition and variability of atmospheric aerosol over Southeast Asia during 2008

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1083-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Trivitayanurak ◽  
P. I. Palmer ◽  
M. P. Barkley ◽  
N. H. Robinson ◽  
H. Coe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Dust Aerosol ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Sulphate Aerosol ◽  
Phase Oxidation

Abstract. We use a nested version of the GEOS-Chem global 3-D chemistry transport model to better understand the composition and variation of aerosol over Borneo and the broader Southeast Asian region in conjunction with aircraft and satellite observations. Our focus on Southeast Asia reflects the importance of this region as a source of reactive organic gases and aerosols from natural forests, biomass burning, and food and fuel crops. We particularly focus on July 2008 when the UK BAe-146 research aircraft was deployed over northern Malaysian Borneo as part of the ACES/OP3 measurement campaign. During July 2008 we find using the model that Borneo (defined as Borneo Island and the surrounding Indonesian islands) was a net exporter of primary organic aerosol (42 kT) and black carbon aerosol (11 kT). We find only 13% of volatile organic compound oxidation products partition to secondary organic aerosol (SOA), with Borneo being a net exporter of SOA (15 kT). SOA represents approximately 19% of the total organic aerosol over the region. Sulphate is mainly from aqueous-phase oxidation (68%), with smaller contributions from gas-phase oxidation (15%) and advection into the regions (14%). We find that there is a large source of sea salt, as expected, but this largely deposits within the region; we find that dust aerosol plays only a relatively small role in the aerosol burden. In contrast to coincident surface measurements over Northern Borneo that find a pristine environment with evidence for substantial biogenic SOA formation we find that the free troposphere is influenced by biomass burning aerosol transported from the northwest of the Island and further afield. We find several transport events during July 2008 over Borneo associated with elevated aerosol concentrations, none of which coincide with the aircraft flights. We use MODIS aerosol optical depths (AOD) data and the model to put the July campaign into a longer temporal perspective. We find that Borneo is where the model has the least skill at reproducing the data, where the model has a negative bias of 76% and only captures 14% of the observed variability. This model performance reflects the small-scale island-marine environment and the mix of aerosol species, with the model showing more skill at reproducing observed AOD over larger continental regions such as China where AOD is dominated by one aerosol type. The model shows that AOD over Borneo is approximately evenly split between organic and sulphate aerosol with sea salt representing 10–20% during May–September; we find a similar breakdown over continental Southeast Asia but with less sea salt aerosol and more dust aerosol. In contrast, East China AOD is determined mainly by sulphate aerosol and a seasonal source of dust aerosol, as expected. Realistic sensitivity runs, designed to test our underlying assumptions about emissions and chemistry over Borneo, show that model AOD is most sensitive to isoprene emissions and organic gas-phase partitioning but all fail to improve significantly upon the control model calculation. This emphasises the multi-faceted dimension of the problem and the need for concurrent and coordinated development of BVOC emissions, and BVOC chemistry and organic aerosol formation mechanisms.

scholarly journals Community Empowerment to Increase Litopenaeus vannamei Productivity Towards Semi-Intensive System by Potential Analysis and Self-Feed Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Sulastri Arsad ◽  
Muhammad Musa ◽  
Evellin Dewi Lusiana ◽  
Mohammad Mahmudi ◽  
Nanik Retno Buwono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Intensive System

Vaname shrimp is one of the leading cultivations of fishery production commodities in Indonesia which has high selling price and market share, also relatively resistant with high stocking density. Cultivation activities of this commodity can be carried out through three systems; namely traditional, semi-intensive, and intensive system. One group of cultivators who develop shrimp farming business is Mina Nusantara group in Lamongan District, where the cultivation system is still performed traditionally. The shrimp size was not uniform, and the survival rate was low once it harvested. Moreover, community empowerment was applied to increase vaname productivity towards semi-intensive system by culture potential analyses using SWOT and self-feed production training. Survey and experimental approach were used during the activities. The activities included survey and discussion with shrimp local farmer (Mina Nusantara), identified internal and external factors of culture by using SWOT analysis, carried out self-made artificial feed training, and program evaluation at the end. The activity resulted an increasing of farmer understanding of various culture system and they can produce the pellet in small scale by themselves. Based on SWOT analysis, the culture is potential to develop sustainably by regarding both internal and external factors.

scholarly journals PENGARUH JUMLAH TITIK AERASI PADA BUDIDAYA UDANG VANAME, Litopenaeus vannamei

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 727-738
Author(s):  
. Makmur ◽  
Hidayat Suryanto Suwoyo ◽  
Mat Fahrur ◽  
Rachman Syah
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Oxygen Solubility ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Aeration System ◽  
Shrimp Production

ABSTRAKSalah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan oksigen terlarut di perairan tambak dapat dilakukan melalui sistem aerasi dasar. Jumlah titik aerasi dasar diduga mempengaruhi kelarutan oksigen dan berdampak pada performa  budidaya udang di tambak. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua petak tambak beton masing-masing 1.000 m2 dilengkapi dengan sistem aerasi dasar yang terbuat dari  rubber diffuser sepanjang 100 cm, berjumlah 140 buah (Perlakuan A) dan 70 buah (Perlakuan B). Benur udang vaname PL-9 ditebar dengan padat penebaran 600 ekor/m2 dan dipelihara selama 70 hari. Perlakuan A menghasilkan kelarutan oksigen 3,04-10,36 (6,60±1,07) mg/L lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan B dengan kisaran oksigen terlarut 2,77-7,92 (6,08±0,95) mg/L. Sebaliknya parameter nitrit, total nitrogen, phosphat dan bahan organik terlarut lebih rendah di perlakuan A. Produksi, sintasan, dan rasio konversi pakan pada perlakuan A masing-masing 5.620 kg, 93,6% dan 1,12 dan perlakuan B masing-masing 4.000 kg, 80,7% dan 1,51. Perlakuan A menghasilkan performa budidaya lebih baik dibandingkan perlakuan B. Untuk meningkatkan pasokan oksigen terlarut di tambak dapat digunakan rubber diffuser yang dihubungkan dengan blower. ABSTRACTOne effort to increase dissolved oxygen concentration in pond waters is by applying bottom aeration system. The number of aeration point in the pond bottom allegedly affects oxygen solubility and shrimp farming performance. This study utilized two concreted ponds of 1000 m2 each equipped with two bottom aeration systems built by 100 cm long of rubber diffuser, totaling 140 pieces (Treatment A) and 70 pieces (Treatment B). The PL-9 of L. vannamei were stocked with density of 600 ind/m2 and reared for 70 days. Treatment A resulted dissolved oxygen of 3.04-10.36 (6.60±1.07) mg/L which were higher than Treatment B where the range of dissolved oxygen were 2.77-7.92 (6.08±0.95) mg/L. In contrast, nitrite, total nitrogen, phosphate and dissolved organic matter were lower within treatment A. Shrimp production, survival rate and feed conversion ratio in Treatment A were5, 620 kg, 93.6% and 1.12, respectively; whereas in treatment B were 4,000 kg, 80.7% and 1.51. Treatment A resulted in a better the L. vannamei farming compared to treatment B.  To increase the supply of dissolved oxygen in the pond, a rubber diffuser can be used which is connected to a blower.

scholarly journals The perception of local communities in non-financial reports of companies

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-54
Author(s):  
Daria Murawska
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Corporate Communication ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Standards And Guidelines ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Responsible Manner

Local communities are one of the important areas in the perspective of social development in the 21st century. Enterprises increasingly identify them as key stakeholder. This process is visible especially in companies that declare that they operate in a socially responsible manner. Currently, non-financial reports, which present key data on the achievements and priorities of activities in the field of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), become one of the basic tools of corporate communication. Non-financial reports are prepared based on standards and guidelines developed by independent international organizations and associations. The article verifies two aspects of addressing the subject of local communities in non-financial reports. First, it was analyzed to what extent the adopted standards require organizations to report in detail their activities for or with the participation of local communities, and then to what extent companies communicate their activities concerning local communities.

Cannabis and web marketing strategies-A study of Colorado cannabis vendors

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samer Forzley
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
The State ◽  
Digital Marketing ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Age Verification ◽  
Marketing Methods ◽  
Responsible Manner

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the level of adoption of digital marketing by cannabis vendors in the state of Colorado.Design/methodology/approachThe study surveyed a random sample of 30 cannabis vendors in the state of Colorado. The analysis of the vendors’ use of digital marketing methods was conducted using a rubric based on a modified 7C Framework.FindingsIn the state of Colorado, the cannabis industry is nascent and has made an initial investment in digital marketing. While most companies had deployed a website, these websites featured basic elements of digital marketing. Though limited, the industry has made initial attempts to engage customers in a socially responsible manner. The industry would also benefit from better age verification, educational programs and profit sharing.Originality/valueThe study furthers the application of 7C Framework used in evaluating e-commerce sites for cannabis marketing.

Fusion of Artisan and Virtual

2016 ◽  
pp. 346-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Webster
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
End Users ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Online Retail ◽  
Speed To Market ◽  
Slow Fashion

Three defining pillars spearhead the current global fashion system: speed to market, overt supply (and consumption) and low prices. This contrasts with a juxtaposing position, through the evolution of slow fashion constructs, embracing artisan techniques with bespoke methodologies. Additional to this is an emerging paradigm integrating new technologies including the strengthening of online retail, virtual interfaces for communication with end-users including customised manufacturing and small scale production runs plus the capacity to communicate and market to anyone, anywhere at anytime across the globe. When these two potentially disparate cultural positions in fashion are considered in tandem, it can facilitate opportunities for small-scale operations to use their size as a platform for flexibility, responsiveness and growth. This model provides for customised and personalised options for a discerning and socially responsible fashion customer. The blurring of bespoke and virtual sees the rise of the digital fashion artisans.

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