Occurrence and Ecology of Usnea Longissima in Central Sweden

1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.-A. Esseen ◽  
L. Ericson ◽  
H. Lindström ◽  
O. Zackrisson
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Environmental Disturbances ◽  
The Past ◽  
Forestry Practices ◽  
Oceanic Climate ◽  
Marked Decline ◽  
Usnea Longissima ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Minor Extent

AbstractThe past and present occurrence of Usnea longissima has been investigated at 31 localities in an area of eastern central Sweden. A marked decline was found which is due to different forestry practices, and, to a minor extent, air pollution. The species is confined to old spruce forests, mainly located on north-facing slopes with a slightly oceanic climate. The population size showed a large variation both within and between seven investigated localities. Specific habitat demands and low dispersal ability make U. longissima very sensitive to environmental disturbances.

scholarly journals Sun Protection and Sunburn in Children Aged 1–10 Years in Germany: Prevalence and Determinants

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 668
Author(s):  
Tatiana Görig ◽  
Corinna Södel ◽  
Annette B. Pfahlberg ◽  
Olaf Gefeller ◽  
Eckhard W. Breitbart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Sun Protection ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
The Past ◽  
A Minor

Seeking shade, the use of textile sun protection and sunscreen, and protecting one’s eyes by wearing sunglasses are recommended sun protection measures in children. We aimed to quantify the use of these measures as well as the prevalence of sunburn in children aged 1 to 10 years in Germany and to identify their determinants. Data collected via telephone interviews in a nationwide sample of 554 parents or caregivers in family were analyzed. Use of sunscreen was the most common measure applied (77.8%), while sunglasses were least frequently used (12.5%). The prevalence of sunburn during the past year was 21.8%, and it was positively associated with children’s age. The use of sun protection measures was significantly associated with the age and skin color of the child, while characteristics and tanning behaviors of the caregivers only played a minor role. The use of sun protection measures was higher when caregivers perceived themselves as a role model (Odds Ratio (OR) = 4.33, p < 0.001). Our nationwide data show that there remains a need for the improved use of sun protection measures, especially in children aged 7 to 10 years. In educational material, parents should be encouraged to become positive role models for their children regarding sun protection.

scholarly journals Tree Vitality and Forest Health: Can Tree-Ring Stable Isotopes Be Used as Indicators?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Cherubini ◽  
Giovanna Battipaglia ◽  
John L. Innes
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Forest Decline ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Tree Vitality ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physiological Processes

Abstract Purpose of Review Society is concerned about the long-term condition of the forests. Although a clear definition of forest health is still missing, to evaluate forest health, monitoring efforts in the past 40 years have concentrated on the assessment of tree vitality, trying to estimate tree photosynthesis rates and productivity. Used in monitoring forest decline in Central Europe since the 1980s, crown foliage transparency has been commonly believed to be the best indicator of tree condition in relation to air pollution, although annual variations appear more closely related to water stress. Although crown transparency is not a good indicator of tree photosynthesis rates, defoliation is still one of the most used indicators of tree vitality. Tree rings have been often used as indicators of past productivity. However, long-term tree growth trends are difficult to interpret because of sampling bias, and ring width patterns do not provide any information about tree physiological processes. Recent Findings In the past two decades, tree-ring stable isotopes have been used not only to reconstruct the impact of past climatic events, such as drought, but also in the study of forest decline induced by air pollution episodes, and other natural disturbances and environmental stress, such as pest outbreaks and wildfires. They have proven to be useful tools for understanding physiological processes and tree response to such stress factors. Summary Tree-ring stable isotopes integrate crown transpiration rates and photosynthesis rates and may enhance our understanding of tree vitality. They are promising indicators of tree vitality. We call for the use of tree-ring stable isotopes in future monitoring programmes.

Factors affecting the future of the Scottish hydrometric network

1987 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Poodle
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Computer Systems ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Data Standards ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Economic Climate ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Minor Extent

ABSTRACTThe Scottish Hydrometric Network consists of a number of river gauging stations which have been located at sites considered suitable to provide long term flow records. Economic recession has placed some stress on the gauging programme, and has given rise to extensive closures of gauging stations in England and, to a minor extent so far, in Scotland. The way in which the network became established provides a mixture of strengths and weaknesses which could have unpredictable consequences in an adverse economic climate. Changing technology provides some opportunity to reduce the cost of data acquisition and improve the deployment of manpower, while maintaining data standards. In these changing circumstances, particularly with extensive use of computer systems, it is important that standards are established for data returned to the Water Archive and that the network is not allowed to degenerate by default.

Recent advances in storage and flooding theory

1969 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gani
Keyword(s):  
Queueing Theory ◽  
Applied Probability ◽  
The Past ◽  
Continuous Flows ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Queueing Processes ◽  
Theory Of Storage ◽  
Storage Processes

The theory of storage processes, originally formulated by Moran [1] in 1954, has developed in the past fourteen years into a minor subfield of Applied Probability, closely allied to queueing theory. While dam models with discrete inputs are analogous to queueing processes, the essentially continuous nature of water inflows has distinguished generalized storage processes from queues. Indeed, some of the most complex of storage problems have arisen in the case of continuous flows.

Cupressus arizonica (Arizona cypress).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvan Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Erosion Control ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Christmas Trees ◽  
Cupressus Arizonica ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Minor Extent

Abstract At present, in the New World, C. arizonica and its varieties are of low economic importance, but they are sometimes cut for fenceposts, fuelwood and lumber, and recently they have become popular as Christmas trees. By contrast, the Arizona cypress (C. arizonica var. arizonica) and the smooth cypress (C. arizonica var. glabra) are widespread in Europe and are used for landscaping, erosion control, windbreaks, and to a minor extent for lumber.

Chapter II. The World Economy

1983 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 26-38
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
West Germany ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Uk ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Minor Extent

The recovery in the OECD area gathered pace in the second quarter, when its total GDP probably increased by as much as 1 per cent. The rise was, however, heavily concentrated in North America and particularly the US. There may well have been a slight fall in Western Europe, where the level of industrial production hardly changed and increases in gross product in West Germany and, to a minor extent, in France were outweighed by falls in Italy and (according to the expenditure measure) the UK.

scholarly journals Tracing the (hidden) spatialities of digital agendas: the case of ‘Digital Hungary’

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-150
Author(s):  
Krisztina Varró
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Development Trajectories ◽  
Minor Extent

Policies that aim at bringing about a digital transformation (seek to) create the conditions for particular spatial development trajectories. Yet, the understandings, explicit and implicit, of space advanced by digital agendas have remained rather underexposed to date. This paper addresses this gap by developing a Foucauldian-inspired discourse-analytical framework and applies it to the programme of ‘Digital Hungary’. It is argued that policies of digitalisation in Hungary only to a minor extent consider the spatial dimension, and their impact potentially undermines the declared aims of spatial development at different scales.

scholarly journals Self-Cleaning Concretes: An Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
ilker bekir topçu
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Concrete Technology ◽  
Engineering Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
Self Cleaning ◽  
Mineral Additives

Many studies have been carried out on the problems of civil engineering with the change of human problems today and in the past. These studies contributed to the development of concrete technology. Concrete is an important building material consisting of mixing aggregate, cement and water with or without chemical and mineral additives since the first day of use. Concrete technology has made great progress and continues. With developing concrete technology, self-cleaning concretes have emerged. Many studies have been conducted on self-cleaning concretes by researchers. This article reviews the research published on self-cleaning concretes and presents its role in reducing environmental pollution and its place in future engineering studies. When we look at the studies on self-cleaning concretes that emerged as a result of the developments in concrete technology, it is seen that the developments have progressed considerably. Contemporary civil engineering has provided a highly effective solution for the solution of modern problems. Environmentally friendly building materials will fulfil their duty in reducing air pollution, one of the biggest problems of our time. Self-cleaning buildings and roads that reduce pollution may sound like futuristic ideas, but it is not far away to encounter these structures more widely in our country and our world.

scholarly journals Bryophytes of the upper reaches of the Western Bug River (Lviv Region, Ukraine)

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-24
Author(s):  
Yura Drach ◽  
Zvenysvala Mamchur
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Wetland Ecosystems ◽  
Substrate Preferences ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
The Development Strategy ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
A Minor ◽  
First Time ◽  
Minor Extent

In the article, the bryophytes of the upper reaches of the Western Bug River, which is physically and geographically located within Male Polissya, partly Roztochia, and to a minor extent in the Gologoro-Voronyatsky denudo-structural hills, have been studied. Based on our survey, a list of the bryophytes has been compiled for the first time. Ecological features, substrate preferences and life forms of the bryophytes have been analysed. According to the ecological features, subheliophytes (30.9%) and hemisciophytes (30.9%) predominate in the spectrum of heliomorphs; mesophytes (29.7%), hygromesophytes (21.2%) and xeromesophytes – in the spectrum of hydromorphs (19.4%); cold-tolerant species (59.4%) – in the spectrum of thermomorphs. Based on the analysis of the substrate preferences of the bryophytes, the following groups were identified: epigeans (116 species), epixils (56 species), epiphytes (46 species), epiliths (43 species), aquatic (22 species). The prevailing life forms are turf (30.3%), rough mat (18.2%), weft (15.2%), tuft (10.3%) and smooth mat (9.7%). 3 species that are officially recognised as rare and 16 species that are recognized as regionally rare have been found. In the group of bryophytes associated with wetland ecosystems, 2 officially rare and 6 regionally rare species were found in the study area. Given the large areas of drained land in Lviv Region, these species are of particular value, especially in the context of conservation of the biodiversity and protection of the valuable natural areas in accordance with the Development Strategy of Lviv Region by 2027.

scholarly journals Gender in modern Greek historiography

HISTOREIN ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Papadogiannis
Keyword(s):  
Gender Relations ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
International Level ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Greek Historiography ◽  
Gender Factor ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Minor Extent

This article analyses the emergence and development of the study of gender in modern Greek historiography in the broader sense, exploring works that incorporate, even to a minor extent, the gender factor. It shows that despite the manifold barriers that gender historians have faced, there has been a slow but steady process of diffusion of gender in modern Greek historiography in general. The article also shows that historical research on gender relations in Greece initially focused on the study of women, historicising, however, their relations with men. Thus, in line with what Kantsa and Papataxiarchis argue about the relevant scholarship at the international level, no linear transition from the study of women to the examination of gender relations occurred. What has transpired in the last two decades, however, is that the relevant historiography has gradually broadened to encompass a more systematic analysis of the (re)making of masculinities. It has also been enriched by the study of the intersection of gender and age as well as of transnational flows and their impact on gender, tendencies that have been slightly neglected in other reviews of the study of gender in Greek historiography. 

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