scholarly journals The growth rate of the Long Rough Dab Hippoglossoides platessoides (Fabr.)

1955 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Bagenal
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Population Means ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Hippoglossoides Platessoides

SUMMARYThe ages of 1426 female, and 135 male Long Rough Dabs have been determined from otolith readings. The females were found to live into their seventh year and reach 30.5 cm, compared with males that live to their fifth year and reach 19.0 cm in length. However, the mean increase in length per year for a given length, has been found to be the same. The growth of the females has been shown to fit the equation lt=26.437 (I—0.574t) and of the males lt=17.754 (I —0.585t). In the case of the females the observed and calculated values agree quite closely, but with the males there is a greater difference, and it is believed that the discrepancy is due to net selection. The suggestion is made that the calculated mean lengths for each age group are better estimates of those of the population than are the observed sample means. The two standard deviations limits can be estimated about the population means and the sample values are found to be within these limits.Comparison with previous studies shows that the Clyde fish are smaller and shorter-lived than more northern specimens, though broadly speaking the rate of growth for comparable ages is not so dissimilar.

OBSERVATIONS OF TOTAL SERUM BASE IN CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS BY A CONDUCTIVITY METHOD

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 805-809
Author(s):  
W. M. KELSEY ◽  
L. B. LEINBACH
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Conductivity Method ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Standard Deviations

Values for total serum base in 96 normal children under 12 years of age as determined by the conductivity method fell between 143 to 160.5 mEq./l. The mean was 153. Standard deviations for each age group are given. The values in 73 normal persons above the age of 12 varied from 142 to 160.5 mEq./l. The mean was 147 mEq./l. A statistically significant difference between the total serum base in children and adults was found.

scholarly journals A critical statistical study of experimental data on the effect of minute electric currents on the growth rate of the coleoptile of barley

1926 ◽  
Vol 99 (695) ◽  
pp. 122-130 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Statistical Study ◽  
Pure Line ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Electric Currents ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Case Based

A study of the effect of very minute electric currents on the rate of growth of the coleoptile of barley was published recently by one of us (F. G. G.) in collaboration. In this paper the mean rate of a number of control coleoptiles was compared with the mean rate of a number exposed to a minute electric discharge. The growth rate of individual coleoptiles showed, naturally, considerable divergences, so the mean result was in each case based on the observation of a large number of coleoptiles, the increments of growth of individual coleoptiles being stated as percentages of the rate of growth during the first hour of observation. It was assumed that the distribution of growth rates in a comparatively large sample of a pure-line barley would conform with the normal distribution; the probable errors of the mean results were therefore calculated in the ordinary way. During the continuation of this work positive results have been obtained in further experimental sets, but a number of these, though significant in the mass, were individually without significance. This suggested that a careful statistical study of the data on which the results were based might show how the accuracy of the method could be increased. Such a study has accordingly been undertaken, and it seems probable that methods employed are likely to be of use in the treatment of similar data.

scholarly journals THE GROWTH AND DURATION OF LIFE OF CELOSIA CRISTATA SEEDLINGS AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES

1934 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 763-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas I. Edwards ◽  
Raymond Pearl ◽  
Sophia A. Gould
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Hypocotyl Length ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Life Duration ◽  
Celosia Cristata ◽  
The Mean

Daily measurements of hypocotyl length were made on Celosia cristata seedlings cultured in darkness under aseptic conditions at six constant temperatures between 14.5° and 40.5°C. At 40.5° roots did not penetrate the agar and only the hypocotyls that were supported by the wall of the test tube could be measured. The growth curves were of the generalized logistic type, but of different degrees of skewness. The degree of symmetry of the growth curves was influenced by temperature. At the lower temperatures the maximal growth rate came relatively late in the grand period of growth; at successively higher temperatures it came progressively earlier. The mean total time rate of growth (millimeter per diem) was found to be a parabolic function of the temperature. The maximum rate of growth was found from the curve to be at 30.48°C. The maximum observed rate of growth, and the maximum yield, were found to be at 30°C. At all temperatures above 14.5° the maximum growth activity fell in the second quarter of the whole growth period. At all temperatures tested other than 30°, and at all parts of the growth cycle, the growth yield as measured by height of hypocotyl at any given equivalent point was less than at 30°. The total duration of life of the seedlings, and the duration of life after the end of the growth period (intermediate period) were inversely proportional to the mean total growth rate. The observations on Celosia cristata seedlings are thus in accord with the "rate of living" theory of life duration. The optimal temperature for life duration is the minimum temperature, within the range of these observations.

Growth of Juvenile Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) Under Different Feeding Regimes

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1631-1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. LeBrasseur
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
Juvenile Chum Salmon ◽  
The Mean

Juvenile chum salmon were fed on six different concentrations of size-selected zooplankton for 8 weeks. Zooplankton were caught daily and sorted through sieves into size-groups roughly as follows: 6–20 mm total length, mainly euphausiids; 2.5–4.5 mm, mainly copepods; and ≤ 1.5 mm, mainly small copepods. The rate of growth in weight of the fish was found to be dependent upon the concentration of the ration. Fish which were offered no food lost weight, and fish which were offered excess food increased in weight by 5.4% per day. The mean growth rate of the fish held on fixed rations ranged from 2.2 to 5.7% per day and was found to be independent of the type of prey. Electivity experiments showed that all the fish selected copepods 1.6–4.5 mm long in proportion to their abundance and rejected copepods ≤ 1.5 mm. The euphausiids were selected only by fish which had previously fed on euphausiids. The effect of variations in the availability of prey is discussed.

Postembryonic growth and development of Caridina nilotica aruensis Roux (Decapoda: Atyidae) reared in the laboratory

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
JP Glaister
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Larval Life ◽  
Freshwater Shrimps ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Standard Deviations

The larval growth and development of C. n. aruensis reared in the laboratory is described and illustrated. Four zoeal and one post-zoeal stages were found to occur with an approximate time between hatching and metamorphosis of 14 days. The mean egg size was 0.64 by 0.40 mm with standard deviations of 0.042 and 0.028 respectively, whilst the mean number of eggs per egg mass was 74 (s.d. 15.2). The large egg size of C. n. aruensis is correlated with an abbreviated larval life and is a feature of many freshwater shrimps. Zoeal locomotion was thoracic whilst that of the post-zoea was abdominal. The growth rate of C. n. aruensis is described.

LA CROISSANCE EN LONGUEUR ET EN POIDS DES AMIA CALVA L. DE LA RÉGION DE MONTRÉAL

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 797-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Cartier ◽  
Étienne Magnin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Maximum Length ◽  
Log P ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Back Calculation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Logarithmic Equation ◽  
Amia Calva

The age of 80 bowfins (Amia calva L.) from the Montreal area has been read from the scales, the gular plate, and the otoliths. Both sexes have the same growth rate. The growth in length of all specimens collected can be summarized in one logarithmic equation: log L = 2.35137 + 0.54922 log A, where L is the total length (in mm) and A the age group. All the age groups can then be described by a particular measured mean length and also by a back-calculated mean length. The ponderal growth is obtained first from the mean weight of different classes, and then from the length–weight relation: log P = −4.961 + 2.992 log L, in which P is the weight (in g) and L the mean length (in mm) determined by back calculation. Maximum length and weight recorded were 870 mm and 6800 g respectively; a 12-year life span seems to be rarely exceeded. The results are compared with those available in the literature.

Variability in Head Circumference Growth Rate During the First 2 Years of Life

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-192
Author(s):  
M. Jaffe ◽  
Y. Tal ◽  
B. Hadad ◽  
E. Tirosh ◽  
A. Tamir
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Clinical Interpretation ◽  
Total Cohort ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Standard Deviations

The head circumference (HC) curves were plotted for a group of 415 healthy full-term babies over the first 2 years of life. Two hundred ten (51%) of the cohort demonstrated HC variability, defined as an HC acceleration or deceleration of at least 1 centile curve for at least 2 months. Of these, the deceleration pattern was predominant (80.9%), and also frequently permanent (87%). The HCs of 3 (1.42%) of 210 infants with HC variability ended up with a deviation of 2 standard deviations or more from the mean. The onset of HC transition occurred from the mean age of 1.3 months, and the new curve had stabilized by age 13 months In 95% of the study group. Parallel changes occurred In body weight and body length In approximately 48% of the total cohort, but more frequently in the variable-HC group. The clinical interpretation of these findings is discussed.

IMPORTANCE OF AGE, SEX AND BODY HABITUS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY FROM THE PRECORDIAL ELECTROCARDIOGRAM IN CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 705-711
Author(s):  
Colin H. M. Walker ◽  
Raymond L. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Body Habitus ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Standard Deviations

The electrocardiographic records of 849 normal individuals between the age of 1 and 16 years were studied, and the arithmetic sum of the voltages SV2 and RV5 were calculated. Values considerably in excess of those usually quoted were found to exist in this age group, the mean being 38.0 mm ± 9.7 and the range 15 mm to 65 mm. A new set of means and standard deviations for this index have been prepared. Variations in these values are evident with advancing age, and these appear to be related to sex. Whereas there is no difference in voltages between the sexes in children under the age of 11 years, over this age the females present values which become progressively smaller with the advance of puberty (both in relation to their previous values and to the values found in males), reaching a mean level 17 mm lower than that of the males by the age of 16 years. The males show no significant difference in voltage after and before the age of 11 years, while the females do. The possible causes for these trends have been briefly discussed. As a result of this study and in contradistinction to adult experience it is considered unwise to rely on precordial voltage alone as an index of left ventricular hypertrophy unless the SV2 + RV5 value is greater than 60 mm in children less than 11 years of age, or greater than 55 mm in females and 65 mm in males past 11 years of age.

Weaning weight of pigs and litter sampling with reference to litter size

1937 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Buchanan Smith ◽  
H. P. Donald
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
General Relation ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Significant Regression ◽  
The Individual

1. Following an examination of weaning weight with respect to litter size, it is concluded that no general relation between the two exists. Although a significant regression of weight on litter size was found, it appears probable that in herds where the relation between fertility and milk yield is different, such a regression will not necessarily be found.2. A sampling experiment was carried out to determine the extent to which a sample might be expected to represent the whole litter. A correlation of 0·96 was found between the mean growth rate of samples consisting of the four pigs nearest the average at weaning and the mean of the whole litter. This represents a loss of 8 per cent of the information. With three or two pigs chosen in the same way the loss was greater. Samples of four pigs chosen at random did not give results significantly different from those of the four pigs nearest the average. The choice of the heaviest four pigs resulted in a loss of 15 per cent of the information.3. The slight difference between the results from the random sample and the sample of the four average pigs indicated that there must have been only a small correlation, between weaning weight and subsequent rate of growth. An analysis of post-weaning rate of growth showed that the intra-class correlation of pigs of the same weaning weight was 0·15. Individual weight at weaning would therefore appear to be of slight value in estimating subsequent performance.4. Intra-litter correlations of growth rate for litter classes eight and nine were found to be 0·3 and 0·5. These values are higher than those found by others, probably as a result of the inclusion of the pre-weaning period in the calculation of the growth rates. There would appear to be grounds for believing that at least a fifth of the individual variance may be accounted for by additive gene effects.

A STUDY OF SERUM URIC ACID LEVELS IN PREECLAMPSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushma Goad ◽  
Anita Verma ◽  
Subhash Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Uric Acid Level ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Serum Uric Acid Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy ◽  
Level Elevation ◽  
The Mean

Background: To Study Serum Uric Acid level elevation in Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy. Methods: 50 Patients diagnosed as having Pre-eclampsia with age between 18-37 years and 50 controls with similar age group. Results: The mean serum uric acid level in control group was 3.41 ± 0.62 and in patient 7.01 ± 0.58 which was statistically significant (p =0.001). Conclusion: Serum uric acid levels were significantly higher in preeclampsia could be a useful indicator of fetal complication in preeclampsia patients. Keywords: serum uric acid, preeclampsia, laboratory.

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