The Economics of French Rule in Indochina: A Biography of Paul Bernard (1892–1960)

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 807-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Hardy
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
State Planning ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Finance House ◽  
Colonial Economy ◽  
Overseas Territories

This article uses a biography of banker and economist Paul Bernard to describe the debates that influenced economic policy makers and business circles during the last quarter century of French rule in Indochina. Bernard, from the Great Depression through to his death in 1960, exercised considerable influence on the way French leaders thought about the economy of their Southeast Asian colony and of their overseas territories as a whole. As a financier, he also played a part in its shaping. This article outlines his business activities, especially as managing director of the French and Colonial Finance Company (SFFC), an important colonial finance house, and is to this extent a business history. Bernard, finally, participated in the state planning of the colonial economy during the heyday of French interventionism. From the point of view of his involvement, the article describes the role of the state in colonial economic development. His involvement was both constructive, in the drawing up of Indochina's industrialization plans, and critical, in repeated attacks on what he saw as misguided or irrelevant policy. He did not confine his comments to economic matters, and his criticism of the administration of Indochina may be taken as a running commentary of the final decades of France's colonial engagement in Southeast Asia.

MODERN PROBLEMS OF FORMING THE DISCOURSE IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF SOCIAL SECURITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
S. Kononov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Philosophical Discussion ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Social

The article is devoted to the analysis of the problems of a social security modern discourse formation in the framework of a philosophical discussion of the transformation processes of the formation vector of the state security policy. The task of the article, according to the author, is to present the problem of security in conditions when it ceases to be understood, as a concept associated with the idea of preserving the integrity of a state or nation, and functions as a phenomenon with the broadest possible social parameters. Using the methodology of phenomenological, hermeneutic and comparative analysis, the new areas of security research, common difference of which is social and personal orientation are analyzed. The author pays attention to the features of the methodology of works reflecting the point of view of the modern state, works related to the development of a systematic approach to security, works based on an axiological approach and concludes that, despite the expansion of security interpretations, all these approaches retain a common ideological foundation. presupposing the need to preserve the leading role of the state in the field of social security, including the security of the individual and society and the state. All these approaches are based on the policy of responding to emerging threats to the Russian state and do not reflect the needs of a comprehensive strategic goal-setting covering the sphere of socio-economic development of the social system. This circumstance, according to the author, leads to the formation of a security strategy that exists only in the name of protecting the state and does not imply feedback between the state and the social institutions that the state is going to protect, which leads to the ineffectiveness of modern protection measures and the need to find new ways to justify the need for this protection, a new definition of its content and essence

The Elusive Harmony between Government and Market Roles

2020 ◽  
pp. 179-200
Author(s):  
Vito Tanzi
Keyword(s):  
Great Depression ◽  
The State ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
New Harmony ◽  
The 1960S

At any moment in time there ought to be some harmony between the intervention of the state that the market requires (to correct its market failures), and that citizens demand (to promote equity and a desirable income distribution) and the actual government intervention. This chapter argues that such harmony may have existed in the years when laissez faire was in place and was broadly accepted by those who had political power. The harmony became less and less evident in the later decades of the nineteenth century and during the Great Depression. There seemed to have been greater harmony in the 1960s. That harmony went down in the late 1970s and in the 1980s. It might have been partly restored in the 1990s, with a different conception of the role of the state, with less state and more market, at least in some countries. The harmony broke down again with the Great Recession in 2008–10, There is now, once again, a search for a new paradigm that would indicate the existence of a new harmony.

The role of the state in the development of inclusive tourism

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-53
Author(s):  
Наталья Логунова ◽  
Natalya Logunova ◽  
Жанна Доценко ◽  
Zhanna Dotsenko
Keyword(s):  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Limited Mobility ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Free Environment

The article actualizes the necessity for the inclusive tourism development and establishes its importance for people with disabilities. It is revealed that the implementation of the state policy in the field of inclusive tourism and development planning of this sector at national and regional levels must meet two principles. The fist principle is "universal design", which provides the creation of a barrier-free environment for the unimpeded access to facilities and services to all citizens regardless of their existing disability. The second one is "reasonable accommodation" through creating adaptive social environment from the point of view of the necessity and possibility commensuration by means of adapting the environment to the needs of people with disabilities, on the basis of which the principal guidelines and key priorities in the sphere of state regulation of this type of tourism are formulated. The analysis of the content of the state program "Accessible Environment" and the scope of the methodology is carried out. The latter allows to objectify and systematize the accessibility of facilities and services in priority areas of life of people with disabilities, the most significant of which are: the organization of monitoring the accessibility of facilities and services for people with disabilities; the development of services and organizations that provide these services considering the needs of the disabled and other people with limited mobility; the development of plans and programs for adaptation through the development of social infrastructure; preparation and dissemination of information and reference materials. This allowed us to indicate the main directions of the regional policy covering economic, social, environmental and technological aspects. Each aspect includes a corresponding set of methods and tools of state support in the development of inclusive tourism.

Civil society

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean L. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Critical Force ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Community ◽  
Formal Economy ◽  
Role Of The State

In modern social and political philosophy civil society has come to refer to a sphere of human activity and a set of institutions outside state or government. It embraces families, churches, voluntary associations and social movements. The contrast between civil society and state was first drawn by eighteenth-century liberals for the purpose of attacking absolutism. Originally the term civil society (in Aristotelian Greek, politike koinonia) referred to a political community of equal citizens who participate in ruling and being ruled. In the twentieth century the separation of philosophy from social sciences, and the greatly expanded role of the state in economic and social life, have seemed to deprive the concept of both its intellectual home and its critical force. Yet, approaching the end of the century, the discourse of civil society is now enormously influential. What explains the concept’s revival? Does it have any application in societies that are not constitutional democracies? From a normative point of view, what distinguishes civil society from both the state and the formal economy?

Russian parliamentary elections 1993–2016: an overview

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek S. Hutcheson
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Party System ◽  
The State ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Electoral Process ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Changing Role

The chapter focuses on providing an overview of the role of the State Duma in Russia’s political system, and introduces the key actors within it throughout the post-Soviet Union period. It begins with a brief history of the evolution of the electoral process and party system from the late Soviet period to the present day. It then introduces the main political parties in the Russian electoral process, and the ‘family tree’ of such organisations from 1993 to 2016. Finally, it examines the changing role of the State Duma throughout the first quarter-century of its existence, as it has moved from a fledgling institution to a fully established part of the machinery of government.

Foreign States in Domestic Markets

2021 ◽  
pp. 132-150
Author(s):  
Mark Thatcher ◽  
Tim Vlandas
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Strategies ◽  
Sovereign Wealth Funds ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Domestic Markets ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Domestic Economies

Comparison of the four countries shows that internationalized statism has developed in the UK, France, and Germany in ways that appear surprising given both popular and academic writings, although there are important cross-national differences in its forms. The US has seen the lowest level of internationalized statism, whereas the UK has pursued extensive and undirected internationalized statism. France and Germany occupy intermediate and more directed forms of internationalized statism. The findings cannot be fully explained by the Sovereign Wealth Funds’ (SWFs’) countries of origin and their choice of investments and also run counter to several expectations about the role of the state and general economic openness. Instead, the chapter offers a political and statist analysis of the growth of internationalized statism by looking within the state, notably at its structure, and the political strategies of policy makers. It also develops wider implications for political economy debates. The findings add to new statist arguments that the state is an active participant in internationalized and liberalized financial markets. Policy makers can use overseas state investors to pursue their domestic political strategies and adapt traditional forms of ‘industrial policies’. Internationalized statism shows that states can use developments in financial markets to find new resources and allies from overseas states to govern their domestic economies. By bringing in the state as an international investor, it shows how liberalization and internationalization can offer novel opportunities for states.

State Sector Reform and Agriculture in China

2006 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 277-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Waldron ◽  
Colin Brown ◽  
John Longworth
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Sector Reform ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
State Sector ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Transfer Of Functions ◽  
Administrative Service

China's state sector reform process is examined through the key sector of agriculture. A preview of aggregate statistics and broader reform measures indicate the declining role of the state. However, a systematic analysis of administrative, service and enterprise structures reveal the nuances of how the state has retained strong capacity to guide development of the agricultural sector. State and Party policy makers aim not only to support the livelihoods of hundreds of millions of farmers, but also to pursue agricultural modernization in the context of rapid industrialization. These goals are unlikely to be achieved through a wholesale transfer of functions to the private sector, so the state has maintained or developed new mechanisms of influence, particularly in the areas of service provision and enterprise development.

scholarly journals Políticas de administração e gestão em países da Lusofonia: Perspectivas críticas sobre a Nova Gestão Pública e a pós-burocracia em educação

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Almerindo Janela Afonso ◽  
Geovana Mendonça Lunardi Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Public Management ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Regulation ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
New Public ◽  
Private Management

In recent decades, the New Public Management has achieved a central role. This centrality, among other things, is translated by the incorporation and implementation of the business rationale and private management in public institutions and organizations. Many sectorial reforms have followed these principles, some of which have been implemented in the redefinition of the role of the State and in changes in the procedures of public administration. Also, it induced other changes in the modes of social regulation in the context of the increasing internationalization of capitalism. Following these changes, the obsession (often more rhetorical than real) with the effectiveness and efficiency of the State is now understood in the framework of a post-bureaucratic rationality. However, the new rationality was little mobilized in the following texts, as happened with hyper bureaucracy—contrary to the wish this dossier’s editors. This observation does not fail to reveal that the ideology of the New Public Management is still the hegemonic reference in the field of research and reflection in the field of social and education sciences. Nevertheless, from our point of view what comes as most striking in the contributions that follow is that many of the promises of the different versions of the New Public Management ideology have either not been fulfilled or were only partially achieved, representing the compelling criticism to the ideology summarized in the idea that managing is very different than governing. In conclusion, this dossier aims, among other aspects and in different Lusophony national contexts, to analyze reforms and public education policies (with a predominance of administration and management, evaluation and accountability, privatization and marketization), that implicit or explicitly, assume, to varying degrees of critical deepening and/ or theoretical-conceptual and empirical support, some of the assumptions mentioned above, which the authors chose to prioritize.

scholarly journals Global perspectives on volunteerism

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 456-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Halsall ◽  
Ian Cook ◽  
Paresh Wankhade
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Perspectives ◽  
Academic Texts ◽  
Role Of The State

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the concept of volunteerism in three different case countries, namely, that of USA, UK and China while highlighting the role of the state, society and social capital. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews the extant literature on the volunteering traditions in the chosen case study countries highlighting the idiosyncrasies while analysing implications for future research. Findings – The paper highlights the role of the state, society and social capital in the chosen countries, each deriving its origins from the specific traditions in those countries. Research limitations/implications – This paper provides a conceptual review focusing on the key literature in the field. The authors have examined various academic texts and published materials. Practical implications – This paper provided an update critically discussion on the concept of volunteerism in three different case countries. Social implications – This paper is highly relevant to academics and social policy makers. Moreover, this paper has been written from an international context. Originality/value – The paper makes an original contribution by comparing and contrasting three important countries with different histories and traditions of volunteerism highlighting diversity of type and application.

Alsatian Catholics Against the State, 1918–25

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jena M. Gaines
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Third Republic ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The People ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Republic

The years that followed the return of Alsace and Lorraine to France after World War I proved that reunion was a complicated and painful process. The potential for misunderstanding, if not outright conflict, between Alsatians and French policy-makers was from the outset grossly underestimated by virtually everyone on both sides. Alsatians saw no incompatibility between the wish to preserve their regional cultural personality, or particularism, and their loyalty to France. The believers in the ‘Republic one and indivisible’, however, did. The preservation of Alsatian particularism, especially in language and religion, was regarded by French politicians as the perpetuation of German cultural and political influence. The end of the armistice celebrations and the introduction of a transitional administration brought the realisation that the cultural gulf between France and Alsace, widened by years of separation following the Treaty of Frankfurt of 1871, could not be legislated away. With few exceptions, the people on both sides of the Rhine who welcomed the end of the annexation had assumed that the commitment to reunion was sufficient to make it a success.1 This belief was nowhere more rapidly disproven than in the matter of religion. The enforcement of French legislation ending the role of the state in overseeing the congregations became the flash-point between the Catholic majority in Alsace and the Third Republic.

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