scholarly journals Associations of Diet and Plasma BCAA Concentrations in Healthy Men and Women – Results from the KarMeN Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedikt Merz ◽  
Manuela Rist ◽  
Achim Bub ◽  
Bernhard Watzl
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Reduced Rank Regression ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDiet is the only source of the essential branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) isoleucine, leucine and valine. High plasma concentrations of these amino acids are discussed as risk factors for the onset of several diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) or cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Information about the contribution of the overall diet to plasma levels of these amino acids is controversial. Our objective was to investigate which dietary pattern is associated with plasma BCAA concentrations in a healthy population and which other additional nutrients besides isoleucine, leucine and valine, such as other amino acids, may contribute to the diseases risk.The Karlsruhe Metabolomics and Nutrition (KarMeN) study is a cross-sectional study aiming to determine the impact of a number of factors on the human metabolome in healthy men and women aged 18 and 80 years. In our study, fasting plasma amino acid concentrations as well as current and habitual dietary intake were assessed in 298 apparently healthy individuals, 171 men (57.4%) and 127 women (42.6%) with a mean age of 44.5 and 51.6 years, respectively. All reported foods were summarized into 35 food groups. Dietary patterns were derived that explain as much variation as possible in plasma BCAA concentrations using reduced rank regression. The first derived current dietary pattern covering the diet of the past 24 hours, showed 19.2% of explained variance for BCAA plasma concentrations, whereas the first habitual dietary pattern, covering a period of more than 4 weeks, explained 32.5%. For further analysis, we focused on the first derived habitual dietary pattern. This pattern was high in meat, sausages, sauces, eggs, and ice cream but low in nuts, cereals, mushrooms, and pulses. The age, sex, and energy intake adjusted dietary pattern score was associated with an increase in animal-based protein and at the same a decrease in plant-based protein, dietary fibre and an unfavorable fatty acid composition. Amino acids alanine, lysine and the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan were positively associated with the dietary pattern score as well. All of these factors were reported to be associated with risk of T2D and CVD.Our data suggest that rather than the dietary intake of BCAA, the overall dietary pattern contributing to high BCAA plasma concentrations may modulate the chronic diseases risk.

scholarly journals The impact of Hayward green kiwifruit on dietary protein digestion and protein metabolism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanghee Park ◽  
David D. Church ◽  
Carlene Starck ◽  
Scott E. Schutzler ◽  
Gohar Azhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Protein Digestion ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Green Kiwifruit

Abstract Purpose The purpose of the study was to determine if an actinidin protease aids gastric digestion and the protein anabolic response to dietary protein. Methods Hayward green kiwifruit (containing an actinidin protease) and Hort 16A gold kiwifruit (devoid of actinidin protease) were given in conjunction with a beef meal to healthy older subjects. Twelve healthy older males (N = 6) and females (N = 6) were studied with a randomized, double-blinded, crossover design to assess muscle and whole-body protein metabolism before and after ingestion of kiwifruit and 100 g of ground beef. Subjects consumed 2 of each variety of kiwifruit daily for 14 d prior to each metabolic study, and again during each study with beef intake. Results Hayward green kiwifruit consumption with beef resulted in a more rapid increase in peripheral plasma essential amino acid concentrations. There were significant time by kiwifruit intake interactions for plasma concentrations of EAAs, branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), and leucine (P < 0.01). However, there was no difference in the total amount of EAAs absorbed. As a result, there were no differences between kiwifruit in any of the measured parameters of protein kinetics. Conclusion Consumption of Hayward green kiwifruit, with a beef meal facilitates protein digestion and absorption of the constituent amino acids as compared to Hort 16A gold kiwifruit. Clinical trial NCT04356573, April 21, 2020 “retrospectively registered”.

scholarly journals Sex differences in the impact of the Mediterranean diet on cardiovascular risk profile

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (8) ◽  
pp. 1428-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Bédard ◽  
Mélissa Riverin ◽  
Sylvie Dodin ◽  
Louise Corneau ◽  
Simone Lemieux
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
The Impact

The traditional Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is now widely recommended in the prevention of CVD. However, it is not known whether the MedDiet has the same beneficial cardiovascular effects in women and in men. The objective of the present study was to investigate sex-related differences with regard to changes in cardiometabolic variables in response to a 4-week isoenergetic MedDiet. Participants were thirty-eight men and thirty-two premenopausal women aged between 25 and 50 years who had slightly elevated LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations (3·4–4·9 mmol/l) or total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio ≥ 5·0. A 4-week run-in period preceded the MedDiet in order to control the inter- and intra-individual variability. Cardiometabolic variables were measured before and after the MedDiet. Total cholesterol, LDL-C, apoB and apoA-1 plasma concentrations as well as diastolic blood pressure decreased (P < 0·05) in both men and women (respectively, 10, 10, 10, 6 and 5 % for men and 6, 7, 9, 4 and 4 % for women). ApoA-2 concentrations and insulin concentrations 2 h after the oral administration of 75 g of glucose demonstrated sex × time interactions (respectively, P = 0·05 and P = 0·03) and only men experienced a decrease for these variables (respectively, 8 and 25 %). In conclusion, consuming a MedDiet led to significant changes in plasma lipid profile in both men and women, while only men had significant improvements in insulin homeostasis. These results support the importance of investigating sex-related differences in response to diet in order to perhaps further individualise dietary guidelines in the prevention of CVD and type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Plasma BCAA concentrations during exercise of varied intensities in young healthy men—the impact of endurance training

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10491
Author(s):  
Anna Gawedzka ◽  
Marcin Grandys ◽  
Krzysztof Duda ◽  
Justyna Zapart-Bukowska ◽  
Jerzy A. Zoladz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Incremental Exercise ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Background Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) i.e., leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile) and valine (Val) are important amino acids, which metabolism play a role in maintaining system energy homeostasis at rest and during exercise. As recently shown lowering of circulating BCAA level improves insulin sensitivity and cardiac metabolic health. However, little is known concerning the impact of a single bout of incremental exercise and physical training on the changes in blood BCAA. The present study aimed to determine the impact of a gradually increasing exercise intensity—up to maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) on the changes of the plasma BCAA [∑BCAA]pl, before and after 5-weeks of moderate-intensity endurance training (ET). Methods Ten healthy young, untrained men performed an incremental cycling exercise test up to exhaustion to reach VO2max, before and after ET. Results We have found that exercise of low-to-moderate intensity (up to ∼50% of VO2max lasting about 12 min) had no significant effect on the [∑BCAA]pl, however the exercise of higher intensity (above 70% of VO2max lasting about 10 min) resulted in a pronounced decrease (p < 0.05) in [∑BCAA]pl. The lowering of plasma BCAA when performing exercise of higher intensity was preceded by a significant increase in plasma lactate concentration, showing that a significant attenuation of BCAA during incremental exercise coincides with exercise-induced acceleration of glycogen utilization. In addition, endurance training, which significantly increased power generating capabilities at VO2max (p = 0.004) had no significant impact on the changes of [∑BCAA]pl during this incremental exercise. Conclusion We have concluded that an exercise of moderate intensity of relatively short duration generally has no effect on the [∑BCAA]pl in young, healthy men, whereas significant decrease in [∑BCAA]pl occurs when performing exercise in heavy-intensity domain. The impact of exercise intensity on the plasma BCAA concentration seems to be especially important for patients with cardiometabolic risk undertaken cardiac rehabilitation or recreational activity.

scholarly journals High-Sugar, High-Saturated-Fat Dietary Patterns Are Not Associated with Depressive Symptoms in Middle-Aged Adults in a Prospective Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 148 (10) ◽  
pp. 1598-1604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Vermeulen ◽  
Anika Knüppel ◽  
Martin J Shipley ◽  
Ingeborg A Brouwer ◽  
Marjolein Visser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Reduced Rank Regression ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
High Sugar

Abstract Background The consumption of unhealthy “Western” dietary patterns has been previously associated with depressive symptoms in different populations. Objective We examined whether high-sugar and high-saturated-fat dietary patterns are associated with depressive symptoms over 5 y in a British cohort of men and women. Methods We used data from the Whitehall II study in 5044 individuals (aged 35–55 y). Diet was assessed at phase 7 (2003–2004) using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were derived by using reduced rank regression with sugar, saturated fat, and total fat as response variables. The Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression (CES-D) scale was used to assess depressive symptoms (CES-D sum score ≥16 and/or use of antidepressant medication) at phase 7 and at phase 9 (2008–2009). We applied logistic regression analyses to test the association between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms. All analyses were stratified by sex. Results In total, 398 cases of recurrent and 295 cases of incident depressive symptoms were observed. We identified 2 dietary patterns: a combined high-sugar and high-saturated-fat (HSHF) and a high-sugar dietary pattern. No association was observed between the dietary patterns and either incidence of or recurrent depressive symptoms in men or women. For example, higher consumption of the HSHF dietary pattern was not associated with recurrent depressive symptoms in men (model 3, quartile 4: OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.36, 1.23; P-trend = 0.13) or in women (model 3, quartile 4: OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 0.58, 2.77; P-trend = 0.97). Conclusion Among middle-aged men and women living in the United Kingdom, dietary patterns containing high amounts of sugar and saturated fat are not associated with new onset or recurrence of depressive symptoms.

Dietary Intake and TCF7L2 rs7903146 T Allele Are Associated with Elevated Blood Glucose Levels in Healthy Individuals

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Isabela Cristina Ramos Podboi ◽  
Sophie Stephenson ◽  
Leta Pilic ◽  
Catherine Anna-Marie Graham ◽  
Alexandra King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Median Percentage ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Hba1c Levels

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a leading cause of global mortality with diet and genetics being considered amongst the most significant risk factors. Recently, studies have identified a single polymorphism of the <i>TCF7L2</i> gene (rs7903146) as the most important genetic contributor. However, no studies have explored this factor in a healthy population and using glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), which is a reliable long-term indicator of glucose management. This study investigates the association of the genetic polymorphism rs7903146 and dietary intake with T2D risk in a population free of metabolic disease. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> T2D risk was assessed using HbA1c plasma concentrations and dietary intake via a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire in 70 healthy participants. <b><i>Results:</i></b> T allele carriers had higher HbA1c levels than the CC group (32.4 ± 7.2 mmol/mol vs. 30.3 ± 7.6 mmol/mol, <i>p</i> = 0.005). Multiple regression reported associations between diet, genotype and HbA1c levels accounting for 37.1% of the variance in HbA1c (adj. <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.371, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). The following macronutrients, expressed as a median percentage of total energy intake (TEI) in the risk group, were positively associated with HbA1c concentration: carbohydrate (≥39% TEI, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.005; 95% CI 0.030/0.130) protein (≥21% TEI, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.005, 95% CI 0.034/0.141), monounsaturated (≥15% TEI <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05, 95% CI 0.006/0.163) and saturated fatty acids (≥13% TEI; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05, 95% CI 0.036/0.188). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Carriers of the T allele showed significantly higher levels of HbA1c compared to non-carriers. Dietary intake affected T2D risk to a greater extent than genetic effects of <i>TCF7L2</i>rs7903146 genotype in a healthy population. The study focus on healthy individuals is beneficial due to the applicability of findings for T2D screening.

scholarly journals Dietary Pattern and Plasma BCAA-Variations in Healthy Men and Women—Results from the KarMeN Study

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedikt Merz ◽  
Lara Frommherz ◽  
Manuela Rist ◽  
Sabine Kulling ◽  
Achim Bub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Healthy Men

scholarly journals Acute effects of ingestion of a novel whey-derived extract on vascular endothelial function in overweight, middle-aged men and women

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 882-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin D. Ballard ◽  
Brian R. Kupchak ◽  
Brittanie M. Volk ◽  
Eunice Mah ◽  
Aida Shkreta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Plasma Amino Acids ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Function ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Impact

Whey protein intake reduces CVD risk, but little is known whether whey-derived bioactive peptides regulate vascular endothelial function (VEF). We determined the impact of a whey-derived extract (NOP-47) on VEF in individuals with an increased cardiovascular risk profile. Men and women with impaired brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) (n 21, age 55 (sem 1·3) years, BMI 27·8 (sem 0·6) kg/m2, FMD 3·7 (sem 0·4) %) completed a randomised, cross-over study to examine whether ingestion of NOP-47 (5 g) improves postprandial VEF. Brachial artery FMD, plasma amino acids, insulin, and endothelium-derived vasodilators and vasoconstrictors were measured for 2 h after ingestion of NOP-47 or placebo. Acute NOP-47 ingestion increased FMD at 30 min (4·6 (sem 0·5) %) and 120 min (5·1 (sem 0·5) %) post-ingestion (P< 0·05, time × trial interaction), and FMD responses at 120 min were significantly greater in the NOP-47 trial compared with placebo (4·3 (sem 0·5) %). Plasma amino acids increased at 30 min following NOP-47 ingestion (P< 0·05). Serum insulin increased at 15, 30 and 60 min (P< 0·001) following NOP-47 ingestion. No changes were observed between the trials for plasma NO∙ and prostacyclin metabolites or endothelin-1. Ingestion of a rapidly absorbed extract derived from whey protein improved endothelium-dependent dilation in older adults by a mechanism independent of changes in circulating vasoactive compounds. Future investigation is warranted in individuals at an increased CVD risk to further elucidate potential health benefits and the underlying mechanisms of extracts derived from whey.

scholarly journals Rapid protein disappearance rates along the small intestine advantage poultry performance and influence the post-enteral availability of amino acids

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (12) ◽  
pp. 1031-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ha H. Truong ◽  
Peter V. Chrystal ◽  
Amy F. Moss ◽  
Peter H. Selle ◽  
Sonia Yun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation ◽  
Intestinal Segments ◽  
Dietary Transition ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Crystalline Amino Acids ◽  
The Impact

AbstractA foundation diet, an intermediate blend and a summit diet were formulated with different levels of soyabean meal, casein and crystalline amino acids to compare ‘slow’ and ‘rapid’ protein diets. The diets were offered to male Ross 308 chicks from 7 to 28 d post-hatch and assessed parameters included growth performance, nutrient utilisation, apparent digestibility coefficients and disappearance rates of starch and protein (N) in four small intestinal segments. Digestibility coefficients and disappearance rates of sixteen amino acids in three small intestinal segments and amino acid concentrations in plasma from portal and systemic circulations from the foundation and summit diets were determined. The dietary transition significantly accelerated protein (N) disappearance rates in the distal jejunum and ileum. The transition from foundation to summit diets significantly increased starch digestibility coefficients in the ileum and disappearance rates in all four small intestinal segments. These starch responses were associated with significant enhancements in nutrient utilisation. The dietary transition linearly increased digestibility coefficients and disappearance rates of amino acids in the majority of cases. The summit diet increased plasma concentrations of five amino acids but decreased those of four amino acids relative to the foundation diet to significant extents. Plasma concentrations of free amino acids were higher in the portal than systemic circulations. Rapid protein disappearance rates advantaged poultry performance and influenced post-enteral availability of amino acids. If the underlying mechanisms are to be identified, further research into the impact of protein digestive dynamics on broiler performance is required but appears justified.

Plasma amino acids, prolactin, insulin and glucose concentrations in lactating sows following venous infusion of isoleucine, leucine, lysine, threonine or valine

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. G. de Ridder ◽  
C. Farmer ◽  
C. F. M. de Lange ◽  
A. K. Shoveller ◽  
P. H. Luimes
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Plasma Amino Acids ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Venous Infusion

de Ridder, K. A. G., Farmer, C., de Lange, C. F. M., Shoveller, A. K. and Luimes, P. H. 2014. Plasma amino acids, prolactin, insulin and glucose concentrations in lactating sows following venous infusion of isoleucine, leucine, lysine, threonine or valine. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 323–330. The amino acid supply to lactating sows affects their milk yield, and the current study aims at establishing whether this is mediated via increases in concentrations of insulin and prolactin, two hormones that are important for lactation. Six multiparous Yorkshire sows (252.8±18.5 kg body weight) were fitted with an ear vein catheter and were used in a 6×6 Latin square design experiment from days 7 to 10 of lactation (am and pm infusions on 3 consecutive days). Sows were fed a commercial corn and soybean meal diet (17.1% crude protein) three times daily (1.5 kg at 0600 and 1200, 3.0 kg at 1830). Starting 2 h after the 0600 or 1200 feeding, sows received an infusion of saline (control), isoleucine, leucine, lysine, threonine or valine at a rate of 33 mL min−1during 30 min. The infused dose was equivalent to 18±0.9% of true ileal digestible intake for each of the amino acids. Serial blood samples were taken, starting 30 min prior to infusion and until 240 min after infusion. Plasma concentrations of amino acids, prolactin, insulin, and glucose were determined. Data were analyzed as repeated measurements and also using areas under the curve. Intravenous infusion with each of the five amino acids studied increased the corresponding free plasma amino acid concentrations (P<0.05). However, concentrations of prolactin, insulin, and glucose were not affected by infusion of any of the amino acids studied (P>0.10). Therefore, supplying intravenously 18% of the daily intake of isoleucine, leucine, lysine, threonine or valine brings about expected increases in amino acids, but does not alter the short-term response in prolactin, insulin or glucose concentrations of lactating sows.

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