Prioritizing threats to improve conservation strategy for the tiger Panthera tigris in the Sundarbans Reserve Forest of Bangladesh

AbstractTigers Panthera tigris face a wide and complex array of threats. Given limited time and resources it is essential to direct conservation actions based on the relative importance of each threat. The Sundarbans Reserve Forest is the last stronghold of tigers in Bangladesh and supports one of the largest populations of tigers in the world. As in other tiger landscapes, the threats faced by the tigers have yet to be assessed. This study follows an approach developed by The Nature Conservancy to identify and prioritize threats and set a time-frame for their reduction. We identified a total of 23 threats; four were linked to tigers, two to prey and 17 to habitat. Of the identified threats, the highest ranked included poaching of tigers, poaching of prey, sea-level rise, upstream water extraction/divergence, wood collection, fishing, and harvesting of other aquatic resources. All threats were then scheduled for reduction, based on the rank and current information base for each threat and the likely time-frame for implementing potential solutions. This study demonstrates how the application of a prioritization framework can greatly improve the focus and likelihood of success of any species- or ecosystem-based conservation programme.

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Environmental Sustainability in Nigeria: The “Awareness” Imperative

African Issues ◽

10.1017/s1548450500006600 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 32 (1-2) ◽

pp. 41-52

Author(s):

Foluke Ogunleye

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Developing Nations ◽

Conservation Strategy ◽

Awareness Campaigns ◽

World Conservation ◽

The World ◽

Education And Awareness ◽

Stockholm Conference ◽

Nations Environment

The practice of treating the environment with disdain has gradually become unfashionable. Yet in many developing nations, Nigeria among them, environmental education and awareness campaigns remain something regarded as unnecessary. According to Berry (1993: 158):The term “sustainable development” has become a shibboleth of governments and industries, to present a respectful image to a society that is becoming even more strident in its concern for the environment. It is a concept that was projected onto the world by the Stockholm Conference of 1972, and has been carried ever since by the United Nations Environment Programs (UNEP), the World Conservation Union (IUCN), and the World Wildlife Fund for nature (WWF) in their world conservation strategy. It has the ring of truth and worldwide acceptance, but it is poorly understood by those who use it.

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Trends in the evolution of ecology: “Spain is different”

Web Ecology ◽

10.5194/we-4-14-2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 14-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. Cordero Rivera

Keyword(s):

Evolutionary Ecology ◽

Scientific Discipline ◽

Relative Importance ◽

Temporal Development ◽

Physical Systems ◽

Historical Factors ◽

The World ◽

University Department ◽

Evolutionary Concepts ◽

Special Case

Abstract. During the last fifty years ecology has matured as a scientific discipline. In this paper I analyse the temporal development of the paradigm based on physical systems (the ecosystem paradigm), and the evolutionary ecology paradigm. I first analyse the contents of 61 textbooks to calculate the relative importance of ecosystem and evolutionary ecology in the training of new generations of ecologists. Results indicate that the evolutionary approach is becoming more important since 1980, and now most textbooks dedicate 10–20% of their pages to evolutionary concepts. In a second analysis I searched the names of ecology departments in universities around the world, and found out conspicuous differences between USA, where 43% of addresses associate ecology and evolution or behaviour on the same department, and Europe, where only 10% of ecology departments also include a reference to evolution or behaviour in their name. In both analyses Spain seems to follow only the ecosystem paradigm, because Spanish textbooks dedicate almost no pages to evolutionary concepts, and there is not a single university department that includes ecology and evolution. A further bibliometric study confirmed that Spanish ecologists prefer to publish their research in general ecology journals, and are under-represented in evolutionary ecology journals. I discuss the importance of historical factors on the development of paradigms of ecology, and the special case of Spain, likely due to the influence of pioneers working in oceanography, limnology and geography.

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New record of Barrio’s Frog, Insuetophrynus acarpicus Barrio, 1970 (Anura, Rhinodermatidae), in Los Ríos region, Chile

Check List ◽

10.15560/16.5.1519 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 1519-1522

Author(s):

Patricio Contreras Bravo ◽

Fernando Bustos Véliz ◽

Ignacio Rodriguez-Jorquera

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

New Record ◽

National Park ◽

The World ◽

Conservation Actions ◽

A Site

A new record of the Endangered, Chilean endemic Insuetophrynus acarpicus (Barrio 1970) is reported from Alerce Costero National Park, Chile. This species of frog is one of the most threatened anurans in the world, and, consequently, any new record of this species is highly important for assessing its known distribution and proposing urgent conservation actions. The new record is the first known site in the Chaihuín river basin, 15 km northwest of a site described by Segura in 2017. The new record fills a gap of the known distribution of I. acarpicus.

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Selecting key areas for conservation at the regional level: the case of the globally ‘Near Threatened’ Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus in south-east Portugal

Bird Conservation International ◽

10.1017/s0959270912000469 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 168-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

PEDRO M. LOURENÇO ◽

NUNO CURADO ◽

FILIPA LOUREIRO ◽

ALFONSO GODINO ◽

EDUARDO SANTOS

Keyword(s):

Regional Level ◽

Relative Importance ◽

Analytic Hierarchy ◽

Nesting Sites ◽

Conservation Actions ◽

Bibliographic Search ◽

Cinereous Vulture ◽

Suitability Maps ◽

Gis Environment ◽

Hierarchy Process

SummarySince the resources available for nature conservation tend to be very limited, localised conservation actions are often the only feasible management option. Therefore, we must select key areas where these actions will be most effective. Here we used Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) to integrate various variables in a GIS environment and identify key areas for implementing conservation actions benefiting Cinereous Vultures Aegypius monachusin south-east Portugal. Through a bibliographic search, we selected four main variables and sub-variables related to land use, food availability, disturbance and topography. These were weighted for their relative importance using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and combined using WLC to obtain suitability maps for the best nesting and foraging sites for Cinereous Vultures. Overall, the study areas show moderate to high suitability as foraging areas for the species, but only a few small patches seem suitable as nesting sites. The use of GIS-based decision support systems, such as WLC, together with an objective method for weighting variables, like the AHP, allows for the integration of large amounts of cartographic information into suitability maps that can easily be used to select key areas for conservation at the regional level.

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Bibliometric Analysis of Publications in the Scopus Database: A Study at Diponegoro University during 2014-2018

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/201912523001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 125 ◽

pp. 23001

Author(s):

Yos Johan Utama ◽

Budi Setiyono ◽

Jamari ◽

Mohammad Tauviqirrahman ◽

Heru Susanto

Keyword(s):

Research Productivity ◽

Time Frame ◽

Left Behind ◽

Research Activities ◽

The World ◽

World Class ◽

Scopus Database ◽

Prolific Authors ◽

The University ◽

Productive Authors

This paper presents the strategy of Diponegoro University to increase its research productivity towards the world-class university. Bibliometric indicators are employed to characterize the research activities of Diponegoro University, Indonesia with production in the period of 2014-2018 in publications that are indexed in the Scopus database. The number of documents and their comparison with other universities, and productive authors are of particular interest. The results reflect that the university documents improve significantly during the research time frame. In comparison with other top ten universities in Indonesia, for the last five years, Diponegoro University has achieved the fastest rate of publication (up to 471%). However, compared to other universities in neighboring countries, Diponegoro University is still left behind. In addition, it is shown that prolific authors contributing to documents in Scopus are uneven in terms of origin of faculty. Based on these results, a recommendation with respect to the research productivity is discussed in this paper.

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IDENTIFIKASI KEPENTINGAN RELATIF KONSUMEN TERHADAP ROBOT REHABILITASI PASIEN PASCA STROKE DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN CONJOINT ANALYSIS

J TI UNDIP JURNAL TEKNIK INDUSTRI ◽

10.14710/jati.12.1.35-42 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Hasan Mastrisiswadi ◽

Herianto Herianto

Keyword(s):

Developing Country ◽

Conjoint Analysis ◽

Stroke Rehabilitation ◽

Rehabilitation Robot ◽

Relative Importance ◽

Trade Off ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Trade Offs ◽

The World

Robot rehabilitasi pasien pasca stroke saat ini telah dikembangkan oleh negara-negara maju di dunia, tidak terkecuali Indonesia meskipun sebagai negara berkembang. Salah satu pengembang robot rehabilitasi pasien pasca stroke itu berada di Universitas Gadjah Mada yang telah melakukan penelitian beberapa tahun ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kepentingan relatif konsumen terhadap robot rehabilitasi pasien pasca stroke untuk kemudian digunakan sebagai bahan masukan dalam pengembangan robot selanjutnya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Conjoint Analysis. Metode ini memiliki keunggulan dalam menganalisis trade off antar atribut. Dari hasil pengolahan Conjoint Analysis dengan bantuan program SPSS, dapat diketahui bahwa kebutuhan konsumen paling tinggi terhadap robot rehabilitasi pasien stroke adalah dapat dipasangkan ke tangan pasien dengan mudah, baru setelah itu kemampuannya untuk dipakai di kedua tangan (kanan dan kiri) dan material yang digunakan dalam pembuatan robot haruslah aman bagi pasien.AbstractPost-stroke rehabilitation robot has been developed in the world, including Indonesia as a developing country. One of this robot developers is Universitas Gadjah Mada who has conducted research for post stroke rehabilitation robot in recent years. This study aims to identify the consumer’s relative importance of the post-stroke rehabilitation robot that can be used for the next robot development. The method used in this study is Conjoint Analysis. This method has the advantage in analyzing trade-offs between attributes. From this research, we have known that the highest rank of the robot consumer needs are: can be attached to the patient's hand with ease, the ability to be used in both hands (right and left) and the movement of the robot which can be varied according to the needs of the patient.

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Do Democratic Economies Grow Faster? The Case of Asia vs. the EU

Asian Social Science ◽

10.5539/ass.v14n2p115 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 115

Author(s):

Samuel D. Barrows

Keyword(s):

World Bank ◽

Capita Income ◽

Time Frame ◽

Per Capita Income ◽

The World Bank ◽

The World ◽

Per Capita ◽

Economic Growth Rates ◽

The Impact ◽

The Eu

The dynamics of the five fastest growing GDP per capita economies in Asia and the EU are studied between 2010 and 2014. This time frame was selected in order to avoid the height of the 2008-2009 financial crisis, but to include the stimulus and recovery periods which occurred afterward. The intent was not to compare the recoveries or the impact of the stimulus programs. The intent was to compare the economic growth rates of the two groups and also the absolute per capita income along with five topic areas on economies including: configuration, utilization, investments, demographics, and outcomes. A total of twenty measurements are used for assessment from the World Bank databank website. The findings are that the Asian economies grew faster while the EU economies had a higher per capita income. The workforces of the Asia economies are also younger and more flexible whereas the workforces of the EU economies are older, but more educated. Discussions include the links between effective governments and economic development and the links between democracy and economic levels.

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Socio-cultural, Acoustic, and Environmental Imperatives in the World of Singing

The Oxford Handbook of Singing ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199660773.013.020 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 412-430

Author(s):

Robert Walker

Keyword(s):

Acoustic Analysis ◽

Vocal Music ◽

Human Condition ◽

Relative Importance ◽

The West ◽

Popular Entertainment ◽

Cultural System ◽

Cultural Contexts ◽

Cultural Behavior ◽

The World

The practices of vocal music described in this chapter reflect major differences in cultural thinking, comparing those of non-literate societies with that of the West. The rise of vocally based noise music in popular entertainment is discussed as an example of an ersatz form of cultural behavior. The relative importance of acoustic analysis and socio-cultural contexts in the explanation of vocal practices is discussed. It cannot be claimed that a more sophisticated science or mathematics has produced a more powerful or efficient mode of vocal expression. Each cultural system and set of vocal practices has its own integrity and its own relevance to understanding the human condition, and it is only by studying the different vocal practices from within such contexts that their value to humanity as a whole can be appreciated.

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Cephalopods in marine predator diet assessments: why identifying upper and lower beaks is important

ICES Journal of Marine Science ◽

10.1093/icesjms/fsr103 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 68 (9) ◽

pp. 1857-1864 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

José C. Xavier ◽

Richard A. Phillips ◽

Yves Cherel

Keyword(s):

Marine Science ◽

Relative Importance ◽

Future Studies ◽

Marine Predator ◽

Predator Diet ◽

Cephalopod Species ◽

Diomedea Exulans ◽

Wandering Albatross ◽

The World ◽

Different Parts

AbstractXavier, J. C., Phillips, R. A., and Cherel, Y. 2011. Cephalopods in marine predator diet assessments: why identifying upper and lower beaks is important. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1857–1864. Cephalopods are components of the diet of many predators worldwide. They are identified mainly using their chitinized upper and lower beaks, but because it has been assumed that the number of upper and lower beaks would be the same in predator diet samples, more effort has been put into creating keys for the lower beaks, which are more easily identifiable from morphology. A test is made of whether the number of upper and lower beaks differs in diet samples collected from a major cephalopod predator, the wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans), potential biases in the estimation of predator diets are assessed, and upper:lower beak ratios in published studies of other seabirds, seals, whales, and fish from different parts of the world reviewed. The ratio of upper to lower beaks in diet samples from wandering albatrosses varied greatly in a single year (from 69.6% more lower beaks to 59% more upper beaks), and between years (from 0.5 to 32.1% more upper beaks), and biases were greater for certain cephalopod species, resulting in underestimation of their relative importance. Future studies need to consider using both upper and lower beaks to improve the assessment of the contribution of different cephalopods to predator diets.

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A flagship for Austral temperate forest conservation: an action plan for Darwin's frogs brings key stakeholders together

Oryx ◽

10.1017/s0030605319001236 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Claudio Azat ◽

Andrés Valenzuela-Sánchez ◽

Soledad Delgado ◽

Andrew A. Cunningham ◽

Mario Alvarado-Rybak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Planning Process ◽

Action Plan ◽

Iucn Red List ◽

Conservation Strategy ◽

Amphibian Conservation ◽

Non Profit ◽

Private Organizations ◽

Key Stakeholders ◽

Conservation Actions

Abstract Darwin's frogs Rhinoderma darwinii and Rhinoderma rufum are the only known species of amphibians in which males brood their offspring in their vocal sacs. We propose these frogs as flagship species for the conservation of the Austral temperate forests of Chile and Argentina. This recommendation forms part of the vision of the Binational Conservation Strategy for Darwin's Frogs, which was launched in 2018. The strategy is a conservation initiative led by the IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, which in 2017 convened 30 governmental, non-profit and private organizations from Chile, Argentina and elsewhere. Darwin's frogs are iconic examples of the global amphibian conservation crisis: R. rufum is categorized as Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct) on the IUCN Red List, and R. darwinii as Endangered. Here we articulate the conservation planning process that led to the development of the conservation strategy for these species and present its main findings and recommendations. Using an evidence-based approach, the Binational Conservation Strategy for Darwin's Frogs contains a comprehensive status review of Rhinoderma spp., including critical threat analyses, and proposes 39 prioritized conservation actions. Its goal is that by 2028, key information gaps on Rhinoderma spp. will be filled, the main threats to these species will be reduced, and financial, legal and societal support will have been achieved. The strategy is a multi-disciplinary, transnational endeavour aimed at ensuring the long-term viability of these unique frogs and their particular habitat.

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