Is Rhabdospora thelohani (Laguesse) a sporozoan parasite or a tissue cell of lower vertebrates?

Parasitology ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. Bannister
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Golgi Body ◽  
Tissue Cell ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Basal Nucleus ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Electron Microscopes

An examination with light and electron microscopes has been made of the cell type which is considered by some authors to be a sporozoan parasite, Rhabdospora thelohani, and by others to be a tissue cell of fishes and amphibians.The cell type was found in the minnow Phoxinus phoxinus in many tissue sites, including olfactory and pharygneal epithelia, kidney, eyes and brain. In some specimens it could not be found in any tissue.The cell has a thick fibrous wall, a basal nucleus, an apical mitochondrial zone, a Golgi body, and from 8 to 50 characteristic refractile rodlets.The rodlets give a negative reaction to the Feulgen test for nuclear material, but are positive to the periodic acid–Schiff stain, a test for polysaccharide. Glycogen does not appear to be present in the rodlets.Under certain circumstances the rods rupture the cell wall and may protrude in the apical region of the cell.The structures described are discussed with the evidence for and against a parasitic interpretation of the cell. It is concluded that Rhabdospora is a protozoan parasite, whose exact functional and taxonomic status is as yet unknown.I am grateful to Professor G. E. H. Foxon and to Professor P. C. C. Garnham for their encouragement, advice, and helpful criticism of the manuscript. I am further indebted to the National Spastics Society for the use of the electron microscope housed in Guy&s Hospital Medical School, and to Mr I. D. Bradbrook for his assistance with the histological techniques.

scholarly journals The adverse effect of long term intake of Monosodium Glutamate on kidney performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 880 (1) ◽  
pp. 012056
Author(s):  
Amer M. Hussin ◽  
Ali A. Tala’a ◽  
Safa Abdul Naser Fadhil ◽  
Hamzah Abdulrahman Salman
Keyword(s):  
Mesangial Cells ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Treatment Groups

Abstract Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a food additive that is considered as a water and environmental pollutant and affects the tissues of the living being. This study was aimed to find the effect of long-term administration of MSG on the mass of mesangial cells of the kidneys. Forty adult male rats were divided into four groups (10 each). Control groups 1&2 were supplied orally with distilled water for 30 and 60 days, respectively. Treatment groups 1&2 were supplied orally with 15 mg/kg Bwt of MSG for 30 & 60 days, respectively. Control and treatment groups were sacrificed, specimens of kidneys were obtained, fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin, processed by Routine histological techniques, stained by Hematoxylin and eosin, and PAS (Periodic Acid-Schiff) stains then examined under the light microscope. The result found enlargement in a mesangial mass represented by hypertrophy and hyperplasia of mesangial cells leading to mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. Accordingly, the study showed an increase in creatinine values, indicating a disturbance in renal function. This will lead to a decrease in the sizes of the glomeruli of renal corpuscles and a relative increase of Bowman’s space. With the time of the experiment, the glomerular capillaries and gates of basement membranes will be closed, resulting in renal filtration disorders. It was concluded that the long-term intake of MSG leads to indirect narrowing of the glomerular capillary lumen, causing kidney failure.

Acute Exposure to the Neonicotinoid Insecticide Imidacloprid of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Gonads: A Histopathological Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Cansu Akbulut
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Zona Radiata ◽  
Structural Deterioration ◽  
Neonicotinoid Insecticide

Neonicotinoids are the new class of insecticides that are high target specificity to insects. Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid that is the most widely used insecticide in the world. As a result of its widespread use in agriculture, imidacloprid interferes with the aquatic system and threatens the aquatic environment. In this study, an investigation of the histopathological effects of imidacloprid on zebrafish gonads was aimed. Zebrafish were exposed to 9.5 mg/L, 19 mg/L, and 38 mg/L of imidacloprid for 5 days, considering the 96 h LC50 value. After dissecting the gonadal tissues, routine histological techniques were applied, and the tissues were stained with Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS), Toluidine Blue (TB), and Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E). Sections were examined under a light microscope. While normal gonad histology was observed in the control group, histopathological alternations such as degeneration and union in the seminiferous tubules, hypertrophy in spermatogenic and Leydig cells, and interstitial fibrosis were detected in testicular tissue of the experimental groups. In the ovarian tissues of the experimental groups, structural deterioration in oocytes, autolysis, increase in the number of atretic oocytes, vacuolization in cortical alveoli, thickening and curling in the zona radiata, and opening in the perifollicular layers were detected.

Cytological Changes in the Pituitary Gland of the Adult Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) after Gonadectomy

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1147-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. McBride ◽  
A. P. van Overbeeke
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Cytological Features ◽  
Cytological Changes ◽  
Immature Fish

Effects of gonadectomy on the cytological structure of the pituitary gland of sockeye salmon were investigated. Castration of fully grown, but sexually immature, fish appeared to prevent differentiation of any periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) positive cells. On the other hand, castration of mature sockeye induced degranulation of this cell type. These cells later disintegrated. Although the acidophil cells of the proximal pars distalis in the immature castrates showed an apparent increase in number, those in the gonadectomized ripe fish exhibited marked hyperplasia and hypertrophy. In view of the "rejuvenation," including the considerable increase in body weight that occurs after castration of sexually ripe sockeye, it is thought that the changes in the acidophils noted in this experiment may reflect an increased production of growth hormone. Where the gonadectomy was incomplete it was noted that very small remnants of gonad were able to induce, or maintain, all the external secondary characteristics of full sexual maturity. The pituitary of these fish exhibited cytological features intermediate between those of the controls and the complete castrates.

Alterations of Protein, Lipid and Polysaccharide Composition of Canine Aortas Induced by Allylamine, Gonadal Steroids and Castration

1958 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 759-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. N. Norcia ◽  
I. E. Gonzalez ◽  
M. R. Shetlar ◽  
Jo Anna Peter ◽  
R. H. Furman
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Gonadal Steroids ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Tissue Cell ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Polysaccharide Composition ◽  
Aortic Cholesterol

The aortic concentration of cholesterol, phospholipid, alkali-soluble nitrogen and polysaccharides decreased from arch to trifurcation in normal, allylamine-treated, and steroid-treated castrate dogs; total and alkali-insoluble nitrogen increased. These concentration gradients did not correlate with tissue cell counts or potassium levels. Aortic cholesterol increased significantly with age in males but not females. Acetal phosphatide was clearly demonstrated histochemically and its concentration followed the lipid phosphorus gradient. It was noted in juxtaposition to elastic fibers. Other lipids were mostly intracellular. Higher concentrations of cholesterol and alkali-soluble nitrogen existed in the aortas of allylamine-treated dogs and steroid-treated castrate dogs. In addition, slight increases in hexosamine and slight decreases in glycogen were shown in the aortas of allylamine-treated animals. An accumulation of periodic-acid-Schiff positive material other than glycogen was noted at the site of allylamine-induced injury. Allylamine administration increased serum glycoprotein and seromucoid.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical characterisation of a canine case of granular cell type trichoblastoma: a case report

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 511-514
Author(s):  
JS Yoon ◽  
J. Park
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Granular Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Marker ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Cytoplasmic Staining ◽  
Fibrous Stroma ◽  
Clear Cells ◽  
Cytoplasmic Vacuoles

Herein we describe a case of granular cell type trichoblastoma in a dog. A nine-year-old, intact male Scottish terrier presented with a solitary, exophytic and non-ulcerated nodule on the shoulder. Histopathologically, the nodule showed a ribbon-like structure, which was composed of branching cords of epithelial cells surrounded by fibrous stroma. In addition, islands of large clear cells were also noted. The clear cells showed eccentric nuclei and abundant cytoplasmic vacuoles, which were strongly positive for periodic acid-Schiff staining. Cytoplasmic immunostaining for cytokeratin (CK) 14 and nuclear immunostaining for p63 were observed in the neoplastic cells. In contrast, CK18 staining was scant. Furthermore, the hair bulge stem cell marker CK15 showed strong cytoplasmic staining. Based on these histopathological and immunohistochemical findings, the tumour was diagnosed as a granular cell type trichoblastoma, which is rarely reported in dogs.  

scholarly journals Colonic mucin: methods of measuring mucus thickness

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki Strugala ◽  
Adrian Allen ◽  
Peter W. Dettmar ◽  
Jeffrey P. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Mucus Layer ◽  
Epithelial Surface ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Colonic Mucin ◽  
Gel Layer ◽  
Mucus Gel

Mucus is a water-insoluble gel secreted by the gastrointestinal tract. It exists as a protective gel layer adherent to the epithelial surface of the stomach, small intestine and colon. The mucus gel is composed of 1–10% (w/v) mucin glycoprotein in a plasma-like fluid. Since the mucus gel is predominantly water, standard histological techniques dehydrate the mucus, making visualisation of the functional barrier difficult. Specialist techniques have been developed to enable visualisation of the intact mucus layer. A simple histological method using snap-frozen tissue, sectioned with a cryostat and stained with modified periodic acid-Schiff s/Alcian blue in mucus-preserving conditions will be described. A second powerfulin vivoanimal model is described which enables measurement of mucus secretion over time. The use of these two methods has allowed the characterisation of the normal mucus layer in the colon and the determination of how it is affected by disease and dietary intervention, in particular the effect of dietary fibre, and evidence that fibre deficiency results in colonic mucosal fragility is presented.

scholarly journals Detailed morphological analysis of axolotl sperm

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. e25
Author(s):  
İlknur Keskin ◽  
Duygu Gürsoy Gürgen ◽  
Didem Avinca ◽  
Ekrem Musa Özdemir ◽  
Suat Utku Keskin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Ambystoma Mexicanum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regeneration Capacity ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy Examination ◽  
Microscopy Examination

The axolotl has extraordinary regeneration capacity compared to other vertebrates. This remarkable potential has been attributed to its life-long neoteny, characterized by the exhibition of embryonic characteristics at the adult stage. A recent study provided a detailed morphological analysis of the sperm morphology of the Ambystoma mexicanum using routine and detailed histological techniques. The primary purpose of the present study is to describe a simple and inexpensive method for evaluating the morphology of axolotl sperm. In this study, spermatophore structures were collected and spread on slides and air-dried. The slides were stained with periodic acid Schiff, toluidine blue, Masson’s trichrome, Giemsa, Spermac, and Diff-Quik dye for a morphological examination. The slides were coated with gold/palladium for a scanning electron microscopy examination. The sperm of the axolotl consisted of an elongated head, a neck, and a flagellum covered with an undulating membrane. The lengths of the midpiece, tail, and head were 8.575 µm, 356.544 µm, and 103.661 µm, respectively. In the flagellum part, the wavy membrane structure, whose function has not been explained, surrounds the tail. The data obtained from this study will constitute an important step in designing future research on the reproductive and regeneration capacity of the axolotl.

Oocyte adhesiveness and embryonic development of Astyanax bimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pisces: Characidae)

Zygote ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Alberto Weber ◽  
Fábio Pereira Arantes ◽  
Yoshimi Sato ◽  
Elizete Rizzo ◽  
Nilo Bazzoli
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Oocyte Diameter ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Jelly Coat ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Egg Morphology

SummaryThis study shows for the first time the presence of a jelly coat on oocytes of neotropical Characiformes fish. This structure could be responsible for the adhesiveness of Astyanax bimaculatus oocytes, a species widely distributed in South America including in the São Francisco River basin in Brazil. Adult specimens of A. bimaculatus were submitted to artificial reproduction in order to analyse the egg morphology and embryonic development. The eggs were fertilised and kept in incubators with a water temperature of 24°C so that embryogenesis could be monitored. Ovulated and unfertilised oocytes were also collected and submitted to routine histological techniques. Astyanax bimaculatus oocytes were found to be spherical, yellowish, and covered by a thin jelly coat with a slightly adhesive surface. The mean oocyte diameter was 1.03 ± 0.03 mm, the perivitelline space was 0.21 ± 0.02 mm and the jelly coat's thickness was 0.04 ± 0.01 mm. Positive periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) stain and Alcian blue stain pH 2.5 indicated the presence of neutral glycoproteins, and carboxylated acid glycoconjugates on the jelly coat that formed mucosubstances that may be associated with egg adhesiveness. At a water temperature of 24°C, blastopore closure and hatching occurred at 5 h and 17 h after fertilisation, respectively. The results of this study provide essential information for phylogenetic studies and for a better understanding of the reproductive strategy of A. bimaculatus, currently included in the incertae sedis group of the Characidae family due to the lack of monophyly among the families of the group.

Ultrastructure of the Parotid Gland of the Nine-Banded Armadillo

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 640-641
Author(s):  
J. R. Ruby
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Duct System ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Dasypus Novemcinctus ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Thin Sections

Parotid glands were obtained from five adult (four male and one female) armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) which were perfusion-fixed. The glands were located in a position similar to that of most mammals. They extended interiorly to the anterior portion of the submandibular gland.In the light microscope, it was noted that the acini were relatively small and stained strongly positive with the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue techniques, confirming the earlier results of Shackleford (1). Based on these qualities and other structural criteria, these cells have been classified as seromucous (2). The duct system was well developed. There were numerous intercalated ducts and intralobular striated ducts. The striated duct cells contained large amounts of PAS-positive substance.Thin sections revealed that the acinar cells were pyramidal in shape and contained a basally placed, slightly flattened nucleus (Fig. 1). The rough endoplasmic reticulum was also at the base of the cell.

Detection of Carriers in Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia

1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (03) ◽  
pp. 182-186
Author(s):  
G T E Zonneveld ◽  
E F van Leeuwen ◽  
A Sturk ◽  
J W ten Cate
Keyword(s):  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Type I ◽  
Clot Retraction ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Glanzmann’S Thrombasthenia ◽  
Aggregation Response ◽  
Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Reduced State

SummaryQuantitative glycoprotein (GP) analysis of whole platelets or platelet membranes was performed by SDS-polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and periodic acid Schiff staining in the families of two unrelated Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia (GT) patients. Each family consisted of two symptom free parents, a symptom free daughter and a GT daughter. All symptom free members had a normal bleeding time, clot retraction and platelet aggregation response to adenosine 5’-diphosphate (ADP), collagen and adrenalin. Platelet Zw* antigen was normally expressed in these subjects. GT patiens, classified as a type I and II subject, showed reduced amounts of GP lib and of GP nia. Analysis of isolated membranes in the non-reduced state, however, showed that the amount of GP Ilia was also reduced in three of the four parents, whereas one parent (of the GT type I patient) and the two unaffected daughters had normal amounts of GP Ilia. Quantitative SDS-PAGE may therefore provide a method for the detection of asymptomatic carriers in GT type I and II.

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