Trypanocidal activity of free and nanoencapsulated curcumin on Trypanosoma evansi

Parasitology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. T. GRESSLER ◽  
C. B. OLIVEIRA ◽  
K. CORADINI ◽  
L. DALLA ROSA ◽  
T. H. GRANDO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Trypanosoma Evansi ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Trypanocidal Activity ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Protein Peroxidation ◽  
Liver And Kidney

SUMMARYThis study aimed to evaluate in vitro and in vivo trypanocidal activity of free and nanoencapsulated curcumin against Trypanosoma evansi. In vitro efficacy of free curcumin (CURC) and curcumin-loaded in lipid-core nanocapsules (C-LNCs) was evaluated to verify their lethal effect on T. evansi. To perform the in vivo tests, T. evansi-infected animals were treated with CURC (10 and 100 mg kg−1, intraperitoneally [i.p.]) and C-LNCs (10 mg kg−1, i.p.) during 6 days, with the results showing that these treatments significantly attenuated the parasitaemia. Infected untreated rats showed protein peroxidation and an increase of nitrites/nitrates, whereas animals treated with curcumin showed a reduction on these variables. As a result, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) differs between groups (P<0·05). Infected animals and treated with CURC exhibited a reduction in the levels of alanine aminotransferase and creatinine, when compared with the positive control group. The use of curcumin in vitro resulted in a better parasitaemia control, an antioxidant activity and a protective effect on liver and kidney functions of T. evansi-infected adult male Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Using of essential oils in the treatment of mice infected with Trypanosoma evansi

2014 ◽  
pp. 4109-4115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus D Baldissera ◽  
Aleksandro S Da Silva ◽  
Camila B Oliveira ◽  
Rodrigo A Vaucher ◽  
Roberto CV Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Trypanosoma Evansi ◽  
Trypanocidal Activity ◽  
Copaiba Oil ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACTObjective. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of copaiba, andiroba and aroeira essential oils for controlling trypanosomosis by Trypanosoma evansi with mice as experimental model. Materials and methods. Sixty-six mice were divided into eleven groups (A to L) with six animals each. Group A was the unique composed by healthy and uninfected animals (negative control). Animals in groups B to L were inoculated with 0.1 mL of blood containing 2.7 x 106 trypanosomes. Group B was used as a positive control without treatment. In experiment were tested copaiba (C, D and E), andiroba (F, G and H) and aroeira (I, J and L) oils at doses of 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 mL kg-1 to infected mice (T. evansi). Results. These protocols did not provide curative efficacy; however, the mice treated with highest dose of copaiba showed a significant increase in the longevity when compared others groups. Conclusions. Previously in our studies, these essential oils have shown trypanocidal activity in vitro, but when they were tested in vivo in mice infected with T. evansi, this trypanocidal activity, or the curative effect was not found, being only able to prolong the lifespan of the animals treated with copaiba oil.

scholarly journals An Explanation of the Underlying Mechanisms for the In Vitro and In Vivo Antiurolithic Activity of Glechoma longituba

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Liang ◽  
Xiaoran Li ◽  
Wangning Zhou ◽  
Yu Su ◽  
Shenbao He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Potassium Citrate ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Glechoma Longituba

Purpose. To use in vitro and in vivo models to evaluate Glechoma longituba extract to provide scientific evidence for this extract’s antiurolithic activity. Materials and Methods. Potassium citrate was used as a positive control group. Oxidative stress (OS) markers and the expression of osteopontin (OPN) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) were measured to assess the protective effects of Glechoma longituba. Multiple urolithiasis-related biochemical parameters were evaluated in urine and serum. Kidneys were harvested for histological examination and the assessment of crystal deposits. Results. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that treatment with Glechoma longituba extract significantly decreased calcium oxalate- (CaOx-) induced OPN expression, KIM-1 expression, and OS compared with the positive control group (P<0.05). Additionally, in vivo rats that received Glechoma longituba extract exhibited significantly decreased CaOx deposits and pathological alterations (P<0.05) compared with urolithic rats. Significantly lower levels of oxalate, creatinine, and urea and increased citrate levels were observed among rats that received Glechoma longituba (P<0.05) compared with urolithic rats. Conclusion. Glechoma longituba has antiurolithic effects due to its possible combined effects of increasing antioxidant levels, decreasing urinary stone-forming constituents and urolithiasis-related protein expression, and elevating urinary citrate levels.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of Tebipenem (TBP), an Orally Active Carbapenem, against Biothreat Pathogens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas P. Clayton ◽  
Akash Jain ◽  
Stephanie A. Halasohoris ◽  
Lisa M. Pysz ◽  
Sanae Lembirik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Challenge ◽  
Vehicle Control Group ◽  
Tebipenem Pivoxil

Bacillus anthracis and Yersinia pestis, causative pathogens for anthrax and plague, respectively, along with Burkholderia mallei and B. pseudomallei are potential bioterrorism threats. Tebipenem pivoxil hydrobromide (TBP HBr, formerly SPR994), is an orally available prodrug of tebipenem, a carbapenem with activity versus multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative pathogens, including quinolone-resistant and extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales. We evaluated the in vitro activity and in vivo efficacy of tebipenem against biothreat pathogens. Tebipenem was active in vitro against 30-strain diversity sets of B. anthracis, Y. pestis, B. mallei, and B. pseudomallei with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 0.001 – 0.008 μg/ml for B. anthracis, ≤0.0005 – 0.03 μg/ml for Y. pestis, 0.25 – 1 μg/ml for B. mallei, and 1 – 4 μg/ml for B. pseudomallei. In a B. anthracis murine model, all control animals died within 52 h post challenge. The survival rates in the groups treated with tebipenem were 75% and 73% when dosed at 12 h and 24 h post challenge, respectively. The survival rates in the positive control groups treated with ciprofloxacin were 75% and when dosed 12 h and 25% when dosed 24 h post challenge, respectively. Survival rates were significantly (p=0.0009) greater in tebipenem groups treated at 12 h and 24 h post challenge and in the ciprofloxacin group 12 h post-challenge vs. the vehicle-control group. For Y. pestis, survival rates for all animals in the tebipenem and ciprofloxacin groups were significantly (p<0.0001) greater than the vehicle-control group. These results support further development of tebipenem for treating biothreat pathogens.

scholarly journals Microbiological and SEM-EDS Evaluation of Titanium Surfaces Exposed to Periodontal Gel: In Vitro Study

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Bernardi ◽  
Serena Bianchi ◽  
Anna Rita Tomei ◽  
Maria Adelaide Continenza ◽  
Guido Macchiarelli
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Test Group ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Titanium Surfaces ◽  
Implant Dentistry

Inflammatory diseases affecting the soft and hard tissues surrounding an implant represent a new challenge in contemporary implant dentistry. Among several methods proposed for the decontamination of titanium surfaces, the administration of topical 14% doxycycline gel seems to be a reliable option. In the present study, we evaluated the microbial effect of 14% doxycycline gel applied on titanium surfaces and exposed to human salivary microbes in anaerobic conditions. We also examined the composition of the exposed surfaces to assess the safe use of periodontal gel on titanium surfaces. Six anatase and six type 5 alloy titanium surfaces were used and divided into two groups: The test group and the positive control group. Both were cultured with human salivary samples in anaerobic conditions. On the test groups, 240 mg of periodontal gel was applied. The microbial assessment was performed with a colony-forming unit (CFU) count and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) to identify the species. The surface integrity was assessed using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS). The results demonstrated the microbial efficacy of the 14% doxycycline periodontal gel and its safe use on titanium surfaces. However, the SEM observations revealed the permanence of the gel on the titanium surfaces due to the physical composition of the gel. This permanence needs to be further investigated in vivo and a final polishing protocol on the titanium surface is recommended.

Effects of Soybean Antioxidant Peptides (SAP) on SOD, GSH-Px, CAT Activity and MDA Level in Vivo

2014 ◽  
Vol 1025-1026 ◽  
pp. 476-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Wang ◽  
Rui Wen Yang ◽  
Jing Bo Liu ◽  
Song Yi Lin
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Antioxidant Peptides ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
Level I

The superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) are important ones of antioxidant defense systems. Malonaldehyde (MDA) is formed as an end product of lipid peroxidation. Soybean peptides possess antioxidant activity. In previous study, the antioxidant activities of soybean peptides were determinedin vitro. The male ICR mice were intragastrically administered by different molecular weight and dose of soybean antioxidant peptides (SAP) for 60 days. Control group was treated with saline by intragastric administration for 60 days. The SOD, GSH-Px, CAT activity and MDA level were determined in serum. The results suggested the SAP of 1-3k Da had the ability to increase significantly GSH-Px and SOD activity and decrease significantly MDA level at different dose (100 and 200 mg/kg/d) compared with control group (P < 0.05). The SAP of 3-10k Da (200 mg/kg/d) enhanced the GSH-Px activity and decreased significantly MDA level compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The SAP of 10-30k Da (200 mg/kg/d) had the lowest MDA level among all the groups. All the SAP groups and positive control group cannot increase the CAT activity.

Assimilation and metabolism of exogenous glucose by yolk-sac embryos after intraovarian preincubation and in vitro in Zoarces viviparus

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1201-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bodil Korsgaard
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glucose Release ◽  
Exogenous Glucose ◽  
Maternal Liver ◽  
Zoarces Viviparus ◽  
Liver And Kidney

The ability of yolk-sac embryos of the blenny Zoarces viviparus (L.) to assimilate and metabolize exogenous glucose was investigated by in vivo and in vitro experiments. The investigations in vivo (experiment I) were performed by simultaneously injecting 14C-labelled glucose (30 μL (5 μCi)/100 g body weight) and unlabelled carrier glucose (100 mg/100 g body weight) into the ovary (loaded group). Controls received only 14C-labelled glucose (nonloaded group). The shape of the disappearance curve for the tracer glucose in the glucose-loaded group was similar to that for carrier glucose, with a gradual decrease during the first 9 h postinjection. Half-lives were calculated to be 5.17 h for tracer glucose and 5.41 h for carrier glucose in the loaded group. Both tracer and carrier glucose levels returned to control levels after 24 h in the loaded group. Accumulation of tracer glucose was significantly higher in yolk-sac embryos from the nonloaded control group compared with embryos from the loaded group. Tracer accumulation in maternal liver and kidney was low and showed an opposite pattern to accumulation in the embryos, with more tracer accumulated in the maternal liver and kidney from the loaded group compared with controls. After intraovarian preincubation with [14C]glucose, release of 14CO2 and DO14C (dissolved organic carbon) from assimilated tracers in the embryos in vitro was low. In another experiment (experiment II) the embryos were dissected out of the ovary of untreated females and incubated in vitro with [14C]glucose. The embryos assimilated the labelled glucose, and uptake rates were correlated with the ambient concentration of carrier glucose. Release from embryos into the medium of 14CO2 and DO14C from assimilated tracer glucose was at the same low level as after intraovarian preincubation with [14C]glucose in experiment I. In combination, the results show that as early as their yolk-sac period, embryos from Zoarces viviparus have the capacity for assimilating and metabolizing glucose from naturally occurring concentrations in the ovarian fluid in vivo or from media in vitro.

scholarly journals Amelioration of oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by copper and flubendiamide in-vivo and in- vitro by potent antioxidants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Mandil ◽  
Atul Prakash ◽  
Anu Rahal ◽  
Swati Koli ◽  
Rahul Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Cell Culture ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Concurrent Treatment ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes Activities ◽  
Dna Shearing

Abstract Present study was designed to assess the toxicity of copper @ 33 mg/kg and flubendiamide @ 200 mg/kg in vivo in male Wistar rats orally once daily for 90 days and protective effect of α-tocopherol, resveratrol, curcumin and catechin and in vitro cyto-genotoxicity in primary cell culture of thymocytes. In vivo study showed significant (p<0.05) increase in AST, total bilirubin and uric acid, creatinine and BUN levels while decrease in total proteins, GSH, SOD and GST levels and increased LPO and GPx with severe degenerative changes were observed in liver and kidney tissues in intoxicated groups. In vitro thymocytes were exposed to 40 µM concentration of flubendiamide and/or showed significant increase in TUNEL+ve cells, micronuclei, DNA shearing, and comet formation per 100 cells. Concurrent treatment with α-tocopherol in xenobiotics intoxicated groups showed almost normal values of the biochemical parameters and decreased LPO production and improved antioxidant enzymes activities and histoarchitecture of liver and kidney tissues suggest ameliorative potential of α-tocopherol whereas, resveratrol, curcumin, catechin or α-tocopherol in vitro decreased TUNEL+ve cells, micronuclei induction and comet formation and effect of antioxidants was concentration-dependent and their order of potency on equimolar concentration (10 µM) basis is: curcumin > resveratrol >catechin = α-tocopherol.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo Study on an Injectable Glycol Chitosan/Dibenzaldehyde-Terminated Polyethylene Glycol Hydrogel in Repairing Articular Cartilage Defects

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhua Yang ◽  
Xiaoguang Jing ◽  
Zimin Wang ◽  
Xuejian Liu ◽  
Xiaofeng Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Cartilage Defect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glycol Chitosan

The normal anatomical structure of articular cartilage determines its limited ability to regenerate and repair. Once damaged, it is difficult to repair it by itself. How to realize the regeneration and repair of articular cartilage has always been a big problem for clinicians and researchers. Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the physical properties and cytocompatibility of hydrogels, and evaluated their feasibility as cell carriers for Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADSC) transplantation. Concentration-matched hydrogels were co-cultured with ADSCs to confirm ADSC growth in the hydrogel and provide data supporting in vivo experiments, which comprised the hydrogel/ADSCs, pure-hydrogel, defect-placement, and positive-control groups. Rat models of articular cartilage defect in the knee joint region was generated, and each treatment was administered on the knee joint cartilage area for each group; in the positive-control group, the joint cavity was surgically opened, without inducing a cartilage defect. The reparative effect of injectable glycol chitosan/dibenzaldehyde-terminated polyethylene glycol (GCS/DF-PEG) hydrogel on injured articular cartilage was evaluated by measuring gross scores and histological score of knee joint articular-cartilage injury in rats after 8 weeks. The 1.5% GCS/2% DF-PEG hydrogels degraded quickly in vitro. Then, We perform in vivo and in vitro experiments to evaluate the feasibility of this material for cartilage repair in vivo and in vitro.

scholarly journals The problem of dose in homeopathy: evaluation of the effect of high dilutions of Arsenicum album 30cH on rats intoxicated with arsenic.

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (33) ◽  
pp. 128-137
Author(s):  
Olney Leite Fontes ◽  
Fátima Cristiane Lopes Goularte Farhat ◽  
Amarilys Toledo Cesar ◽  
Marilisa Guimarães Lara ◽  
Maria Imaculada Lima Montebelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
Living Organisms

Background: Although scientific studies have confirmed the action of homeopathic high dilutions in living organisms an endless debate on the choice of the most fitting dilution, the frequency of administration and the dose (amount of medicine) still remains. Aims: This study sought to assess the in vivo effect of 2 different concentrations of Arsenicum album 30cH in order to elucidate some problems in the homeopathic notion of dose. Methods: Male Wistar rats previously intoxicated with sodium arsenate by peritoneal injection were treated with undiluted Ars 30cH and Ars 30cH in 1% solution administered by oral route. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was employed to measure the levels of arsenic retained in the animals as well as the amounts eliminated through urine. Urine samples were collected before and after and during treatment. A positive control group (intoxicated animals) and negative control group (non-intoxicated animals) were administered only the vehicle used to prepare the medicine (ethanol). Results: The groups treated with undiluted Ars 30cH and Ars 30cH in 1% solution eliminated significant amounts of arsenic through urine when compared to the control groups. The group treated with undiluted Ars 30cH eliminated significantly higher amounts of arsenic than the group treated with the same medicine in 1% solution. Conclusion: These results suggest that undiluted Ars 30cH was more effective than in 1% solution in this experimental model.

Anti-allergic assessment of ethanol extractives of Quisqualis Indica Linn.

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepa Chaudhary ◽  
Rajnish Srivastava ◽  
Hemant Nagar
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Disodium Cromoglycate ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Aim:: The present work was aimed to find out the anti-allergic activity of ethanol extracts of Quisqualis indica Linn. (EEQI) by in-vitro and in-vivo murine models. Background:: Worldwide, the rise in prevalence of allergic diseases has continued in the industrialized world for more than 50 years. Worldwide, 0.05–2% of the population is estimated to experience anaphylaxis at some point in life. Quisqualis Indica Linn in an ornamental plant that have been rarely used as a herbal medicines, however presence of polyphenols and flavonoids have been reported to possessed anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and immunomodulatory activity which have some pathological relevance with anaphylaxis. Objective:: The objective of the present research was to investigate, scientifically explored and understand the probable antianaphylactic mechanism of ethanol extracts of Quisqualis indica Linn. via different preclinical models. Material and Method:: In-vitro study was done on de-granulated mesenteric mast cells induced by compound 48/80 and invivo study was done by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) model. In the in-vitro study degranulated mesenteric cells were grouped into negative control (compound 48/80 treated), positive control (Disodium cromoglycate + 48/80 treated) and 3 test groups (EEQI 10 μg/ml + 48/80 treated, EEQI 50 μg/ml + 48/80 treated and EEQI 100 μg/ml + 48/80 treated). The number of degranulated mast cells was counted and compared within the different treatment groups. In the in-vivo study the rats were first grouped into negative control (vehicle only), positive control (Disodium cromoglycate) and 2 test groups (EEQI: 100 and 200 mg/kilogram). The animals were pretreated for 12 days. On the 12th day all the rats were immunized with serum anti-ovalbumin (obtained from an already sensitized rat) by the intradermal route. After 24 h of serum injection, Evans blue dye containing oval albumin was administered intravenously in all groups. Three days later, the rats were taken down for the severity of the anaphylactic reactions. Result:: EEQI significantly attenuate mast cell degranulation and maintain the cell intactness as compared to control (P < 0.001). It was set up to support the degree of anaphylaxis as compared to control group (P < 0.001). Conclusion:: The outcomes of the work revealed the preventive effect of Quisqualis indica Linn. against allergic manifestations.

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