Evaluation of salinomycin isolated from Streptomyces albus JSY-2 against the ciliate, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Yun Yao ◽  
Ming-Yue Gao ◽  
Yong-Yi Jia ◽  
Yan-Xia Wu ◽  
Wen-Lin Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ichthyophthirius Multifiliis ◽  
Antiparasitic Activity ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Streptomyces Albus ◽  
C Nmr

AbstractThe present study was undertaken to investigate the antiparasitic activity of extracellular products of Streptomyces albus. Bioactivity-guided isolation of chloroform extracts affording a compound showing potent activity. The structure of the compound was elucidated as salinomycin (SAL) by EI-MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. In vitro test showed that SAL has potent anti-parasitic efficacy against theronts of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis with 10 min, 1, 2, 3 and 4 h (effective concentration) EC50 (95% confidence intervals) of 2.12 (2.22–2.02), 1.93 (1.98–1.88), 1.42 (1.47–1.37), 1.35 (1.41–1.31) and 1.11 (1.21–1.01) mg L−1. In vitro antiparasitic assays revealed that SAL could be 100% effective against I. multifiliis encysted tomonts at a concentration of 8.0 mg L−1. In vivo test demonstrated that the number of I. multifiliis trophonts on Erythroculter ilishaeformis treated with SAL was markedly lower than that of control group at 10 days after exposed to theronts (P < 0.05). In the control group, 80% mortality was observed owing to heavy I. multifiliis infection at 10 days. On the other hand, only 30.0% mortality was recorded in the group treated with 8.0 mg L−1 SAL. The median lethal dose (LD50) of SAL for E. ilishaeformis was 32.9 mg L−1.

Activity of two extracts of Cynanchum paniculatum against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis theronts and tomonts

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
WEN JI-HONG ◽  
WANG YAN-LI ◽  
LIU YU-HUA ◽  
ZHANG JI-YUAN ◽  
LI ZE-HONG
Keyword(s):  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Ichthyophthirius Multifiliis ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Antiparasitic Activity ◽  
Cynanchum Paniculatum ◽  
Treated Fish ◽  
Fish Group ◽  
Median Effective Concentration

SUMMARYThe present study aims to evaluate the antiparasitic activity of active components from Cynanchum paniculatum against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. The antiparasitic activities of two bioassay-guided fractionationated compounds from C. paniculatum identified as Cynatratoside-A and Cynanversicoside C, by comparing spectral data (NMR and ESI-MS) with literature values, were evaluated by in vitro assay. These showed that both could kill theronts of I. multifiliis at a concentration of 10·0 mg L−1, with the median effective concentration (EC50) values of 4·6 mg L−1 and 5·2 mg L−1 for Cynatratoside-A and Cynanversicoside C, respectively. Encysted tomonts were killed at concentrations of 8·0 mg L−1 with both compounds. In vivo experiments demonstrated that fish treated with both compounds at 15·0 mg L−1 carried significantly fewer parasites than controls (P < 0·05). There were no mortalities among treated fish group compared with 75% mortality of untreated fish. Cynatratoside-A and Cynanversicoside C are therefore potential candidate drugs for use against I. multifiliis.

Antiparasitic efficacy of Gracillin and Zingibernsis newsaponin from Costus speciosus (Koen ex. Retz) Sm. against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

Parasitology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
WEI ZHENG ◽  
CHUN-MEI YAN ◽  
YA-BIN ZHANG ◽  
ZE-HONG LI ◽  
ZHONGQIANG LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Drugs ◽  
Ichthyophthirius Multifiliis ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Antiparasitic Activity ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Costus Speciosus ◽  
Bioassay Guided Fractionation ◽  
Median Effective Concentration

SUMMARYThe present study aims to evaluate the antiparasitic activity of active components from Costus speciosus against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Bioassay-guided fractionation was employed to identify active compounds from C. speciosus yielding 2 bioactive compounds: Gracillin and Zingibernsis newsaponin. In-vitro assays revealed that Gracillin and Zingibernsis newsaponin could be 100% effective against I. multifiliis at concentrations of 0·8 and 4·5 mg L−1, with median effective concentration (EC50) values of 0·53 and 3·2 mg L−1, respectively. All protomonts and encysted tomonts were killed when the concentrations of Gracillin and Zingibernsis newsaponin were 1·0 and 5·0 mg L−1. In-vivo experiments demonstrated that fish treated with Gracillin and Zingibernsis newsaponin at concentrations of 1·0 and 5·0 mg L−1 carried significantly fewer parasites than the control (P<0·05). Mortality of fish did not occur in the treatment group (Zingibernsis newsaponin at 5·0 mg L−1) during the trial, although 100% of untreated fish died. Acute toxicities (LD50) of Gracillin and Zingibernsis newsaponin for grass carp were 1·64 and 20·7 mg L−1, respectively. These results provided evidence that the 2 compounds can be selected as lead compounds for the development of new drugs against I. multifiliis.

Evaluation of an anti-parasitic compound extracted from Streptomyces sp. HL-2-14 against fish parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

Parasitology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 142 (7) ◽  
pp. 910-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUN-HANG GAO ◽  
XIAO-FENG SHAN ◽  
YUAN-HUAN KANG ◽  
YU-XUAN SHENG ◽  
LONG CHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grass Carp ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Fish Mortality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Fish Parasite ◽  
Ichthyophthirius Multifiliis ◽  
H Nmr

SUMMARYThe present study was conducted to evaluate the anti-parasitic activity of a pure compound from Streptomyces sp. HL-2-14 against fish parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, and elucidate its chemical structure. By electron ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (1H NMR and 13C NMR), the compound was identified as amphotericin B (AmB). The in vitro trials revealed that AmB can effectively kill the theronts and tomonts of I. multifiliis with the median lethal concentration (LC50) of 0·8 mg L−1 at 30 min for the theronts and 4·3 mg L−1 at 2 h for the tomonts, respectively. AmB at 5 mg L−1 significantly reduced I. multifiliis infectivity prevalence and intensity on grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), and consequently decreased fish mortality, from 100% in control group to 30% in treated group. The 72 h acute toxicity (LC50) of AmB on grass carp was 20·6 mg L−1, but fish mortality was occurred when exposure to 13·0 mg L−1. These results indicated that AmB was effective in the therapy of I. multifiliis infection, but the safety concentration margin is relatively narrow. Further efforts aiming to decrease the toxicity and improve the therapeutic profile remain to be needed.

In-vitro- und In-vivo-Wirkung von Schilddrüsenhormon auf das Wachstum von Neuroblastomzellen

1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (03) ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
R. P. Baum ◽  
E. Rohrbach ◽  
G. Hör ◽  
B. Kornhuber ◽  
E. Busse
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Initial Rise ◽  
Biphasic Effect ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Morphological Sign

The effect of triiodothyronine (T3) on the differentiation of cultured neuroblastoma (NB) cells was studied after 9 days of treatment with a dose of 10-4 M/106 cells per day. Using phase contrast microscopy, 30-50% of NB cells showed formation of neurites as a morphological sign of cellular differentiation. The initial rise of the mitosis rate was followed by a plateau. Changes in cyclic nucleotide content, in the triphosphates and in the activity of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) were assessed in 2 human and 2 murine cell lines to serve as biochemical parameters of the cell differentiation induced by T3. Whereas the cAMP level increased significantly (3 to 7 fold compared with its initial value), the cGMP value dropped to 30 to 50% of that of the control group. ATP and GTP increased about 200%, the ODC showed a decrease of about 50%. The present studies show a biphasic effect of T3 on neuroblastoma cells: the initial rise of mitotic activity is followed by increased cell differentiation starting from day 4 of the treatment.

Consumption of Hageman Factor Activity in the Generalized Shwartzman Reaction Induced by Liquoid

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (02) ◽  
pp. 386-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Müller-Berghaus ◽  
H. G Lasch
Keyword(s):  
Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Consumption Coagulopathy ◽  
Factor Activity ◽  
Hageman Factor ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Shwartzman Reaction

SummaryThe role of Hageman factor in triggering intravascular coagulation has been studied in rabbits injected intravenously with Liquoid. Besides changes of coagulation parameters characteristic of consumption coagulopathy (e.g. decrease in platelet counts, fibrinogen levels, factor V activity), a pronounced drop in Hageman factor activity was observed after injection of Liquoid. Likewise, the partial thromboplastin time became prolonged.The activation of Hageman factor in vivo could be prevented by intravenous infusion of lysozyme. Twenty min after starting the lysozyme infusion, the partial thromboplastin time became prolonged from a mean of 29 sec to 108 sec. Animals infused with lysozyme and injected with a lethal dose of Liquoid did not develop a consumption coagulopathy. In the same manner, none of 10 animals treated with lysozyme developed the generalized Shwartzman reaction, whereas in the control group 19 out of 20 animals showed fibrin thrombi in the glomerular capillaries.From the present study it may be concluded that the intravascular coagulation process after intravenous injection of Liquoid is triggered by Hageman factor activation.

Hepato- and Nephroprotective Effects of the Polyphenol Concentrate From Cabernet Sauvignon Grape Varieties Cultivated in Kazakhstan in the Experimental Model Of CCL4-Induced Toxicity

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurgozhin T. ◽  
Sergazy S. H. ◽  
Adilgozhina G. ◽  
Gulyayev A. ◽  
Shulgau Z. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Antioxidant Stress

Objective:This study investigates the hepatoprotective effect and the antioxidant role of polyphenol concentrate in the experimental model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced toxicity. Methods: Antioxidant activity of Cabernet Sauvignon grape polyphenol were evaluated by radical scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS.+). In addition, the effects of polyphenol concentrate on the survival of Wistar rats in the toxicity model, was also investigated. The polyphenol concentrate was administered for 5 five days prior to injection of carbon tetrachloride in a sub-lethal dose of 300 mg/kg of animal body weight in order to perform histological examinations of the liver and kidney, and detect the levels of AST, ALT and bilirubin. Results: Administration of polyphenol concentrate increased animal survival in the experimental model. Moreover, the intragastric administration of polyphenol concentrate prior to the initiation of the experimental model of toxicity, which was caused by a sub-lethal CCl4 dose, reduced morphological injuries in the liver and kidney, decreased the AST and ALT levels of the blood serum. Discussion and conclusion: Our data demonstrate that polyphenol concentrate possesses an antioxidant potential both in vitro and in vivo by reducing antioxidant stress that was caused by CCl4 administration into rats.

Protective Effect of Boswellic Resin Against Memory Loss and Alzheimer’s Induced by Aluminum Tetrachloride and D-Galactose (Experimental study in Mice)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Zerrouki ◽  
N. Djebli ◽  
L. Gadouche ◽  
I. Erdogan Orhan ◽  
F. SezerSenol Deniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Extract ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Octyl Acetate

Nowadays, because of the industrialization, a lot of contaminant were available ; the consequences of this availability are apparition of diseases including neurodegeneration. Neurodegenerative diseases of the human brain comprise a variety of disorders that affect an increasing percentage of the population. This study is based on the effect of the Boswellic resin, which is from a medicinal plant and known for its antioxidant effects on nerve cell damage. The objective of this work was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo effects of the Boswellic resin on anticholinesterase activity and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) induced by D-galactose and aluminum tetrachloride in Swiss mice. Chemical composition of the resin essential oil was identified by the CG-MS analysis. The antioxidant activity was also assessed by the DMPD and metal chelation methods. In order to understand the mechanism of memory improvement, the acetylcholinesterase, AChE, and butyrylcholinesterase, BChE, inhibitory assays were performed. In vivo part of the study was achieved on Swiss mice divided into four groups: control, AD model, treated AD, and treated control group. The identification of chemical composition by CG-MS reach the 89.67% of the total extract compounds presented some very important molecules (p-Cymene, n-Octyl acetate, α-Pinene…). The present study proves that Boswellic resin improves memory and learning in treated Alzheimer’s group, modulates the oxidative stress and be involved in the protective effect against amyloid deposition and neurodegeneration, and stimulates the immune system in mice’s brain.

In Vitro and In Vivo Neutralizing Activity of Uvaria chamae Leaves Fractions on the Venom of Naja nigricollis in Albino Rat and Bovine Blood

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-311
Author(s):  
Ada Gabriel ◽  
Mamman Mohammed ◽  
Mohammed G. Magaji ◽  
Yusuf P. Ofemile ◽  
Ameh P. Matthew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Haemolytic Activity ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Aqueous Residue

Background: Snakebite envenomation is a global priority ranked top among other neglected tropical diseases. There is a folkloric claim that Uvaria chamae is beneficial for the management of snakebite and wounds in African ethnobotanical surveys. Besides, there are many registered patents asserting the health benefits of U. chamae. Objective: This study aimed to investigate U. chamae’s potentials and identify candidates for the development of tools for the treatment and management of N. nigricollis envenomation. Methods: Freshly collected U. chamae leaves were air-dried, powdered, and extracted in methanol. The median lethal dose of the extract was determined and further fractionated with n-hexane, n-butanol and ethyl acetate. Each fraction was tested for neutralizing effect against venom-induced haemolytic, fibrinolytic, hemorrhagic, and cytotoxic activities. Results: U. chamae fractions significantly (p<0.05) neutralized the haemolytic activity of N. nigricollis venom in n-butanol; 31.40%, n-hexane; 33%, aqueous residue; 39.60% and ethyl acetate; 40.70% at the concentration of 100mg/ml of each fraction against 10mg/ml of the snake venom when compared to the positive control. The fibrinolytic activity of N. nigricollis venom was significantly (p<0.05) neutralized in n-hexane at 73.88%, n-butanol; 72.22% and aqueous residue; 72.22% by the fractions of U. chamae. In addition, haemorrhagic activity of N. nigricollis venom was significantly (p<0.05) neutralized by U. chamae fractions at the concentrations of 100mg/ml, 200mg/ml and 400mg/ml except for n-butanol and aqueous residues at 400 mg/ml. Conclusion: U. chamae leaves fractions possess a high level of protection against N. nigricollis venoms-induced lethality and thus validate the pharmacological rationale for its usage in the management of N. nigricollis envenomation.

Cold Plasma Treatment Promotes Full-thickness Healing of Skin Wounds in Murine Models

2021 ◽  
pp. 153473462110021
Author(s):  
Joon M. Jung ◽  
Hae K. Yoon ◽  
Chang J. Jung ◽  
Soo Y. Jo ◽  
Sang G. Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Cold Plasma ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Skin Wound Healing

Cold plasma can be beneficial for promoting skin wound healing and has a high potential of being effectively used in treating various wounds. Our aim was to verify the effect of cold plasma in accelerating wound healing and investigate its underlying mechanism in vitro and in vivo. For the in vivo experiments, 2 full-thickness dermal wounds were created in each mouse (n = 30). While one wound was exposed to 2 daily plasma treatments for 3 min, the other wound served as a control. The wounds were evaluated by imaging and histological analyses at 4, 7, and 11 days post the wound infliction process. Immunohistochemical studies were also performed at the same time points. In vitro proliferation and scratch assay using HaCaT keratinocytes and fibroblasts were performed. The expression levels of wound healing–related genes were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. On day 7, the wound healing rates were 53.94% and 63.58% for the control group and the plasma-treated group, respectively. On day 11, these rates were 76.05% and 93.44% for the control and plasma-treated groups, respectively, and the difference between them was significant ( P = .039). Histological analysis demonstrated that plasma treatment promotes the formation of epidermal keratin and granular layers. Immunohistochemical studies also revealed that collagen 1, collagen 3, and alpha-smooth muscle actin appeared more abundantly in the plasma-treated group than in the control group. In vitro, the proliferation of keratinocytes was promoted by plasma exposure. Scratch assay showed that fibroblast exposure to plasma increased their migration. The expression levels of collagen 1, collagen 3, and alpha-smooth muscle actin were elevated upon plasma treatment. In conclusion, cold plasma can accelerate skin wound healing and is well tolerated.

Agitation Techniques to Enhance Drainage of Retained Hemothorax

2020 ◽  
pp. 155335062097800
Author(s):  
Ian A. Makey ◽  
Nitin A. Das ◽  
Samuel Jacob ◽  
Magdy M. El-Sayed Ahmed ◽  
Colleen M. Makey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trauma Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Vibration Technique ◽  
Retained Hemothorax ◽  
And Control ◽  
Negative Conclusion ◽  
Benchtop Model

Background. Retained hemothorax (RH) is a common problem in cardiothoracic and trauma surgery. We aimed to determine the optimum agitation technique to enhance thrombus dissolution and drainage and to apply the technique to a porcine-retained hemothorax. Methods. Three agitation techniques were tested: flush irrigation, ultrasound, and vibration. We used the techniques in a benchtop model with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and pig hemothorax with tPA. We used the most promising technique vibration in a pig hemothorax without tPA. Statistics. We used 2-sample t tests for each comparison and Cohen d tests to calculate effect size (ES). Results. In the benchtop model, mean drainages in the agitation group and control group and the ES were flush irrigation, 42%, 28%, and 2.91 ( P = .10); ultrasound, 35%, 27%, and .76 ( P = .30); and vibration, 28%, 19%, and 1.14 ( P = .04). In the pig hemothorax with tPA, mean drainages and the ES of each agitation technique compared with control (58%) were flush irrigation, 80% and 1.14 ( P = .37); ultrasound, 80% and 2.11 ( P = .17); and vibration, 95% and 3.98 ( P = .06). In the pig hemothorax model without tPA, mean drainages of the vibration technique and control group were 50% and 43% (ES = .29; P = .65). Discussion. In vitro studies suggested flush irrigation had the greatest effect, whereas only vibration was significantly different vs the respective controls. In vivo with tPA, vibration showed promising but not statistically significant results. Results of in vivo experiments without tPA were negative. Conclusion. Agitation techniques, in combination with tPA, may enhance drainage of hemothorax.

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