The relationship between depression and anxiety: construction of a prototypical anxiety and depression scale

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten W. J. Koeter ◽  
Wim Van Den Brink
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Clinical Pictures ◽  
Screening Device ◽  
Depression Scales ◽  
The Relationship

SynopsisThe question of the relationship between anxiety and depression remains to be solved. The fact that clinical pictures show substantial overlap makes it difficult, using conventional instruments, to distinguish between the co-occurrence of anxiety and depression and overlap in definitions and measurement of the two syndromes. This calls for the construction of scales which exclude symptoms common to both syndromes and incorporate symptoms specific only to anxiety or only to depression; i.e. scales with maximum discriminant validity. This article describes the construction of two such scales based on PSE symptoms; a prototypical anxiety scale and a prototypical depression scale. In a sample of 134 non-psychotic psychiatric out-patients these scales show good reliability and validity, both as a measure of severity and as a screening device. Compared to the Hamilton anxiety and depression scales (HARS and HRSD), the correlation between the prototypical anxiety and depression scales is low.

A-121 Functional Outcomes in Bilingual Persons with Traumatic Brain: The Role of Mood

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1171-1171
Author(s):  
Winter Olmos ◽  
Daniel W Lopez-Hernandez ◽  
Isabel Munoz ◽  
Laura Schierholz ◽  
Rachel A Rugh-Fraser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Hospital Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pearson Correlations

Abstract Introduction We examined the relationship between depression and anxiety, language, and functional outcomes in persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods The sample consisted of 48 acute TBI (ATBI: 23 Spanish-English Bilinguals; 25 English monolinguals), 30 chronic TBI (CTBI: 17 Spanish English Bilinguals; 12 English monolinguals), and 47 healthy comparison (HC: 29 Spanish-English Bilinguals; 18 English monolinguals) participants. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to measure depression (HADS-D) and anxiety (HADS-A). The Mayo Portland Adaptability Inventory-4 (MPAI-4) was used to measure functional outcomes (ability, adjustment, participation). Results An ANCOVA, controlling for age, revealed the ATBI group reported lower anxiety levels compared to the CTBI group, p = 0.034 np2 = 0.06. HC participants demonstrated significantly higher functional ability compared to both TBI groups, p < 0.05, np2 = 0.08–0.19. The ATBI group demonstrated worse participation scores compared to the CTBI and HC groups, p = 0.001, np2 = 0.11. Pearson correlations revealed mood was related to functional status in ATBI monolinguals (HADS-A: r = 0.29–0.64; HADS-D, r = 0.49–0.62). Monolingual participants with ATBI demonstrated correlations between depressive symptoms and functional adjustment (r = 0.57, p = 0.005) and ability (r = 0.44, p = 0.034). For monolinguals with CTBI, HADS-A correlated with functional outcomes, r = 0.60–0.66, p < 0.05. For bilinguals with CTBI, functional outcomes correlated with HADS-A, r = 0.53–0.66, p < 0.05, and HADS-D, r = 0.54–0.66, p < 0.05. For HC monolinguals, functional outcomes correlated with HADS-A, r = 0.53–0.70, p < 0.05, and HADS-D, r = 0.50–0.72, p < 0.05. Finally, for HC bilinguals, functional outcomes correlated with HADS-A, r = 0.59–0.68, p < 0.05. Conclusion Our results suggest that a relationship between anxiety and depressive symptoms is related more to functional outcomes in monolingual TBI survivors compared to bilingual TBI survivors.

The Mediational Effect of Weight Self-Stigma in the Relationship between Blatant and Subtle Discrimination and Depression and Anxiety

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Magallares ◽  
Patricia Bolaños-Rios ◽  
Inmaculada Ruiz-Prieto ◽  
Pilar Benito de Valle ◽  
Jose Antonio Irles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Stigma ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Hospital Anxiety ◽  
Obesity Stigma ◽  
Subtle Discrimination ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Similar Weight ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractObesity may be considered a social stigma. In addition, people with obesity are frequently aware of stigma directed at others who have a similar weight and come to think stigmatized thoughts about themselves. Our study focused specifically on how blatant and subtle discrimination and weight self-stigma are related to depression and anxiety in people with obesity. The sample comprised 170 participants from the Clinical Nutrition Unit of the “Hospital de Valme” (Seville, Spain). The Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire, the Multidimensional Perceived Discrimination Scale, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were used. It was found that blatant and subtle discrimination and weight self-stigma were positively related to depression (.31, .38, and .45 respectively) and anxiety (.30, .36, and .49 respectively; all ps < .01). The path analysis conducted showed that there was a mediational effect of weight self-stigma between blatant (β = .36) and subtle discrimination (β = .40) and depression (β = .24) and anxiety (β = .49; all ps < .01). According to these results, it can be said that weight self-stigma was a full mediator in the model found because the relationships between the independent and the dependent variables were non-significant. Finally, results are discussed in the frame of the obesity stigma literature, and some clinical implications of the results of the study are suggested.

scholarly journals The Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Using Rasch Measurement Theory in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-321
Author(s):  
Jin-Hyuk Choi ◽  
Seongjin Jeon ◽  
Seulgi Hong ◽  
Ahro Kim ◽  
Ji-Yun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Measurement Theory ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Rasch Measurement ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Hospital Anxiety ◽  
Korean Version

Background: Depression and anxiety are prevalent and can cause suffering in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The Korean version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (K-HADS) has been widely used to assess depression and anxiety symptoms in Korean patient with PD. The present study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the K-HADS using Rasch measurement analysis.Methods: A total of 106 PD patients (54 males, 52 females) who met the diagnostic criteria of the United Kingdom Brain Bank were recruited. Unidimensionality, the Rasch model fit, response category functioning, patient-item distribution, and the separation reliability of the K-HADS depression (K-HADS-D) and anxiety (K-HADS-A) subscales were statistically evaluated.Results: The mean K-HADS-D and K-HADS-A scores were 8.08±4.69 (mean±standard deviation) and 5.44±4.18, respectively. Cronbach’s α coefficients of the K-HADS-D and K-HADS-A were 0.82 and 0.83. The Rasch analysis revealed that the K-HADS-D and K-HADS-A showed unidimensionality and no disordered functioning was observed in the 4-point polytomous scale. However, both K-HADS-D and K-HADS-A exhibited suboptimal separation reliability, while the K-HADS-A showed inadequate scale targeting with floor effect.Conclusions: The present study comprises the first validation of the K-HADS using the Rasch measurement model, suggesting that the K-HADS-D and K-HADS-A are clinimetrically acceptable and reliable scales for use in Korean patients with PD. However, the moderate person separation indices implicate the relatively low discriminatory ability of the K-HADS in our study patients.

scholarly journals Antenatal Depression and Anxiety Among Women with Threatened Abortion: A Case-Control Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Bahar Sariibrahim Astepe ◽  
Sukriye Bosgelmez
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vaginal Bleeding ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Antenatal Depression ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Threatened Abortion ◽  
The Relationship

<p><strong>Objective:</strong> Threatened abortion is a stressful condition for a pregnant woman which may influence mental health. This study aims to investigate the relationship between threatened abortion, anxiety, and depression during pregnancy. </p><p><strong>Study Design:</strong> Study group consisted of 121 pregnant women &lt;20 weeks of gestation having vaginal bleeding; control group consisted of 129 pregnant women &lt;20 weeks of gestation not having vaginal bleeding in their pregnancy until that time. Hospital anxiety and depression scale was used to assess potential anxiety and depression. </p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Statistical analyses indicated that (i) vaginal bleeding group had significantly higher rates of moderate/ severe anxiety (28.1% vs. 14.7% p=0.010); (ii) there was no statistically significant difference between depression rates of the women according to the presence of vaginal bleeding (38.8% vs. 34.9% p=0.517); (iii) low education (OR=2.233; 95% CI: 1.177-4.236; p=0.014) was possible predictors of antenatal depression. Although in the univariate analyses age, gravidity, and parity were associated with anxiety, only nulliparity was found as possible predictors of anxiety (OR=2.589; 95% CI: 1.362-4.922, p=0.004). </p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Pregnant women without obstetric complications had similar rates of depression and anxiety as in women with threatened abortion, although anxiety levels were higher in women with threatened abortion. </p>

Symptom Questionnaire Anxiety and Depression Scales: Reliability and Validity

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret J. Bull ◽  
Danni Luo ◽  
Geoffrey Maruyama
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Condition ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Symptom Questionnaire ◽  
Many Instruments ◽  
Depression Scales

Many instruments have been developed with college students and used primarily with students or younger adults. Thus, researchers face challenges in selecting measures of psychological state that are valid and reliable for use with elders. This article describes a measure of psychological state, the Symptom Questionnaire; provides information about its reliability and validity; and details the steps used to evaluate reliability and validity of its anxiety and depression scales for elders hospitalized for an acute episode of a chronic condition. The findings suggest that a short version of the Symptom Questionnaire, consisting of the depression and anxiety scales, is valid and reliable for elders. The findings also revealed small differences between the means of data collected using the short version and those obtained using the full instrument.

Investigation of the role of anxiety and depression on the formation of phantom vibration and ringing syndrome induced by working stress during medical internship (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Hsuan Lin ◽  
Kuan-I Lin ◽  
Yuan-Chien Pan ◽  
Sheng-Hsuan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Working Stress ◽  
Causal Mediation Analysis ◽  
Accompanying Symptoms ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND Phantom vibrations syndrome (PVS) and phantom ringing syndrome (PRS) are prevalent hallucinations during medical internship. Depression and anxiety are probably understudied risk factors of PVS and PRS. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the role of anxiety and depression on the relationship between working stress during medical internship and PVS and PRS. METHODS A prospective longitudinal study of 74 medical interns was carried out using repeated investigations of the severity of phantom vibrations and ringing, as well as accompanying symptoms of anxiety and depression as measured by Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory before, at the 3rd, 6th, and 12th month during internship, and 2 weeks after internship. We conducted a causal mediation analysis to investigate the role of depression and anxiety in the mechanism of working stress during medical internship inducing PVS and PRS. RESULTS The results showed that depression explained 21.9% and 8.4% for stress-induced PRS and PVS, respectively. In addition, anxiety explained 15.0% and 7.8% for stress-induced PRS and PVS, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed both depression and anxiety can explain a portion of stress-induced PVS and PRS during medical internship and might be more important in clinical practice and benefit to prevention of work-related burnout.

Childhood Material Hardship and Adolescent Mental Health

2021 ◽  
pp. 0044118X2110018
Author(s):  
Chrisse Edmunds ◽  
Melissa Alcaraz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Adolescent Mental Health ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Fragile Families ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Material Hardship ◽  
Critical Age ◽  
The Relationship

Adolescent mental health has implications for current and future wellbeing. While a link exists between poverty and mental health, little is known about how experiencing material hardship, such as insecurity of food, housing, utilities, and medical care, throughout early childhood affects adolescent mental health. We examine the relationship between material hardship in childhood and adolescent mental health. We use Poisson regression to examine the effect of material hardship experienced at different stages of childhood on adolescent depression and anxiety outcomes at age 15. We use longitudinal data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study ( N = 3,222). We find that recently experiencing material hardship during childhood is positively and significantly associated with anxiety and depression symptoms at age 15, even when controlling for material hardship at age 15. Additionally, we find that insecurity during mid-childhood and the stress of lacking basic needs during a critical age may influence mental health in adolescence.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the relationship between perceived social support, coping strategies, anxiety, and depression symptoms among hospitalized COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
pp. 009121742098208
Author(s):  
Ali Kandeğer ◽  
Memduha Aydın ◽  
Kürşat Altınbaş ◽  
Alparslan Cansız ◽  
Özge Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Adaptive Coping ◽  
The Relationship

Objective We aimed to evaluate the relationship between perceived social support, coping strategies, anxiety, and depression symptoms among hospitalized COVID-19 patients by comparing them with a matched control group in terms of age, gender, and education level. Method The patient group (n = 84) and the healthy controls (HCs, n = 92) filled in the questionnaire including the socio-demographic form, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale, and Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced through the online survey link. Results The COVID-19 patients had higher perceived social support and coping strategies scores than the HCs. However, anxiety and depression scores did not differ significantly between the two groups. In logistic regression analysis performed in COVID-19 patients, the presence of chest CT finding (OR = 4.31; 95% CI = 1.04–17.95) was a risk factor for anxiety and the use of adaptive coping strategies (OR = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.73–0.99) had a negative association with anxiety. In addition, the use of adaptive coping strategies (OR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.79–0.98) and high perceived social support (OR = 0.97; 95% CI = 0.93– 0,99) had a negative association with depression symptoms. Conclusions Longitudinal studies involving the return to normality phase of the COVID-19 pandemic are needed to investigate the effects of factors such as coping strategies and perceived social support that could increase the psychological adjustment and resilience of individuals on anxiety and depression.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety amongst Cancer Patients in a Hospital Setting: A Cross-Sectional Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anish Khalil ◽  
Muhammad Faheem ◽  
Ammad Fahim ◽  
Haran Innocent ◽  
Zainab Mansoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background. The biomedical care for cancer has not been complemented by psychosocial progressions in cancer care.Objectives. To find the prevalence of anxiety and depression amongst cancer patients in a hospital setting.Design and Setting. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the tertiary care hospitals Shifa International Hospital Islamabad and Nuclear Medicine, Oncology, and Radiotherapy Institute [NORI].Patients and Methods. 300 patients were interviewed from both the outpatient and inpatient department using The Aga Khan University Anxiety and Depression Scale (AKUADS).Main Outcome Measures. Using a score of 20 and above on the AKUADS, 146 (48.7%) patients were suffering from anxiety and depression.Results. When cross tabulation was done between different factors and the cancer patients with anxiety and depression, the following factors were found out to be significant with associatedpvalue < 0.05: education of the patient, presence of cancer in the family, the severity of pain, and the patient’s awareness of his anxiety and depression. Out of 143 (47.7%) uneducated patients, 85 (59.4%) were depressed, hence making it the highest educational category suffering from depression and anxiety.Conclusion. The prevalence of anxiety and depression amongst cancer patients was high showing that importance should be given to screening and counseling cancer patients for anxiety and depression, to help them cope with cancer as a disease and its impact on their mental wellbeing.Limitations. The frequency of female patients in our research was higher than those of male patients.

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