The incidence of first-onset depression in a population followed from the age of 70 to 85

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1159-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. PÁLSSON ◽  
S. ÖSTLING ◽  
I. SKOOG
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Refusal Rate ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
First Onset ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Background. Due to the limited data available, it is not clear whether the incidence of first-onset depression varies with age in the elderly.Methods. A representative sample of individuals born 1901–2 (N = 392) was examined at the ages of 70, 75, 79, 81, 83 and 85 years by psychiatrists using a semi-structured schedule. Information on depressive episodes was also collected from self-report and examination of case records. Depression was diagnosed according to the DSM-III-R criteria.Results. The incidence of depression was 12 per 1000 person-years in men and 30 per 1000 person-years in women between the ages of 70 and 85 (sex difference P = 0·001). The incidence increased from 17 per 1000 person-years (men 8·7, women 23·2, P = 0·007) between the ages of 70 and 79 to 44 per 1000 person years (men 27·0, women 52·8, P = 0·166) between 79 and 85 (age difference: RR 2·6, P < 0·001; men RR 3·1, P = 0·036; women RR 2·3, P = 0·003) . A diagnosis of depression was associated with increased mortality and refusal rate during the 15-year follow-up. Previous episodes of depression were associated with an increased risk of further episodes. The prevalence of depression increased from 5·6% at the age of 70 to 13·0% at the age of 85. The lifetime prevalence of depression was 23% in men and 45% in women.Conclusions. Both the incidence and prevalence of depression increased with age in this longitudinally followed birth cohort, and the incidence was higher in women than in men.

scholarly journals Self-reported and cotinine-verified smoking and increased risk of incident hearing loss

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Woncheol Lee ◽  
Yoosoo Chang ◽  
Hocheol Shin ◽  
Seungho Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Urinary Cotinine ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Time Varying Covariates ◽  
New Onset

AbstractWe examined the associations of smoking status and urinary cotinine levels, an objective measure of smoking, with the development of new-onset HL. This cohort study was performed in 293,991 Korean adults free of HL who underwent a comprehensive screening examination and were followed for up to 8.8 years. HL was defined as a pure-tone average of thresholds at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 kHz ≥ 25 dB in both ears. During a median follow-up of 4.9 years, 2286 participants developed new-onset bilateral HL. Self-reported smoking status was associated with an increased risk of new-onset bilateral HL. Multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for incident HL comparing former smokers and current smokers to never-smokers were 1.14 (1.004–1.30) and 1.40 (1.21–1.61), respectively. Number of cigarettes, pack-years, and urinary cotinine levels were consistently associated with incident HL. These associations were similarly observed when introducing changes in smoking status, urinary cotinine, and other confounders during follow-up as time-varying covariates. In this large cohort of young and middle-aged men and women, smoking status based on both self-report and urinary cotinine level were independently associated with an increased incidence of bilateral HL. Our findings indicate smoking is an independent risk factor for HL.

Abstract P060: Plasma Osteocalcin And Incident Diabetes Mellitus: The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) Study

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R Misialek ◽  
Elizabeth R Stremke ◽  
Elizabeth Selvin ◽  
Sanaz Sedaghat ◽  
James S Pankow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Incident Diabetes ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Phone Calls ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Primary Model

Introduction: Diabetes is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Osteocalcin is a vitamin K-dependent, bone-derived hormone that functions as an endocrine regulator of energy metabolism, male fertility, and cognition. Early studies of endocrine effects of osteocalcin have shown that genomic deletion of osteocalcin in mice resulted in a diabetic phenotype (i.e. glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance). However, results from clinical studies have shown mixed associations between blood levels of osteocalcin and risk of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hypothesis: Lower values of plasma osteocalcin would be associated with an increased risk of diabetes. Methods: A total of 11,557 ARIC participants without diabetes at baseline were followed from ARIC visit 3 (1993-1995) through 2018. Diabetes cases were identified through self-report on annual and semi-annual follow-up phone calls. Plasma osteocalcin data was measured using an aptamer-based proteomic profiling platform (SomaLogic). We used Cox regression to evaluate the association of quintiles of plasma osteocalcin and incident diabetes. The primary model adjusted for age, sex, and race-center. Results: Participants were age 60 ± 5.6 years at visit 3, 56% identified as female, 21% identified as Black. There were 3,031 incident diabetes cases over a median follow-up of 17.9 years. Mean ± SD was 10.053 ± 0.775. When comparing the highest quintile of plasma osteocalcin (values 10.42 to 14.66) to the lowest quintile (values 9.03 to 9.52), there was no association with incident diabetes (HRs [95% CIs]: 0.92 [0.81, 1.02]). There was also no significant trend across the quintiles (p = 0.19). Results were similar when adjusting for additional potential confounders, and when limiting the follow-up time to 10 years. Conclusions: These data do not support the hypothesis that total plasma osteocalcin, as measured by Somalogic proteomic panel, is a biomarker associated with diabetes risk. It is possible that total plasma or serum osteocalcin and/or other isoforms of osteocalcin protein (i.e. gamma carboxylated or uncarboxylated osteocalcin) measured via other validated methodologies may be linked to diabetes.

scholarly journals Atrial Fibrillation Increases the Risk of Early-Onset Dementia in the General Population: Data from a Population-Based Cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3665
Author(s):  
Dongmin Kim ◽  
Pil-Sung Yang ◽  
Gregory Y.H. Lip ◽  
Boyoung Joung
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Population Data ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Early Onset Dementia ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Late Onset Dementia

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is considered a risk factor for dementia, especially in the elderly. However, the association between the two diseases is not well identified in different age subgroups. The association of incident AF with the development of dementia was assessed from 1 January 2005, to 31 December 2013, in 428,262 participants from a longitudinal cohort (the Korea National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening cohort). In total, 10,983 participants were diagnosed with incident AF during the follow-up period. The incidence of dementia was 11.3 and 3.0 per 1000 person-years in the incident-AF and without-AF groups, respectively. After adjustment for clinical variables, the risk of dementia was significantly elevated by incident AF, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.98 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.80–2.17, p < 0.001), even after censoring for stroke (HR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.55–1.94, p < 0.001). The HRs of incident AF for dementia onset before the age of 65 (early-onset dementia) and for onset after the age of 65 (late-onset dementia) were 2.91 (95% CI: 1.93–4.41) and 1.67 (95% CI: 1.49–1.87), respectively. Younger participants with AF were more prone to dementia development than older participants with AF (p for trend < 0.001). AF was associated with an increased risk of both early- and late-onset dementia, independent of clinical stroke.

Bipolar disorder and risk of Parkinson disease

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (24) ◽  
pp. e2735-e2742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mao-Hsuan Huang ◽  
Chih-Ming Cheng ◽  
Kai-Lin Huang ◽  
Ju-Wei Hsu ◽  
Ya-Mei Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Depressive Episodes

ObjectiveTo evaluate the risk of Parkinson disease (PD) among patients with bipolar disorder (BD).MethodsUsing the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, we examined 56,340 patients with BD and 225,360 age- and sex-matched controls between 2001 and 2009 and followed them to the end of 2011. Individuals who developed PD during the follow-up period were identified.ResultsPatients with BD had a higher incidence of PD (0.7% vs 0.1%, p < 0.001) during the follow-up period than the controls. A Cox regression analysis with adjustments for demographic data and medical comorbid conditions revealed that patients with BD were more likely to develop PD (hazard ratio [HR] 6.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.74–8.02) than the control group. Sensitivity analyses after exclusion of the first year (HR 5.82, 95% CI 4.89–6.93) or first 3 years (HR 4.42; 95% CI 3.63–5.37) of observation showed consistent findings. Moreover, a high frequency of psychiatric admission for manic/mixed and depressive episodes was associated with an increased risk of developing PD.ConclusionPatients with BD had a higher incidence of PD during the follow-up period than the control group. Manic/mixed and depressive episodes were associated with an elevated likelihood of developing PD. Further studies are necessary to investigate the underlying pathophysiology between BD and PD.

scholarly journals Citrus Consumption and Risk of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (23) ◽  
pp. 2500-2508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaowei Wu ◽  
Jiali Han ◽  
Diane Feskanich ◽  
Eunyoung Cho ◽  
Meir J. Stampfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Apparent Association

Purpose Citrus products are widely consumed foods that are rich in psoralens and furocoumarins, a group of naturally occurring chemicals with potential photocarcinogenic properties. We prospectively evaluated the risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma associated with citrus consumption. Methods A total of 63,810 women in the Nurses' Health Study (1984 to 2010) and 41,622 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986 to 2010) were included. Dietary information was repeatedly assessed every 2 to 4 years during follow-up. Incident melanoma cases were identified through self-report and confirmed by pathologic records. Results Over 24 to 26 years of follow-up, we documented 1,840 incident melanomas. After adjustment for other risk factors, the pooled multivariable hazard ratios for melanoma were 1.00 for overall citrus consumption < twice per week (reference), 1.10 (95% CI, 0.94 to 1.30) for two to four times per week, 1.26 (95% CI, 1.08 to 1.47) for five to six times per week, 1.27 (95% CI, 1.09 to 1.49) for once to 1.5 times per day, and 1.36 (95% CI, 1.14 to 1.63) for ≥ 1.6 times per day (Ptrend < .001). Among individual citrus products, grapefruit showed the most apparent association with risk of melanoma, which was independent of other lifestyle and dietary factors. The pooled multivariable hazard ratio for melanoma comparing the extreme consumption categories of grapefruit (≥ three times per week v never) was 1.41 (95% CI, 1.10 to 1.82; Ptrend < .001). Conclusion Citrus consumption was associated with an increased risk of malignant melanoma in two cohorts of women and men. Nevertheless, further investigation is needed to confirm our findings and explore related health implications.

Multimorbidity, mortality, and physical activity

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D Loprinzi ◽  
Ovuokerie Addoh ◽  
Chelsea Joyner
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Minimal Effect ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
The Government ◽  
Physician Diagnosis

Objectives Multimorbidity and physical inactivity are individually associated with increased mortality risk, but the possibility for physical activity to moderate the multimorbidity–mortality relationship has yet to be investigated. Methods Data from the 1999–2006 NHANES were employed, with 16,091 participants constituting the analytic sample. Participants were followed through 2011, including a median follow-up of 99 months. Physical activity was assessed via self-report with multimorbidity assessed from physician diagnosis. Results After adjustment, for every 1 morbidity increase, participants had a 23% increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.19–1.28; p < 0.001). Multimorbidity mostly remained associated with all-cause mortality across all levels of physical activity, with the exception of those achieving four times the dose of the government guidelines. Discussion With the exception of those who engaged in high levels of self-reported physical activity, physical activity had a minimal effect on the multimorbidity–mortality relationship.

scholarly journals Associations among Elder Abuse, Depression and PTSD in South Korean Older Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Jung Choi ◽  
Meaghan O’Donnell ◽  
Hwa-Bok Choi ◽  
Hae-Sun Jung ◽  
Sean Cowlishaw
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Increasing attention is being placed on the prevalence of elder abuse and its impact on mental health. This study conducted a survey of 172 elderly people in South Korea to determine the prevalence of elder abuse and the relationships involving elder abuse, depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Participants completed a battery of self-report questionnaires, which included the Korean Geriatric Depression Screening Scale (KGDS) and Impact of Event Scale-Revised Korean version (IES-R-K). Descriptive analyses were conducted to examine the frequency of specific forms of abuse. Logistic regression models were estimated to identify the factors that contributed to risk of abuse exposure and the relationship between exposure and PTSD or depression. The results indicated around 22% of the participants reported abuse exposure, which most commonly included being refused physical contact, verbal threats, and/or being excluded from decision-making about personal issues. Low education and being unmarried, separated or divorced was associated with an increased risk of abuse exposure. There were strong associations between elder abuse and PTSD symptoms, while comparable relationships with depression were weaker and were not robust to the inclusion of control variables. The findings provided empirical support for the relationship between abuse experiences of the elderly and poor mental health and raise important issues for the mental health care of the elderly.

scholarly journals Work stress, migration background and risk of long-term sickness absence in Denmark

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Rugulies ◽  
J K Sørensen ◽  
I E H Madsen ◽  
M Nordentoft ◽  
K Sørensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Work Stress ◽  
Migration Background ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Effort Reward Imbalance ◽  
Reward Imbalance ◽  
Prevention Activities

Abstract Background Work stress may increase risk of long-term sickness absence, but little is known if this association differs by migration background. In this study, we examined the prospective association between effort-reward imbalance at work and risk of long-term sickness absence in individuals with and without migration background in the Danish workforce. Methods We included 59,468 respondents from a nationwide survey on work and health, 3,226 with a migration background (immigrants or first generation descendants of immigrants) and 56,242 without a migration background. Effort-reward imbalance was assessed by self-report. Migration background and long-term sickness absence (spells ≥6 weeks) were assessed by national register data. Using Cox regression, we estimated the association between effort-reward imbalance and onset of long-term sickness absence during 12 months follow-up separately for participants with and without a migration background, adjusted for age, sex, education and previous long-term sickness absence. Results The effort-reward imbalance score at baseline was similar for respondents with and without a migration background. The hazard ratio for long-term sickness absence during follow-up per 1 standard deviation increment in effort-reward imbalance at baseline was 1.26 (95% CI: 1.16-1.37) and 1.16 (95% CI: 1.13-1.20) for respondents with and without a migration background, respectively. Conclusions Work stress, measured by effort-reward imbalance, is associated with an increased risk of long-term sickness absence in workers with and without a migration background in Denmark. Although the estimate was higher in workers with a migration background, confidence intervals overlapped indicating that associations were similar in both groups. The results suggest that prevention activities on effort-reward imbalance and long-term sickness absence should not be prioritized by migration background but should be offered to the whole workforce. Key messages Work stress, measured by effort-reward imbalance, is associated with an increased risk of long-term sickness absence in workers with and without a migration background in Denmark. The results suggest that prevention activities on effort-reward imbalance and long-term sickness absence activities should be offered to the whole workforce.

scholarly journals Hours lying down per day, as a proxy for sedentary behaviour and risk of diabetes in young and middle-aged adults in Norway: an 11-year follow-up of the HUNT study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e035010
Author(s):  
Ernest O Asante ◽  
Yi-Qian Sun ◽  
Tom Ivar Lund Nilsen ◽  
Bjørn Olav Åsvold ◽  
Elin Pettersen Sørgjerd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Incident Diabetes ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
Lying Down

ObjectiveWe aimed to examine relationship between hours lying down per day, as a proxy for sedentary behaviour and risk of diabetes in young and middle-aged adults, and to assess if leisure-time physical activity and body mass index (BMI) modified this relationship.DesignA population-based prospective cohort study.SettingNord-Trøndelag, Norway.ParticipantsThe cohort included 17 058 diabetes-free adults, at an age of 20–55 years in 1995–1997, who were followed-up to 2006–2008.Primary outcome measuresIncident diabetes was defined by self-report of diabetes or non-fasting glucose levels greater than 11 mmol/L at the follow-up.MethodsMultivariable logistic regression models were used to obtain OR with 95% CI for risk of diabetes by the categories of hours lying down (≤7, 8 and ≥9 hours/day).Results362 individuals (2.1%) developed diabetes during an average of 11-year follow-up. Individuals who reported lying down ≥9 hours/day had an adjusted OR of 1.35 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.80) for incident diabetes compared with those lying down 8 hours/day. Lying down ≤7 hours/day was not associated with the risk of diabetes. In analysis stratified by physical activity, the ORs associated with lying down ≥9 hours/day were 1.41 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.90) and 0.90 (95% CI 0.23 to 3.55), respectively, among the less active and highly active individuals (pinteraction=0.048). There was little evidence that the association differed by BMI status (pinteraction=0.62).ConclusionsProlonged hours lying down per day was associated with an increased risk of diabetes in young and middle-aged adults. The positive association appeared to be modified by physical activity but not by BMI.

Persistence of psychological problems in adolescence: a one year follow-up study

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah James ◽  
Maria Lawlor ◽  
Nick Sofroniou
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Youth Self Report ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Externalising Problems ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
One Year ◽  
Internalising Problems

AbstractObjectives: To examine the prevalence and persistence of psychological problems in older adolescents.Methods: This study is a one year follow-up of 110 adolescents, 64 girls and 46 boys attending three secondary schools in Ireland. All were 16 at initial testing. The Youth Self Report (YSR) was the measure used.Results: Over a fifth of adolescents have problems in the clinical range. These problems persisted from 16 to 17. Females reported more problems than males at both ages. Some females showed a slight reduction in internalising problems at 17. Both males and females showed an increase in externalising problems at 17. Odds ratios indicate that those in the clinical ranges of the YSR at 16, had increased risk of being in the clinical range at 17 compared to those in the no problem range at 16. In comparison to those with no suicidal feeling, those with suicidal feelings at 16 were at an increased risk of still feeling suicidal at 17. More males remained psychologically healthy than girls.Conclusions: A large proportion of adolescents in this sample have psychological problems and these appear to persist over a one year period. These problems impact substantially on the adolescents themselves, their families and society. Given the increasing suicide rate in young people and the persistence of suicidal feelings in this cohort, the inadequacy of mental health services in Ireland for adolescents, particularly those ages 16-18 is highlighted. The challenge of developing and providing adolescent friendly services is addressed.

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