Childhood anxious/withdrawn behaviour and later anxiety disorder: a network outcome analysis of a population cohort

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Nathan J. Monk ◽  
Geraldine F. H. McLeod ◽  
Roger T. Mulder ◽  
Janet K. Spittlehouse ◽  
Joseph M. Boden
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Childhood Anxiety ◽  
Outcome Analysis ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Background Several previous studies have identified a continuity between childhood anxiety/withdrawal and anxiety disorder (AD) in later life. However, not all children with anxiety/withdrawal problems will experience an AD in later life. Previous studies have shown that the severity of childhood anxiety/withdrawal accounts for some of the variability in AD outcomes. However, no studies to date have investigated how variation in features of anxiety/withdrawal may relate to continuity prognoses. The present research addresses this gap. Methods Data were gathered as part of the Christchurch Health and Development Study, a 40-year population birth cohort of 1265 children born in Christchurch, New Zealand. Fifteen childhood anxiety/withdrawal items were measured at 7–9 years and AD outcomes were measured at various interviews from 15 to 40 years. Six network models were estimated. Two models estimated the network structure of childhood anxiety/withdrawal items independently for males and females. Four models estimated childhood anxiety/withdrawal items predicting adolescent AD (14–21 years) and adult AD (21–40 years) in both males and females. Results Approximately 40% of participants met the diagnostic criteria for an AD during both the adolescent (14–21 years) and adult (21–40 years) outcome periods. Outcome networks showed that items measuring social and emotional anxious/withdrawn behaviours most frequently predicted AD outcomes. Items measuring situation-based fears and authority figure-specific anxious/withdrawn behaviour did not consistently predict AD outcomes. This applied across both the male and female subsamples. Conclusions Social and emotional anxious/withdrawn behaviours in middle childhood appear to carry increased risk for AD outcomes in both adolescence and adulthood.

scholarly journals Blood pressure measurement in overweight, underweight and normal BMI undergraduate students of a private medical college: correlation of BMI with blood pressure

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 2921
Author(s):  
Shah Mohd Abbas Waseem ◽  
Rubeena Bano
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Elevated Blood Pressure ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Males And Females

Background: It is estimated that by 2025 around 46.5% of India’s population will be suffering from hypertension and associated complications. Thus, early detection of hypertension can prevent complications in later life. Higher BMI is associated with increased risk of elevated blood pressure. Weight related problems are on rise in college/University students. The medical students are at greater risk owing to various stressors. Thus, the present study was undertaken to measure blood pressure and BMI of undergraduate MBBS students and to find correlation with them.Methods: 253 students were enrolled in the study. BMI (Kg/m2) and blood pressure (mmHg) were measured. The data was analysed using appropriate statistical tests.Results: BMI was 22.54±2.85 and 20.75±2.99 Kg/m2 respectively in males and females (p<0.001). 21.34% and 12.65% were found to be underweight and overweight respectively.  SBP and DBP in males and females was found to be 120.54±9.48/79.71±4.77 and 110.80±0.98/74.40±5.45 mmHg respectively (p<0.001). 67.98%, 28.07% and 3.95% students were found to be normo, pre-and hypertensive respectively. Significant positive correlation of BMI with SBP and DBP was found both in males and females.Conclusions: There is weight related concerns and associated complications like elevated blood pressure in medical students.

scholarly journals DSM-IV-defined anxiety disorder symptoms in a middle-childhood-aged group of Malaysian children using the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atefeh Ahmadi ◽  
Mohamed Sharif Mustaffa ◽  
Amirmudin Udin ◽  
AliAkbar Haghdoost
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Childhood Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Children’S Anxiety ◽  
Spence Children’S Anxiety Scale ◽  
Malaysian Students

Introduction Pediatric anxiety disorders are the most common mental health disorders in the middle-childhood age group. The purpose of this study is to assess anxiety disorder symptoms, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV), in a large community sample of low socioeconomic level rural children and to investigate some of the psychometric properties (internal consistency, construct and convergent validity and items rated as often or always experienced) of the Malay version of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale - Child version (SCAS-C). Method Six hundred children aged 9-11 and 424 of their parents completely answered the child or parent versions of the SCAS. Results Results indicated that the internal reliability of subscales were moderate to adequate. Significant correlations between child and parent reports supported the measure's concurrent validity. Additionally, anxiety levels in this Malaysian sample were lower than among South-African children and higher than among their Western peers. There were both similarities and differences between symptom items reported as often or always experienced by Malaysian students and by children from other cultures. Confirmatory factor analysis provided evidence of the existence of five inter-correlated factors for anxiety disorders based on SCAS-C. Conclusion Although some of the instrument's psychometric properties deviated from those observed in some other countries, it nevertheless appears to be useful for assessing childhood anxiety symptoms in this country.

Maternal hypomagnesemia alters renal function but does not program changes in the cardiovascular physiology of adult offspring

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Schlegel ◽  
K. M. Moritz ◽  
T. M. Paravicini
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Adult Offspring ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Maternal Undernutrition ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health And Development

Maternal undernutrition is known to adversely impact fetal health and development. Insults experienced in utero alter development of the fetus as it adapts to microenvironment stressors, leading to growth restriction and subsequent low birth weight. Infants born small for gestational age have significantly increased risk of developing cardiovascular and renal disease in later life, an effect that is often characterized by hypertension and reduced glomerular number. Maternal magnesium (Mg2+) deficiency during pregnancy impairs fetal growth, however, the long-term health consequences for the offspring remain unknown. Here, we used a mouse model of dietary Mg2+ deficiency before and during pregnancy to investigate cardiovascular and renal outcomes in male and female adult offspring at 6 months of age. There were no differences between groups in 24-h mean arterial pressure or heart rate as measured by radiotelemetry. Cardiovascular responses to aversive (restraint, dirty cage switch) and non-aversive (feeding response) stressors were also similar in all groups. There were no differences in nephron number, however, Mg2+-deficient offspring had increased urine flow (in both males and females) and reduced Mg2+ excretion (in males only). Despite evidence suggesting that maternal nutrient restriction programs for hypertension in adult offspring, we found that a moderate level of maternal dietary Mg2+ deficiency did not program for a nephron deficit, or alter cardiovascular function at 6 months of age. These data suggest there are no long-term adverse outcomes for the cardiovascular health of offspring of Mg2+ deficient mothers.

scholarly journals Infant stranger fear trajectories predict anxious behaviors and diurnal cortisol rhythm during childhood

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 1119-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol A. Van Hulle ◽  
Mollie N. Moore ◽  
Kathryn Lemery-Chalfant ◽  
H. Hill Goldsmith ◽  
Rebecca J. Brooker
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Separation Anxiety ◽  
Separation Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Developmental Pathways ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Diurnal Cortisol ◽  
Alternative Pathways ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractAlthough a robust literature has linked stable, high levels of fear across childhood to increased risk for anxiety problems, less is known about alternative pathways to anxiety. We tested two putatively normative developmental pathways of early fearfulness for their distinct associations with behavioral (anxiety-related behaviors and symptoms) and biological (diurnal cortisol) markers of anxiety risk in middle childhood in a community-based sample (n = 107). Steeper increases in fear from 6 to 36 months predicted more parent-reported anxiety symptoms at age 8 years. In addition, children who exhibited steep increases in fear during infancy were overrepresented among children with diagnoses of separation anxiety disorder at age 8 years. Finally, we showed that steeper increases in fearfulness in infancy predicted flatter slopes of diurnal cortisol at age 8 years for girls. Thus, differences in stranger fear across infancy may indicate varying degrees of risk for anxious behaviors in later childhood.

scholarly journals Long term alterations of growth after antenatal steroids in preterm twin pregnancies

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Braun ◽  
Vivien Filleböck ◽  
Boris Metze ◽  
Christoph Bührer ◽  
Andreas Plagemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Ponderal Index ◽  
Childhood Growth ◽  
Antenatal Steroids ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Infancy And Early Childhood ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the long-term effects of antenatal betamethasone (ANS, ≤16 mg, =24 mg and >24 mg) in twins on infant and childhood growth.MethodsA retrospective cohort follow up study among 198 twins after ANS including three time points: U1 first neonatal examination after birth and in the neonatal period; U7 examination from the 21st to the 24th month of life and U9 examination from the 60th to the 64th month of life using data from copies of the children’s examination booklets. Inclusion criteria are twin pregnancies with preterm labor, cervical shortening, preterm premature rupture of membranes, or vaginal bleeding, and exposure to ANS between 23+5 and 33+6 weeks. Outcome measures are dosage-dependent and sex-specific effects of ANS on growth (body weight, body length, head circumference, body mass index and ponderal index) up to 5.3 years.ResultsOverall, 99 live-born twin pairs were included. Negative effects of ANS on fetal growth persisted beyond birth, altered infant and childhood growth, independent of possible confounding factors. Overall weight percentile significantly decreased between infancy and early childhood by 18.8%. Birth weight percentiles significantly changed in a dose dependent and sex specific manner, most obviously in female-female and mixed pairs. The ponderal index significantly decreased up to 42.9%, BMI index increased by up to 33.8%.ConclusionsANS results in long-term alterations in infant and childhood growth. Changes between infancy and early childhood in ponderal mass index and BMI, independent of dose or twin pair structure, might indicate an ANS associated increased risk for later life disease.SynopsisFirst-time report on long-term ANS administration growth effects in twin pregnancies, showing persisting alterations beyond birth in infant and childhood growth up to 5.3 years as potential indicator of later life disease risk.

scholarly journals Association between early bronchiolitis and the development of childhood asthma: a meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e043956
Author(s):  
Guizuo Wang ◽  
Dong Han ◽  
Zhengdong Jiang ◽  
Manxiang Li ◽  
Shumei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Registration Number

ObjectiveEarly life bronchiolitis has been hypothesised to be associated with the subsequent risk of persistent wheezing or asthma. However, the link remains controversial. The objective of our study was to evaluate the association between bronchiolitis before 2 years of age and the late-onset wheezing/asthma.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsPubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for studies published between 1955 and January 2020. Meanwhile, we also checked through the reference lists of relevant articles to see whether these references included reports of other studies that might be eligible for the review. Cohort and case–control studies assessing the association between early-life bronchiolitis and late-onset wheezing/asthma were included in this meta-analysis. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers. Results were pooled using a random-effects model or fixed-effects model according to the heterogeneity among studies.Results32 original articles with 292 844 participants, which met the criteria, were included in this meta-analysis. Bronchiolitis before 2 years of age was associated with an increased risk of subsequent wheezing/asthma (relative risk=2.46, 95% CI 2.14 to 2.82, p<0.001). After categorising studies into different groups based on age at the end of follow-up, geographical region and study quality, the association still remained significant.ConclusionsThe meta-analysis indicates an association between bronchiolitis before 2 years of age and the wheezing/asthma in later life. Well-designed and highly standardised prospective studies that better address bias due to potential confounding factors are needed to validate the risk identified in our meta-analysis.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018089453.

scholarly journals Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Infant Adiposity at Birth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Therapeutic Interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 835
Author(s):  
Manoja P. Herath ◽  
Jeffrey M. Beckett ◽  
Andrew P. Hills ◽  
Nuala M. Byrne ◽  
Kiran D. K. Ahuja
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Exposure to untreated gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in utero increases the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes in adulthood, and increased adiposity in GDM-exposed infants is suggested as a plausible mediator of this increased risk of later-life metabolic disorders. Evidence is equivocal regarding the impact of good glycaemic control in GDM mothers on infant adiposity at birth. We systematically reviewed studies reporting fat mass (FM), percent fat mass (%FM) and skinfold thicknesses (SFT) at birth in infants of mothers with GDM controlled with therapeutic interventions (IGDMtr). While treating GDM lowered FM in newborns compared to no treatment, there was no difference in FM and SFT according to the type of treatment (insulin, metformin, glyburide). IGDMtr had higher overall adiposity (mean difference, 95% confidence interval) measured with FM (68.46 g, 29.91 to 107.01) and %FM (1.98%, 0.54 to 3.42) but similar subcutaneous adiposity measured with SFT, compared to infants exposed to normal glucose tolerance (INGT). This suggests that IGDMtr may be characterised by excess fat accrual in internal adipose tissue. Given that intra-abdominal adiposity is a major risk factor for metabolic disorders, future studies should distinguish adipose tissue distribution of IGDMtr and INGT.

scholarly journals Prescribing Trends of Anticholinergic Drugs Between 1989 and 2017: A UK Biobank Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 209-209
Author(s):  
Jure Mur ◽  
Simon Cox ◽  
Riccardo Marioni ◽  
Tom Russ ◽  
Graciela Muniz Terrera
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Anticholinergic Drug ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Anticholinergic Drugs ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Linear Estimate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prescribing Trends ◽  
Anticholinergic Burden

Abstract Prescription drugs with anticholinergic properties are commonly prescribed and negatively impact physical performance, cognitive function, and increase the risk of falls and dementia. The prevalence of anticholinergic drugs is high in later life, when there is an increased risk of adverse drug effects. Recent, in-depth longitudinal analyses of specifically anticholinergic prescribing in Europe is lacking. Prescriptions for the UK-Biobank participants (n=222,122) were ascertained from primary care electronic patient records. We assigned anticholinergic activity to each drug by using a composite score. We used linear regression to study the association between current anticholinergic burden and time period, explore secular trends in anticholinergic use, and various demographic factors. We further explored the results in the context of different classes of prescriptions drugs. 74 distinct drugs in the sample (1.1%) had anticholinergic effects. An individual’s overall anticholinergic burden increased nonlinearly (linear estimate=0.474, quadratic estimate = 0.094, both p&lt;2.2x10-16) between 1989 (mean=0.09, σ=0.009) and 2000 (mean=0.22, σ=0.006) and increased nonlinearly (linear estimate=0.282, quadratic estimate=0.074, both p&lt;2.2x10-16) from 2000 to 2016 (mean=0.27, σ=0.009). The proportion of patients prescribed at least one anticholinergic drug per month increased from 6.1% to 16.7% from 1989 to 2000 and increased to 18.6% by 2016. When adjusted for sex and polypharmacy, age was negatively associated with recent cross-sectional anticholinergic burden (estimate=-0.042, p&lt;2.2x10-16). Our results demonstrate an increase in prescribing of anticholinergic drugs over the past 30 years and indicate contemporary deprescribing of anticholinergic drugs in the later decades of life.

Co-occurring trajectories of anxiety and insistence on sameness behaviour in autism spectrum disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 218 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Danielle A. Baribeau ◽  
Simone Vigod ◽  
Eleanor Pullenayegum ◽  
Connor M. Kerns ◽  
Pat Mirenda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Childhood Anxiety ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Insistence On Sameness

BackgroundChildren with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have increased susceptibility to anxiety disorders. Variation in a common ASD symptom, insistence on sameness behaviour, may predict future anxiety symptoms.AimsTo describe the joint heterogeneous longitudinal trajectories of insistence on sameness and anxiety in children with ASD and to characterise subgroups at higher risk for anxiety.MethodIn a longitudinal ASD cohort (n = 421), insistence on sameness behaviour was measured using the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised at approximately ages 3, 6 and 11 years. Anxiety was quantified at 8 time points between ages 3 and 11 years using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) (parent report). Clusters of participants following similar trajectories were identified using group-based and joint trajectory modelling.ResultsThree insistence on sameness trajectories were identified: (a) ‘low-stable’ (41.7% of participants), (b) ‘moderate-increasing’ (52.0%) and (c) ‘high-peaking’ (i.e. increasing then stabilising/decreasing behaviour) (6.3%). Four anxiety trajectories were identified: (a) ‘low-increasing’ (51.0%), (b) ‘moderate-decreasing’ (16.2%), (c) ‘moderate-increasing’ (19.6%) and (d) ‘high-stable’ (13.1%). Of those assigned to the ‘high-peaking’ insistence on sameness trajectory, 95% jointly followed an anxiety trajectory that surpassed the threshold for clinical concern (T-score >65) by middle childhood (anxiety trajectories 3 or 4). Insistence on sameness and anxiety trajectories were similar in severity and direction for 64% of the sample; for 36%, incongruous patterns were seen (e.g. decreasing anxiety and increasing insistence on sameness).ConclusionsThe concurrent assessment of insistence on sameness behaviour and anxiety in ASD may help in understanding current symptom profiles and anticipating future trajectories. High preschool insistence on sameness in particular may be associated with elevated current or future anxiety symptoms.

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