Orr and Kant: An analysis of the intellectual encounter behind ‘The Christian worldview’

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-122
Author(s):  
Michelle C. Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Culture War ◽  
Christian Worldview ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Aesthetic Expression

AbstractToday, Christianity is often described as a ‘worldview’, especially among Reformed evangelicals in the USA. In this article I return to the 1890 lectures where Scottish theologian James Orr adapted the concept of Weltanschauung for Christian purposes. Although it was coined by Immanuel Kant in 1790, and primarily used in subsequent decades to theorise cultural difference and evaluate aesthetic expression, Orr nevertheless claims that the idea of a worldview is ‘as old as the dawn of reflection’ and thus appropriate to articulating Christianity. I examine Orr's engagement with the Kantian and emerging historicist context, paying particular attention to his epistemological and aesthetic citations and showing how Orr both adopts and departs from the characteristic features of the Kantian subject. I conclude by assessing the philosophical and theological costs of this project that, among other things, positions Christianity for perpetual culture war within secular societies similarly shaped by the post-Kantian subject.

scholarly journals Immanuel Kant and Herman Cohen’s philosophy of religion

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
Vladimir N. Belov ◽  
◽  
Aleksandra Yu. Berdnikova ◽  
Yulia G. Karagod ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Philosophy Of Religion ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Practical Philosophy ◽  
Jewish Tradition ◽  
Baruch Spinoza ◽  
Moses Mendelssohn ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Characteristic Features

The article analyzes the main characteristic features of the philosophy of religion of the founder of the Marburg school of neo-Kantianism Hermann Cohen. Special attention is paid to Cohen’s criticism and reinterpretation of Kant’s “practical philosophy” from the point of view of the philosophy of religion: Cohen supplements and expands Kant’s provisions on moral law and moral duty, interpreting them as divine commandments. The authors emphasize the fundamental importance for Cohen of the “internal similarity” between Kant’s ethical teaching and the main provisions of Judaism. The sources of Kant’s own ideas about the Jewish tradition are shown, which include the work of Moses Mendelssohn “Jerusalem” and the “Theologicalpolitical treatise” by Baruch Spinoza. Cohen’s criticism of these works is analyzed an much attention is paid to the consideration of Cohen’s attitude to Spinoza’s philosophical legacy in general. The interpretation of the postulates of Judaism by Cohen (and their “inner kinship” with Kant’s moral philosophy) in ethical, logical, and political contexts is presented. Cohen’s understanding of such religious-philosophical and doctrinal phenomena as law, grace, Revelation, teaching, the Torah, messianism, freedom, the Old Testament and the New Testament, etc. is provided and analyzed. The main points of Cohen’s religious teaching as “ethical monotheism” are considered; in particular, the authors analyze his understanding of the idea of God as “the only one”, which is highlighted in the works of Paul Natorp. It is concluded that Cohen’s philosophy of religion, which is based on the postulates of Judaism as well as Kant’s “practical philosophy”, could be characterized by the terms “ethical monotheism”, “universalism” and “humanism”.

scholarly journals MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION MODELS IN ELECTRICAL CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE (EXAMPLE OF KEY COUNTRIES: USA AND CHINA)

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-108
Author(s):  
Леонид Вячеславович Калимуллин ◽  
Денис Константинович Левченко
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Infrastructure Management ◽  
Electric Transport ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
State Initiatives ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Russian Model

Несмотря на существующие государственные инициативы, одним из факторов, сдерживающих развитие электротранспорта в России, является низкий уровень развития электрозарядной инфраструктуры. В данном контексте актуально изучить успешный опыт построения и внедрения моделей функционирования электрозарядной инфраструктуры и управления ею на примере наиболее развитых по данному направлению стран. Целью статьи является исследование моделей функционирования инфраструктуры для электромобилей и управления ею, применяемых в США и Китае, выявление характерных особенностей, преимуществ и недостатков с целью формирования наиболее оптимальных условий для построения российской модели электрозарядной инфраструктуры. Элементы научной новизны заключаются в обобщении и систематизация практического опыта применения моделей функционирования электрозарядной инфраструктуры и управления ею. Despite existing state initiatives, one of the factors limiting the development of electric transport in Russia is the low level of development of electric charging infrastructure. In this context, it is relevant to study the successful experience of building and implementing models for the management and operation of electric charging infrastructure on the example of the most developed countries in this area. The purpose of the article is to study models of infrastructure management and functioning for electric vehicles used in the USA and China, to identify characteristic features, advantages and disadvantages in order to form the most optimal conditions for building a Russian model of electric charging infrastructure. Elements of scientific novelty are the synthesis and systematization of practical experience in the application of models of control and operation of electric charging infrastructure.

Romantic Style in American Music and Its Place in Courses of Disciplines of Universities of Culture and Art

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-227
Author(s):  
M.G. Kruglova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
American Music ◽  
American Composers ◽  
Musical Thinking ◽  
Romantic Music ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Creative Experience ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Professional Disciplines

in the development of American music of the 19th century, researchers find stylistic trends in romanticism. During this period, the characteristic features of national musical thinking and the features of the composer’s work of US composers manifest themselves. A similar thing was observed in European music of the same century: the Polish national composer school was formed in Chopin’s works, Liszt embodied the features of Hungarian music, Grieg – Norwegian, etc. Since the beginning of the 19th century, American composers have been passionate about European romantic trends, but at the same time they have gone and developed along their special path. The influence of Schubert, Schumann, Mendelssohn is felt in the works of American composers of the mid-19th century, in the literature of the USA romanticism manifested itself much earlier, and its development was peculiar and special due to the ethnic and historical development of the country. However, all these most important historical pages still remain almost without the attention of scholars, researchers, and are also absent from the courses of music history not only colleges, but also universities of art culture. In this work, an attempt is made to outline ways to master the artistic and creative experience of composers of the USA of the 19th century in the process of studying professional disciplines by students of universities of culture and art and at the same time enriching the scientific experience of musicology with new discoveries in the field of American romantic music.

scholarly journals STAGE IMAGES OF ROCK MUSICIANS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE FORMATION OF MODERN TRENDS IN CLOTHING DESIGN

2021 ◽  
pp. 199-211
Author(s):  
Kateryna Kyselova ◽  
Olha Shandrenko ◽  
Alina Shcherbak
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Hard Rock ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Fashion Design ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Rock Musicians ◽  
Characteristic Features

The purpose of the article is to reveal the influence of stage images of rock musicians on fashion design trends formation. Research methodology: the authors of the article use methods of source study analysis to determine the level of scientific development of the issue, comparative historical analysis to identify the characteristic features of images of musicians and catwalk models of clothing collections of famous designers, and theoretical generalization to draw conclusions. The scientific novelty of the work is to highlight the influence of stage images of musicians on the formation of modern trends in fashion design. The analysis of genre affiliation reveals stylistic differences of the stage costume of popular musicians of the USA and Europe. Some stylistic characteristics of the artists’ stage clothing could be traced in the collections of famous fashion brands of the 21st century, such as Balenciaga, Philipp Plein, Vetements, Alexander Wang, Alexander McQueen, and others. Conclusions. The research reveals the main stylistic features of the stage costume of hard rock and heavy metal musicians. Stage images of artists were innovative and widely used in fashion design of the 20th and early 21st century. The active influence of musicians on fashion trends began in the 60s and 70s of the twentieth century, which coincided with the development of stage costume design and the significant spread of media technology. Hard rock and heavy metal performers created and popularized such a style direction as “grunge”, which is one of the leading musical trends in 2020–2021. Designers of the 21st century borrowed many details, visual and stylistic features, and even concepts for brands from popular hard and heavy artists of the 1970s–1990s. Stage images of rock musicians have a significant impact on the development of fashion and design.

scholarly journals Alexander Melamid’s Portraiture of the 2010s

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-46
Author(s):  
Georgy Koshelev ◽  
Alexandra Spiridonova
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Collaborative Creativity ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Pictorial Series ◽  
Academic Painting ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Color Scheme ◽  
Technical Features

The article focuses on a comprehensive study of Alexander Melamid’s portraiture included in his first independent project after thirty years of collaborative creativity with Vitaly Komar. Throughout the entire thirty-year period of cooperation, the painters signed their works with the Komar and Melamid trademark making it difficult to determine the artists’ individual characters. A detailed analysis of the solo works of the 60-70s, before the beginning of collaborative creativity, is presented; it helps us to detect individual traits in the works of the duet and to better identify the artists’ personalities, to reconstruct the technical features of each artist’s painting style. In 2007, Alexander Melamid began creating a large-scale series of paintings which would become his new conceptual line of creative work; later, in 2009, the artist developed and supplemented the series with portraits of Italian clergy and Russian oligarchs. Characteristic features of the Holy Hip Hop! portrait series, exhibited at the Detroit Museum of Modern Art in 2008, are studied in the article. The artist paid special attention to the psychological characters of the portrayed, the entire series is painted in one color scheme, within one scale. The pictorial series is an integral conceptual statement. The purely plastic qualities of the paintings fade into the background. They are not so important for Alexander Melamid - he uses academic painting as a tool to convey more accurately the psychology of the portrayed whom he treats with ironic interest. It is important to note that Alexander Melamid erases the line between the classical and the marginal art, just as Francois Millet did in his time. The article succeeded in updating sociocultural issues with the help of contextual comparison with portraiture by Diego Velazquez and contemporary American artist Kehinde Wiley whose creative life has deeply integrated into the socio-political realities of the United States of the beginning of the 21st century and the African-American cultural tradition. Kehinde Wiley is known for his realistic large-scale portrayals of African-Americans in poses borrowed from works of classical European painting of the 17-19th centuries. The artist openly propagandizes, deliberately emphasizing the didactic function of his paintings. It is in the context of contemporaries’ works and the political situation in the USA of the 2000-2010s that Alexander Melamid’s work should be considered.

scholarly journals An Austrian in Hollywood: the representation of foreigners in the films of Billy Wilder

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delia Chiaro ◽  
Giuseppe De Bonis
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Billy Wilder ◽  
The Usa ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Gaining Insight ◽  
The Way

This paper examines the work of Billy Wilder whose rich cinematic production frequently involves the collision of different languages as well as the clash of dissimilar cultures. As an Austrian living in the USA, the director had the privilege of gaining insight into his adopted culture from the point of view of an outsider – a bilingual ‘other’ who made 25 films in almost 40 years of working in Hollywood. His films recurrently depict foreign characters at which Wilder pokes fun whether they are English, French, German, Italian, Russian or even the Americans of his adopted country. More precisely, the paper offers an overview of the multi-modal portrayals of diverse ‘foreigners’, namely Germans, Russians, French and Italians, with examples taken from a small but significant sample of Wilder’s films. The subtitling of dialogue in the secondary language for the target English-speaking audience and the specific translation solutions are not within the scope of this discussion, instead we focus on the comic collision of two languages and more importantly, on the way Wilder implements humour to highlight the absurdity of cultural difference. In other words, our main goal is to explore two or more languages in contrast when they become a humorous trope.

scholarly journals Interview to the Journal Concept: philosophy, religion, culture. Interviewed by M. A. Khalil

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 200-210
Author(s):  
A. V. Smirnov ◽  
Mona A. Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Thought Style ◽  
Institutional Authority ◽  
Intercultural Communications ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Cognitive Unconscious ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

This paper is an interview with Andrey V. Smirnov, Director of the Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences. The interview was dedicated to the broad set of issues that can all be characterized as relative to the umbrella topic of cultural patterns, the indispensability of cultural difference between nations and civilizations and the roots of such phenomena. Expressing the idea of specific mindsets and inherent value orientations, Andrey V. Smirnov adheres to the theoretical approach designed to underline these elements. The panhuman (vsechelovecheskoye) serves for these ends as well as the collective cognitive unconscious. The visions of panhuman oppose to the universalist paradigm (obshechelovecheskoye) and express concern about the drawbacks of cultural unification. Each culture shares one of these two approaches to a certain extent, and the viability of such cultures can be accessed with the view to the interests, goals and projects such cultures or nations nurture. All such phenomena stem from collective cognitive unconscious. Language as its signifier illustrates innate logical structures that also vary: while, for instance, the Arab thought runs on process-based logic that focuses on actions, European one represents substantial logic — that of the existential feeling. In this way all intercultural communication should take others’ visions and adopt to them, which is important not only for translators and interpreters, but also in the political sphere. Advocates of globalism and supranationalism are driven by ideas generated in the West and remain ignorant of the practices that are actually relevant in localities other than the USA or Western Europe. Many examples can be found in the societal shifts that Russia faces. The seemingly non-alternative modernisationalist initiatives that fall within the universalist liberal model are inadequate for the thought style and the corresponding institutional, authority and educational system. The most obvious examples of this deal with the digital sphere, but the cyber transformations as such are not imposing the universalist vision. Rather, it is the underlying culturally-rooted effects of the leverage the United States as the IT leader have and make use of. The questions on how these intercultural communications function now, what form should they take and the very transformations that burden self-sufficient cultures should be analyzed by philosophers. The realities of modern civilizations suggest that those who are set aside in the periphery raise voices and realize national subjectivity.

scholarly journals The british-american direction in the strategy of the Third International in 1941-1943 (on the materials of the «diary» of Georgi Dimitrov)

2019 ◽  
pp. 92-102
Author(s):  
Ihor Rymar
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
State Archive ◽  
The Third ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Soviet Foreign Policy ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Resistance Movement ◽  
National Governments

On the basis of diary entries of the Secretary General of the Third International G. Dimitrov, documents of the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History, and documents of Soviet foreign policy, the author analyzes the characteristic features of the discursive model of the strategy and tactics of the Third International in 1941-1943, especially its activities in the field of propaganda regarding the Communist Party of the USA and the Communist Party of Great Britain during the first period of the German-Soviet war of 1941-1945 and in the process of the formation of the Anti-Hitler coalition. The role of the CPUSA and CPGB in the process of consolidating democratic forces in the struggle against Germany and its allies, the features of their activities in the framework of the discursive model of the Third International of 1941-1943, are characterized. The place and significance of the CPUSA and CPGB in the context of the Comintern’s strategy of providing comprehensive assistance to the USSR in the war with Germany, the deployment of the partisan movement and the Resistance movement in occupied countries, and the establishment of relations with the governments of F. Roosevelt and W. Churchill for a quick end to the war. In the course of the study, the main areas of activity of the American and British Communist Parties, the preservation of distance in cooperation with national governments and especially the intelligence and counterintelligence bodies of the Allies during 1941-1943, were established. A separate place in G. Dimitrov’s recordings is occupied by the problem of opening a second front in Europe in 1942 and propaganda issues related, first of all, to the signing of the British-Soviet and American-Soviet agreements, the problems of their coverage in newspapers and on the radio.

The construct of information privacy concerns in the Chinese cultural setting

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaogang Chen ◽  
Yuhui Zhang ◽  
Xiaogang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Information Privacy ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Mixed Method Research ◽  
Chinese Consumers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
The Usa

Purpose The significant cultural difference between China and Western countries, primarily the USA, suggests that it is necessary for researchers to take an emic approach to understand how the concept of privacy concerns is interpreted from the perspective of people from within the Chinese culture. However, all privacy concerns studies in the Chinese context have virtually adopted an etic approach. Therefore, this study aims to answer the following questions: What dimensions do privacy concerns encompass in the Chinese cultural context? What are the structural relationships among these dimensions? The authors answer these questions by conducting a mixed method research. Design/methodology/approach The authors first content analyzed Chinese news reports about information privacy and found that trading, management and awareness are relevant dimensions of privacy concerns. Further, the authors validated the three dimensions by surveying 185 Chinese consumers. Findings The data showed that Chinese consumers’ privacy concerns have a second-order factor structure, where the trading, management and awareness dimensions are first-order factors. Originality/value The results of this research contribute to the literature by developing the construct of privacy concerns that fits the context of Chinese culture and also point out possible managerial practices to mitigate Chinese consumers’ privacy concerns.

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