A type of nominal syntagm in modern Aramaic dialects

1965 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-232
Author(s):  
Konstantin Tsereteli
Keyword(s):  
The One ◽  
Special Notice ◽  
Genitive Case ◽  
Aramaic Dialects

Of the nominal syntagms in modern Aramaic, the one in which one substantive is determined by another substantive is deserving of special notice. This kind of syntagm may be classified as follows: (1)a substantive determinedby another substantive in the genitive case; (2)a substantive determined byanother substantive with a relative particle; (3)a substantive determined by a possessive pronominal suffix and a relative particle with another substantive; (4)a substantive determined by another substantive with the aid of a pronominalsuffix; (5)a substantive determined by another substantive without recourse todot; any morphological element whatsoever.

scholarly journals Reviving the genitive. Prescription and practice in the Netherlands (1770–1840)

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Krogull ◽  
Gijsbert Rutten
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Extreme Case ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
National Language ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
Historical Sociolinguistics ◽  
The One ◽  
Genitive Case

AbstractHistorical metalinguistic discourse is known to often prescribe linguistic variants that are not very frequent in actual language use, and to proscribe frequent variants. Infrequent variants that are promoted through prescription can be innovations, but they can also be conservative forms that have already largely vanished from the spoken language and are now also disappearing in writing. An extreme case in point is the genitive case in Dutch. This has been in decline in usage from at least the thirteenth century onwards, gradually giving way to analytical alternatives such as prepositional phrases. In the grammatical tradition, however, a preference for the genitive case was maintained for centuries. When ‘standard’ Dutch is officially codified in 1805 in the context of a national language policy, the genitive case is again strongly preferred, still aiming to ‘revive’ the synthetic forms. The striking discrepancy between metalinguistic discourse on the one hand, and developments in language use on the other, make the genitive case in Dutch an interesting case for historical sociolinguistics. In this paper, we tackle various issues raised by the research literature, such as the importance of genre differences as well as variation within particular genres, through a detailed corpus-based analysis of the influence of prescription on language practices in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Dutch.

Traitement du Cas Génitif dans Une Classification des Phrases à Compléments Figés du Grec Moderne

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aggeliki Fotopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Prepositional Phrase ◽  
First Case ◽  
Base Form ◽  
Equivalent Structure ◽  
Syntactic Status ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The One ◽  
Genitive Case

In this article we have stressed the treatment of the genitive case for a syntactic classification of sentences containing frozen complements: the genitive presents a problem to the extent that several syntactic functions can be assigned to it. Thus, on the one hand we examine sentences whose complement in the genitive is frozen and, on the other hand, we examine frozen sentences whose genitive complement is free. In the first case, we use three tests to determine the syntactic status of the genitive in question: (i) the alternation of the genitive complement with a prepositional phrase; (ii) a comparison with free sentences having an equivalent structure; (iii) the paraphrase of the genitive complement by an adverbial, which is frequently prepositional. In the second case, when the base form is N0 V C (accus) N (gén), we have made use of such properties as the following: (i) the pronominalisation in the form of a Ppv, (ii) the pronominalisation in the form of a Poss, (iii) the alternation of the genitive with a prepositional phrase (à N (accus)), which brings out distinct structures quite clearly. In this way, taking syntactic criteria into account for the analysis of (free or frozen) genitive forms allows us to set up classes that are more homogeneous from the point of view of their syntax. We have also been able to observe that cases, as morphological markers, play no essential role in the criteria that constitute the basis of our classification.

scholarly journals The functioning of a noun in German language (case category)

Neophilology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 270-275
Author(s):  
Natalia B. Ershova
Keyword(s):  
Auxiliary Function ◽  
German Language ◽  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Sentence Meaning ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
Case System ◽  
The One ◽  
Genitive Case

The purpose of the research is to study the variety of functions performed by a noun in the modern German language. We consider the noun grammatical categories, determine the place of the case grammatical category among the noun grammatical categories on the material of mod-ern German language. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that, when studying the case category, the genitive case is singled out from the case system, on the one hand, as disappearing, on the oth-er, as a marker of the syntactic functions of a noun. We define the role of the article, to which many foreign and domestic linguists attribute an auxiliary function along with a noun, calling it the accompanying noun. As a result of the study, we identify the features of a noun functioning in German language, determine the cases functions, and indicate the reasons for the displacement of the genitive case from the case system of the German language and the defining role of the article in the formation of a sentence meaning.

scholarly journals Mid-toned and high-toned elements in Yoruba

2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-149
Author(s):  
Oladiipo Ajiboye
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Role ◽  
Case Assignment ◽  
Case Alternation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Domain I ◽  
Genitive Case

This paper examines three M-toned and three H-toned elements in Yoruba. On the one hand are the mid-toned mora (MT/-l), the mid-toned ni and the mid-toned ti. On the other hand are the H-toned mora (HT/-l), the H-toned nl and the H-toned 6. I propose that the parallels between these elements are syntactically and semantically conditioned. Every occurrence of a M-toned element shows agreement in the nominal domain whereas every occurrence of a H-toned element shows agreement in the verbal or extended verbal domain. I show that the pairs converge in their semantic role as case assigners. In particular, I claim that genitive Case assignment is carried out by the MT/-l or ti. I treat this as an instance of Case alternation. I further propose that when the two jointly assign genitive Case to the possessor, this is an instance of Case stacking.

THE DEGREE OF DESCRIPTION NOMINALITY IN ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN TEXTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 235-246
Author(s):  
Sergey Andreyev
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Data Base ◽  
The Other ◽  
Women Authors ◽  
Statistical Measures ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Attribute Type ◽  
Genitive Case

The article studies the degree of description nominality in fiction based on the usage of the two most frequent attributes: adjectival and nominal ones. The former are adnominals, expressed by adjectives or adjectival phrases (adjectives with dependent words), the latter are of-N constructions (in English texts) and genitive case of nouns (in Russian texts). The data-base includes extracts from highly popular English and Russian women authors: R. Galbraith, S. Kinsella, A. Marinina and T. Ustinova.The research is based on a quantitative analysis of data with the use of a number of statistical measures. The Busemann coefficient is used to study the relationship of adjectival and nominal attributes and the power function is necessary for fitting the distribution of distances of attributes counted within separate sentences.The analysis has demonstrated that the frequency of adjectival attributes as expected exceeds that of nominal attributes. However, the relationship of these types of attributes is highly different for the abovementioned authors. The results have proved that there is no difference in the proportion of these two attribute types between English and Russian texts whereas this feature distinguishes the styles of R.Galbraith and A. Marinina on the one hand, and S. Kinsella and T. Ustinova on the other hand.The research of the distance dynamics of the two given attributes from the beginning to the end of the works has shown big differences in the style of the authors, too. In a number of cases the tendency for compensation is observed while a drop in the frequency of one attribute type correlates with the rise in frequency of the other one.

scholarly journals Does the Genitive Operate in the Hungarian Case System?: II. The Ø-/nak-/nek-Genitive

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-40
Author(s):  
Robert Bielecki
Keyword(s):  
Title I ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Case System ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Hungarian Case ◽  
General Linguistics ◽  
The One ◽  
Case Markers ◽  
Syntactic Properties ◽  
Genitive Case

Does the Genitive Operate in the Hungarian Case System?: II. The Ø-/nak-/nek-GenitiveThe present paper should be regarded as a direct continuation of the articleDoes the Genitive Operate in the Hungarian Case System? I. The é-Genitive. The core of the adopted approach represents the standpoint that present-day Hungarian cannot be conceived as a language exempt from any case syncretism. The possibility of distinguishing different case categories relevant for this language by referring only to the form of their markers (endings) is illusory. What is more, it creates a space where some phenomena remain imperceptible. The postulated attributive genitive category can be distinguished not only on the basis of its syntactic properties. The manifestations of this case also differ substantially from the manifestations of other recognized cases. It is difficult to regard the attributive genitive in Hungarian as syncretic with nominative or dative in the sense known in general linguistics, because the appropriate markers turn out to be insufficient in semifying (marking grammatically) the required meaning. They must be complemented by other markers attached to the head of the attributive syntagm (a diák/Økönyv/e, a diák/naka könyv/e‘the student's book’). The properties of the distribution of the Hungarian attributive genitive with its two main manifestations (the endingless one:a diák könyve, and with ending:a diáknak a könyve) can be regarded as a contribution to the general theory of syntax; the genitive attributes of different grades are marked there substantially (a diák/Ø(III) könyv/e(II) cím/é/nek(I) a fordítás/a‘the translation of the title (I) of the book (II) of the student (III)’) and not only by their linear order as in many Indo-European and Finno-Ugric languages. When the word fulfilling the attributive function belongs to the category of personal pronoun, concord can be identified between it and its head in person and number (azénkönyv/em‘my book, the book of mine’). The factual elision of personal pronouns resulting from their redundancy in this context gives no grounds to state that morphemes like -emina könyv/emdo not fulfil any syntagmatic function. Such an utterance constitutes a discrepancy with the analogous behaviour of personal pronouns in relation to finite verbal forms (olvas/ok‘I read’ →olvas/ok‘(I) read’) where no-one speaks of the irrelevancy of the personal endings in reference to their syntagmatic function. The necessity of distinguishing of socalled "marks" (here "possessor marks") is being questioned here; those morphemes are not deprived of fulfilling the syntagmatic function ascribed traditionally to the case endings in the case of nominal flexion. They are regarded here as parts of the discontinuative (genitive) case markers. The specific features of the Hungarian genitive include its sharp division into two subcategories: (i) theé-genitive and (ii) theØ-/nak-/nek-genitive. Their complementary distribution, together with other discussed properties, additionally corroborates the relevance of distinguishing for them a common upper morphosyntactic category called the genitive case. And finally, Hungarian turns out to be a language where the accumulation of multiple case meanings, all being manifested substantially within the boundaries of one word, can be attested (a diák/om/é/é/t‘the one of the one of my student’).

Note on Selection of Coordinate Systems for Geodynamics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 395-407
Author(s):  
S. Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The One ◽  
Static Systems ◽  
Selection Of

The first question to be answered, in seeking coordinate systems for geodynamics, is: what is geodynamics? The answer is, of course, that geodynamics is that part of geophysics which is concerned with movements of the Earth, as opposed to geostatics which is the physics of the stationary Earth. But as far as we know, there is no stationary Earth – epur sic monere. So geodynamics is actually coextensive with geophysics, and coordinate systems suitable for the one should be suitable for the other. At the present time, there are not many coordinate systems, if any, that can be identified with a static Earth. Certainly the only coordinate of aeronomic (atmospheric) interest is the height, and this is usually either as geodynamic height or as pressure. In oceanology, the most important coordinate is depth, and this, like heights in the atmosphere, is expressed as metric depth from mean sea level, as geodynamic depth, or as pressure. Only for the earth do we find “static” systems in use, ana even here there is real question as to whether the systems are dynamic or static. So it would seem that our answer to the question, of what kind, of coordinate systems are we seeking, must be that we are looking for the same systems as are used in geophysics, and these systems are dynamic in nature already – that is, their definition involvestime.

Nucleation of Disorder in Fe3Al Alloys

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 312-313
Author(s):  
P. R. Swann ◽  
W. R. Duff ◽  
R. M. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Antiphase Domain ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Domain Structures ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Domain Boundaries ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
The One

Recently we have investigated the phase equilibria and antiphase domain structures of Fe-Al alloys containing from 18 to 50 at.% Al by transmission electron microscopy and Mössbauer techniques. This study has revealed that none of the published phase diagrams are correct, although the one proposed by Rimlinger agrees most closely with our results to be published separately. In this paper observations by transmission electron microscopy relating to the nucleation of disorder in Fe-24% Al will be described. Figure 1 shows the structure after heating this alloy to 776.6°C and quenching. The white areas are B2 micro-domains corresponding to regions of disorder which form at the annealing temperature and re-order during the quench. By examining specimens heated in a temperature gradient of 2°C/cm it is possible to determine the effect of temperature on the disordering reaction very precisely. It was found that disorder begins at existing antiphase domain boundaries but that at a slightly higher temperature (1°C) it also occurs by homogeneous nucleation within the domains. A small (∼ .01°C) further increase in temperature caused these micro-domains to completely fill the specimen.

Fundamental Research into Thin Films in a Developing Country

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 500-501
Author(s):  
J.A. Eades ◽  
E. Grünbaum
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Empirical Process ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Film Research ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Controlled Deposition ◽  
The One ◽  
The University

In the last decade and a half, thin film research, particularly research into problems associated with epitaxy, has developed from a simple empirical process of determining the conditions for epitaxy into a complex analytical and experimental study of the nucleation and growth process on the one hand and a technology of very great importance on the other. During this period the thin films group of the University of Chile has studied the epitaxy of metals on metal and insulating substrates. The development of the group, one of the first research groups in physics to be established in the country, has parallelled the increasing complexity of the field.The elaborate techniques and equipment now needed for research into thin films may be illustrated by considering the plant and facilities of this group as characteristic of a good system for the controlled deposition and study of thin films.

STM studies of crystal growth

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 374-375
Author(s):  
M. G. Lagally
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Molecular Beam ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Sputter Deposition ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Wide Field Of View ◽  
The One

It has been recognized since the earliest days of crystal growth that kinetic processes of all Kinds control the nature of the growth. As the technology of crystal growth has become ever more refined, with the advent of such atomistic processes as molecular beam epitaxy, chemical vapor deposition, sputter deposition, and plasma enhanced techniques for the creation of “crystals” as little as one or a few atomic layers thick, multilayer structures, and novel materials combinations, the need to understand the mechanisms controlling the growth process is becoming more critical. Unfortunately, available techniques have not lent themselves well to obtaining a truly microscopic picture of such processes. Because of its atomic resolution on the one hand, and the achievable wide field of view on the other (of the order of micrometers) scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) gives us this opportunity. In this talk, we briefly review the types of growth kinetics measurements that can be made using STM. The use of STM for studies of kinetics is one of the more recent applications of what is itself still a very young field.

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