Range Forage Production and Consumption Following Aerial Spraying of Mixed Brush

Weed Science ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Scifres ◽  
G.P. Durham ◽  
J.L. Mutz
Keyword(s):  
South Texas ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Direct Function ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
The Third ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Brush Control

Production of native grasses following aerial application of 1.12 kg/ha of 2.4.5-T ((2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid), 2,4,5-T + dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid), or 2,4,5-T + picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) (1:) to a south Texas mixed-brush (Prosopis-Acacia) community was significantly increased by all herbicide treatments the year of application, by the herbicide combinations during the second year, but only by 2,4,5-T + picloram the third year after treatment. Moisture-use efficiency based on kg/ha native grass produced/cm precipitation was greastest where the herbicide combinations were applied. Defoliation of woody plants in years of above-average rainfall resulted in favorable grass production responses regardless of herbicide(s). However, range improvement over the 3-yr of study was dependent on maintenance of herbicide effectiveness, especially control of underbrush which resulted only where 2,4,5-T + picloram were applied. Consumption of native grass was a direct function of availability in response to brush control as augmented by rainfall. Forb production was reduced by all herbicides the year of treatment and by 2,4,5-T + picloram the year following application, but was not reduced by any treatment during the third growing season.

Bonding Social Capital, Afghan Refugees, and Early Access to Employment

2021 ◽  
pp. 019791832110002
Author(s):  
Matteo Vergani ◽  
Ihsan Yilmaz ◽  
Greg Barton ◽  
James Barry ◽  
Galib Bashirov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Bonding Social Capital ◽  
Afghan Refugees ◽  
Employment Success ◽  
The Third ◽  
Early Access ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Impact

This IMR Research Note examines the impact of the level of bonding social capital on access to employment among newly arrived Afghan refugees in Victoria (Australia). Based on a mixed-methods analysis of biographical interviews with 80 Afghan refugees, it examines their use of social capital, year by year, during the first three years after their arrival. Our analysis shows that higher levels of bonding social capital are associated with greater success in finding employment during the first and second year of settlement. In the third year, however, bonding social capital for Afghan refugees in Victoria is no longer a significant predictor of employment. This Research Note helps clarify inconsistent findings in the literature on the effects of social capital on obtaining employment by suggesting that bonding social capital’s impact on refugee employment success changes significantly across the first three years after arrival. This finding has important implications for migration policy and the prioritization of resources toward services for newly arrived refugees.

scholarly journals AB0751 SAFETY AND PERSISTENCE OF USTEKINUMAB IN PATIENTS WITH PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS IN BIOBADASER

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1672.2-1672
Author(s):  
N. Busquets-Pérez ◽  
C. Sánchez-Piedra ◽  
P. Vela-Casasempere ◽  
M. Freire-Gonzalez ◽  
C. Bohórquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
First Year ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
Minimal Disease Activity ◽  
First Line ◽  
The Third ◽  
Minimal Disease ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Third Line

Background:Ustekinumab has been efficacy and safety for psoriatic artritis in clinical trials.Objectives:To assess effectiveness, by means of drug persistence analisys, and safety of ustekinumab in patients with psoriastic arthritis in Biobadaser.Methods:BIOBADASER is the Spanish registry of biological drugs of the Spanish Society of Rheumatology and the Spanish Medicines Agency. We identified patients aged 18 years or more with psoriatic arthritis on Ustekinumab. A descriptive analysis was performed.The persistence of ustekinumab therapy was calculated with a Kaplan-Meier curve and was compared with the persistence of anti-TNF, according to line treatment. Log Rank test was used to establish a comparison. Adverse events occurring with ustekinumab are described according to year treatment.Results:One hundred and twelve patients were on ustekinumab. Most of them were on their second or third line treatment: 53.57% more than one biological therapy (BT), 19.64% second BT, 26.79% were naïve for BT. Most of them were on 45 mg dose: 88.24%. Median duration of disease at Ustekinumab initiation was 10.1 SD 7.2 years; 69.23% had peripheral arthritis; 45.24% had obesity and 39.29% were overweight; 40,6% were on prednisone and 59.82% on DMARD. The cause of discontinuation of treatment was mainly inefficacy (82.61%) and less common an adverse event (6.52%). The probability of persistence of treatment with ustekinumab was 0.83 (95% CI 0.63-0.92) at year 1, 0.79 (0.58-0.90) at year 2 and 0.79 (0.58-0.9) at year 3 when ustekinumab was prescribed as the first line treatment. The persistence decrease when ustekinumab was prescribe as a second and third treatment: being 0.53 (0.27-0.73) the first year, 0.46 (0.22-0.67) the second year and 0.46 (0.22-0.67) as a second line treatment and 0.58 (0.44-0.70) the first year, 0.33 (0.17-0.50) the second year and 0.33 (0.17-0.50) the third year as a third line treatment.The persistence was similar to anti-TNF treatment, according to line treatment. Adverse events were mainly mild (97.83%) and occurred the first year of treatment. Most of the adverse events were classified as “infections and infestations” (36.96%).Conclusion:The persistence of ustekinumab was high, being 83% at the end of the first year on treatment and 79% the second and the third year of treatment. The persistence of ustekinumab was higher when if it was the first line treatment compared as if it was used as the second o third BT option. The persistence of Ustekinumab is similar to the persistence of anti-TNF treatments in all the analyzed treatment lines (no statistically differences were found). Adverse events occurred mainly during the first year treatment. They were mainly mild adverse events and the frequency decreased within the second and third year of treatment.References:[1]Treatment with ustekinumab in a Spanish cohort of patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in daily clinical practice.Almirall M, Rodriguez J, Mateo L, Carrascosa JM, Notario J, Gallardo F. Clin Rheumatol. 2017 Feb;36(2):439-443;[2]Minimal disease activity in patients with psoriatic arthritis treated with ustekinumab: results from a 24-week real-world study.Napolitano M, Costa L, Caso F, Megna M, Scarpa R, Balato N, Ayala F, Balato A. J Clin Rheumatol. 2018 Oct;24(7):381-384;[3]Minimal Disease Activity and Patient-Acceptable Symptom State in Psoriatic Arthritis: A Real-World Evidence Study With Ustekinumab.Queiro R, Brandy A, Rosado MC, Lorenzo A, Coto P, Carriles C, Alperi M, Ballina J. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2018 Jun 28;[4]An analysis of Drug Survival, Effectiveness, and Safety in Moderate to Severe Psoriasis Treated With Ustekinumab: An Observational Study of 69 Patients in Routine Clinical Practice.Salgüero Fernández I, Gil MH, Sanz MS, Gullón GR;Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Limestone and phosphorus application and forage production in natural pastures with sodseeding of cool-season species

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 3681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Eduardo Prestes ◽  
Cassandro Vidal Talamini do Amarante ◽  
Cassiano Eduardo Pinto ◽  
Gabriel Avila Prestes ◽  
Guilherme Doneda Zanini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Phosphorus Application

Natural pastures are important ecosystems that both contribute to biodiversity conservation and provide an important source of income, especially for cattle ranchers. While these pastures yield fairly low productivity, they can be improved by increasing soil fertility and introducing species with high productive potentials. In this sense, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of applying limestone and phosphorus, as well as introducing cool-season species with a mixture of species dominated by Schizachyrium tenerum Nees, into a natural pasture in the Catarinense Plateau. The experiment was conducted from January 2010 to December 2013; the treatments consisted of superficial distribution of limestone in proportions of 3.6, 7.2, 11.0, and 14.4 t ha-1, as well as distribution of phosphorus in the form of triple superphosphate in proportions of 35, 70, 105, and 140 kg of P2O5 ha-1. In addition, cool-season species were overseeded. The experiment consisted of a randomized block design with subdivided plots and three replications. Limestone was applied to the main parcel, whereas phosphorus was applied to the subplots. There was no interaction between the levels of limestone and phosphorus. The application of 11.0 t ha-1 of limestone yielded the highest forage production, with 3,932.2 kg of dry matter (DM) ha-1 during the second year. Red clover was the species that best reacted to the additions, with levels of 7.2 and 11.0 t ha-1 over the 4 years. In addition, phosphorus provoked a positive response throughout the experiment. The highest forage production was observed during the second year, with an addition of 140 kg P2O5 ha-1 (4,419.4 kg DM ha-1). Only one-eighth of the recommended amount of limestone (3.6 t ha-1) allowed for the establishment and persistence of the legumes introduced into natural pastures. These additions, associated with increasing levels of phosphorus, yielded linear growth in the production of forage in natural pastures with a mixture of species dominated by Schizachyrium tenerum Nees.

scholarly journals Efficiency of water use and nitrogen for goat milk production in irrigated pasture to different management

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 1374-1380
Author(s):  
A.C.R. Cavalcante ◽  
P.M. Santos ◽  
J.A.A. C. Júnior ◽  
M.J.D. Cândido ◽  
N.L.S. Lemos
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Nitrogen Efficiency ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Use Efficiency

ABSTRACT The aim was to determine the efficiency of use of water and nitrogen for forage production and goat-milk production on an irrigated Tanzania Guineagrass (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia) pasture subjected to different management practices. The management levels tested were combinations among nitrogen fertilization levels and post-grazing residual heights (ResH): Intensive (ResH = 33.0cm and 600.0kg N/ha.year-1); Moderate (ResH = 47.0cm and 300.0kg N/ha.year-1); Light (ResH = 47cm and 0kg N/ha.year-1); and Conventional (ResH = 33cm and 0kg N/ha year-1). The efficiency of water use for forage production was higher in intensive and Moderate management. The Conventional management was recommended only for forage production since there is no nitrogen input available because this result was similar to Intensive management in water efficiency. The efficiency of water use to produce goat milk was higher in Intensive management. Moderate management presented higher efficiency of nitrogen to produce forage. On the other hand, Intensive management was more efficient using nitrogen in goat milk production. The amount of water needed to produce one liter of goat milk varied from 893.20 to 3,933.50L. In the moderate management, up to 121.48kg forage and 21.56kg of milk were produced for every kilogram of N utilized. Intensive management is advantageous for water use efficiency as well nitrogen efficiency to produce goat milk in cultivated pasture.

scholarly journals The Production and Consumption of Cultural Villages in South Africa: A Decolonial Epistemic Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan Ndlovu
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Third World ◽  
The Third ◽  
The People ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Tourism Studies ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Epistemic Perspective

While many of the peoples who exist in the ‘spatio-temporal’ construct known as the postcolonial world today are convinced that they have succeeded – through anticolonial and anti-imperial struggles – to defeat colonial domination, the majority of the people of the same part of the world have not yet reaped the freedoms which they aimed to achieve. The question that emerges out of the failure to realise the objectives of anti-colonial and anti-imperial struggles by the people of the Third World after a number of years of absence of juridical-administrative colonial and apartheid systems is to what extent did the people who sought to dethrone colonial domination understand the complexity of the colonial system? And to what end did the ability and/or inability to master the complexity of the colonial system affect the process of decolonization? Through the case study of the production and consumption of cultural villages in South Africa, this article deploys a de-colonial epistemic perspective to reveal, within the context of tourism studies, the complexity of the colonial system and why a truly decolonized postcolonial world has so far eluded the people of the developing world.

scholarly journals ANÁLISIS DEL CRECIMIENTO Y LA MORTALIDAD DE ANISOTREMUS INTERRUPTUS (GILL) (PERCIFORMES: HAEMULIDAE) EN LA COSTA DE COLIMA, MÉXICO

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Espino Barr ◽  
Manuel Gallardo Cabello ◽  
Fernando González Orozco ◽  
Arturo Garcia Boa
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Third ◽  
Second Year ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Mortality Analysis

This paper deals with the growth and mortality analysis of the burrito grunt A n i s o t remus interru p t u s on the coast of Colima, México. The estimated growth parameters are: L¥ = 50.59 cm; W¥ = 5,051.04 g; k = 0.147 years- 1; to = -0.916 years; A0 . 9 5 = 19.46 years. Most of the growth occurred during the first year of life, when the grunt grows 12.52 cm, the second year it grows 4.95 cm and the third, 4.60 cm. The highest value of the condition index took place between February and September. The total mortality rate (Z) was calculated as 0.53 years- 1. These values are basic for the plan of administration of the fishery of this species.

scholarly journals Production of grazed tropical grasses in different agroecosystems in Puerto Rico. III. Semiarid

1969 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-219
Author(s):  
Luis E. Tergas ◽  
Jaime Vélez-Santiago ◽  
Angel V. Méndez-cruz
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
First Year ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis

A field experiment was conducted at the Lajas Experiment Substation in the semiarid region of Puerto Rico to evaluate the production and persistence of 8 tropical grasses, Cynodon nlemfuensis Star, C. dactylon Coastcross-1, C. plectostachyus Star, Panicum maximum USDA Pl291047, Makueni, Guinea and P. maximum USDA PI 259553, and the naturalized pasture Dichanthium annulatus pajon. Small plots were grazed at 3- to 5-week intervals for 2 years. P. maximum USDA PI 259553 and Makueni were highly productive in the semiarid,.region, as well as in previous experiments in humid regions in Puerto Rico. They are highly recommended for grazing trials. P. maximum Makueni and USDA PI 291047 were the most productive during the first year, although they were not significantly different (P=0.05) from P. maximum USDA PI 259553 and Common Guinea, and Cynodon plectyostachyus Star. The production of C. nlemluensis Star was similar to that of Dichanthium annulatus but higher than that of C. dactylon Coastcross-1 (P=0.05). The average production for all grasses declined at the beginning of the year, during the cool short days in February and March, 1983, without any significant difference (P=0.05) among species and cultivars. Production increased at the beginning of the rainy season, but it was low at the peak of the rainy season because of trampling in poorly aerated and compact soils. C. plectostachyus Star was the most productive grass during the second year of experiment, although it was not significantly different (P=0.05) from P. maximum USDA PI 291017 and 259553 and cultivar Makueni. The production of Common Guinea and that of D. annulatus were. similar and higher than that of C. nlemfuensis Star and C. dactylon Coastcross-1 (P=0.05), which did not persist at the end of the experiment. Forage production during the second year was lower than in the first year because of less rainfall in 1983. The mean CP content of all grasses varied from 11.29 to 14.05, except that of D. annulatus, which was only 9.73%. CP content was lower during the periods of maximum forage production.

Testing Integrated Management Strategies for Tall Buttercup (Ranunculus acris) in Irrigated Hayfield Meadows

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-392
Author(s):  
Hally K. Strevey ◽  
Jane M. Mangold
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategy ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Canadian Province ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Production Research ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Ranunculus Acris ◽  
Plot Design

AbstractTall buttercup is an invasive forb that has been reported in all but eight states and one Canadian province. The species has been of concern in Montana where it has invaded over 8,300 ha, and it has been particularly problematic in irrigated hayfield meadows that are used for forage production. This study sought to develop an integrated management strategy to control tall buttercup while maintaining forage production. Research was conducted over 2 yr at flood-irrigated and subirrigated hayfield meadows near Twin Bridges, MT. Treatments were randomly applied in a split-plot design with four replications at both sites. Herbicide treatments occurred at the whole-plot level: nonsprayed, aminopyralid (172 g ai ha−1), aminocyclopyrachlor + chlorsulfuron (83 g ai ha−1+ 33 g ai ha−1), and dicamba (981 g ai ha−1). Split plots consisted of mowing and fertilization (28 kg N ha−1). All herbicides provided up to 2 yr of tall buttercup control at both sites. In the second year, aminocyclopyrachlor + chlorsulfuron and aminopyralid reduced tall buttercup by 93% and 96%, respectively, for the subirrigated and flood-irrigated sites. At the subirrigated site, mowing reduced tall buttercup by 71%, and fertilization reduced it by 57%. Forage decreased following aminocyclopyrachlor + chlorsulfuron treatments. The integration of herbicide, mowing, and fertilization did not improve tall buttercup control.

Extraordinary Heterosis Found In A Forage Grass Hybrid, Festuca apennina × F. pratensis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beat Boller ◽  
David Kopecký
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Artificial Chromosome ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The Third ◽  
Specific Trait ◽  
Second Year

Abstract Background: Heterosis (or hybrid vigor) is the over-performance of a hybrid over its parents in a specific trait or a set of traits. As such, hybrid breeding serves as a tool to efficiently trigger gains in breeding programs. Moreover, hybrids of genetically distant landraces, varieties or even species may become evolutionary successful. In Swiss alpine swards, we observed frequent prevalence of triploid hybrids of Festuca pratensis × F. apennina with outstanding competitiveness relative to their parental species in the sites of sympatric occurrence. Results: Observations of these highly vigorous hybrids prompted the study on their heterosis across various environmental conditions. Phenotypic observations during three years at four locations at different altitudes (from 200 m a.s.l. to 1850 m a.s.l.) have shown significant heterosis for dry biomass production at all sites during the first and second year, and at the mid- and high altitude sites also in the third year. At mid-altitude (1000 m a.s.l.), heterosis increased steadily and reached a maximum of +508 % for annual yield (+626% for a single cut) in the third year. This is by far the highest value of heterosis ever reported for annual dry mass yield of a forage grass. Conclusions: Further utilization of triploid hybrids in forage grass breeding is hampered by their sterility hence a need for vegetative propagation. However, artificial chromosome doubling of triploids to create fertile hexaploids, or seeking ways to propagate them vegetatively at an industrial scale might overcome this limitation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document