4 Cultural Features

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 16-69
Author(s):  
Lewis R. Binford ◽  
Sally R. Binford ◽  
Robert Whallon ◽  
Margaret Ann Hardin
Keyword(s):  
The West ◽  
Social Unit ◽  
Temporal Differences ◽  
Field Season ◽  
Recovered Sample ◽  
Recovery Program ◽  
Cultural Features

It should be pointed out that, in general, cultural features are types of facilities representing a major investment of a social unit and as such are extremely important indicators of the nature of the activities conducted at a given location. For this reason we planned our recovery program so as to obtain as much information about cultural features as possible. The following analysis has been conducted with the aim of maximizing information on functional and temporal differences between the formal variants of the recovered sample.One of the most significant aspects of the 1963 field season in the Carlyle Reservoir was the discovery of a housetype previously unknown in the Middlewest. There were four such structures located in the southernmost end of the West Field of Hatchery site. They were “keyhole” in shape, and consisted of a round, semi-subterranean floor and an extension, subrectangular in shape, which angled off toward the east-southeast.A detailed description of the structures follows. The description will in turn be followed by a comparison between and an interpretation of the four structures. The order of description does not proceed on the basis of feature numbers or inferred chronology of occupancy. The descriptions follow the order of completeness of information, beginning with the structure about which the most data was obtained and ending with the least well known.

Our Most Troubling Madness

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Defeat ◽  
Social World ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
The West ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
The Social ◽  
Brain Alteration ◽  
Benign Course ◽  
Cultural Features ◽  
The Way

This book examines the way schizophrenia is shaped by its social context: how life is lived with this madness in different settings, and what it is about those settings that alters the course of the illness, its outcome, and even the structure of its symptoms. Until recently, schizophrenia was perhaps our best example—our poster child—for the “bio-bio-bio” model of psychiatric illness: genetic cause, brain alteration, pharmacologic treatment. We now have direct epidemiological evidence that people are more likely to fall ill with schizophrenia in some social settings than in others, and more likely to recover in some social settings than in others. Something about the social world gets under the skin. This book presents twelve case studies written by psychiatric anthropologists that help to illustrate some of the variability in the social experience of schizophrenia and that illustrate the main hypotheses about the different experience of schizophrenia in the west and outside the west--and in particular, why schizophrenia seems to have a more benign course and outcome in India. We argue that above all it is the experience of “social defeat” that increases the risk and burden of schizophrenia, and that opportunities for social defeat are more abundant in the modern west. There is a new role for anthropology in the science of schizophrenia. Psychiatric science has learned—epidemiologically, empirically, quantitatively—that our social world makes a difference. But the highly structured, specific-variable analytic methods of standard psychiatric science cannot tell us what it is about culture that has that impact. The careful observation enabled by rich ethnography allows us to see in more detail what kinds of social and cultural features may make a difference to a life lived with schizophrenia. And if we understand culture’s impact more deeply, we believe that we may improve the way we reach out to help those who struggle with our most troubling madness.

The Indian Invasion of Alexander and the Emergence of Hybrid Cultures

2021 ◽  
pp. 037698362110096
Author(s):  
Chandima S. M. Wickramasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Alexander The Great ◽  
Indian Culture ◽  
The West ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Achaemenid Empire ◽  
Return Home ◽  
Cultural Features

Alexander the Great usurped the Achaemenid Empire in 331 bc, captured Swat and Punjab in 327 bc, and subdued the region to the west of the Indus and fought with Porus at the Hydaspes in 326 bc. But he was forced to return home when the army refused to proceed. Some of his soldiers remained in India and its periphery while some joined Alexander in his homeward journey. When Alexander died in 323 bc his successors ( diodochoi) fought to divide the empire among themselves and established separate kingdoms. Though Alexander the Great and related matters were well expounded by scholars the hybrid communities that emerged or revived as a result of Alexander’s Indian invasions have attracted less or no attention. Accordingly, the present study intends to examine contribution of Alexander’s Indian invasion to the emergence of Greco-Indian hybrid communities in India and how Hellenic or Greek cultural features blended with the Indian culture through numismatic, epigraphic, architectural and any other archaeological evidence. This will also enable us to observe the hybridity that resulted from Alexander’s Indian invasion to understand the reception the Greeks received from the locals and the survival strategies of Greeks in these remote lands.

scholarly journals Evaporation Of Snow and Ice In Scharffenbergbotnen, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica

1990 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stig Jonsson ◽  
Per Holmlund
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ablation Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Dronning Maud Land ◽  
Field Season ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
North Western

Scharffenbergbotnen is a 3 × 6 km large basin of interior ice drainage on the north-western side of Heimefrontfjella in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. The elevation at the bottom of the depression is 1142 m a.s.l., while bedrock immediately to the south-east of this point rises to more than 2750 m. Ice enters the basin mainly from a low ice divide (1250 m a.s.l.) in the west but also through a 400 m high icefall in the east. Two separate blue-ice areas constitute approximately half the surface of the basin, while the other half is snow-covered. As part of SWEDARP (Swedish Antarctic Research Programme) 1988 a research project to study the origin and mass balance of this basin has been initiated. A net of 28 stakes has been established for studies of ablation and ice movement (Fig. 1). The ice thickness was measured by radio-echo sounding (Fig. 2) and particular care was devoted to get the correct ice depths at the entrance to the basin. The ice thickness along a central section of the basin varied from 1000 m in the west to 400 m at the bottom of the depression. In order to explain the ablation two automatic weather stations (Aanderaa 2700) were operated during the field season (mid-January to mid-February 1988). One was placed in the bottom of the depression, the other 13 km to the west in an area where a small net accumulation took place during the field season. The latter station should record “normal” weather. Sensors registering wind speed, wind gust, wind direction, incoming solar radiation, air temperature and relative humidity were installed at both weather stations, while reflected solar radiation, net radiation and air pressure were measured only at Scharffenbergbotnen. All sensors except the air pressure sensor were placed 270 cm above the ground, and all were read every 10 minutes. Ablation measurements were carried out between 16 January and 18 February on 24 of the stakes. 12 of these stakes were standing in snow. All but one recorded ablation and, as no signs of melting could be seen, all ablation must be due to evaporation and perhaps for the snowy areas some wind erosion. The average ablation rate for the whole field season was 0.7 mm w.eq. per day with a standard deviation of 0.3. Stakes in blue ice showed slightly higher values than those in snow. For January, when air temperatures always were above −10°C, the average ablation rate was 1.2 mm w.eq. per day. A regional difference in ablation rate across the depression was also measurable. Maximum ablation took place immediately below the arête forming the north-eastern boundary of the basin and diminished towards south-west. Below the arête the ablation rate was above 1 mm w.eq. per day for the whole field season and more than 2 mm w.eq. per day during January. A comparison of weather data between the two stations showed the following main differences. In the depression the temperature showed no daily variation and relative humidity varied between 40 and 60%. The weather at the other station was characterised by colder nights and weaker winds as well as by a relative humidity between 60 and 80%. The reason for the regional variation in ablation can be explained by almost constant easterly winds during January and the drop in altitude (between 300 and 500 m) along the north-western arête. On 11 February 1988 the weather station at Scharffenbergbotnen was converted into a system for satellite (Argos) transmission of weather data to Europe. The transmission seems to have been successful but the data are not yet processed. At present (January 1989) one of us is remeasuring the stakes (ablation and ice movement) during SWEDARP 1989. Preliminary results sent by radio point towards a yearly net ablation rate of 120 mm w.eq. for the blue-ice area in the bottom of the depression. 25% of the ablation took place during the field season 1988, but 75% has evaporated between 18 February 1988 and mid-January 1989. Probably most of the evaporation took place during December 1988 and January 1989, which means a very high daily evaporation rate (2.5 mm w.eq. per day).

scholarly journals The Women's Cultural and Social Society (WCSS) : Its role in shaping women's political participation in Kuwait (1963-2010)

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Marzouqah Q. Alazmi
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
The West ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Primary Documents ◽  
Feminist Organization ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Cultural Features ◽  
Women's Political Participation

Feminism and women's rights movements are often seen as concepts and activities that originated within the West. As it is important to examine sociological concepts where they occur, this study reviews these concepts within a particular culture and social context: that of the Kuwaiti society. Specific sociological and cultural features, which are important in shaping the petition for political participation of women in Kuwait are identified and examined. The focus of this dissertation is to understand the role and impact of one organization, the Women's Cultural and Social Society (WCSS), in the struggle to bring about women's political participation in Kuwait. The main strategies and methods used by the WCSS between 1960 and 2010 are emphasized. Data sources include interviews with members and leaders of the WCSS, members of the general population primary documents along with secondary (historical) documents and observations of activities organized by the WCSS. The findings of the study are: the WCSS is perceived as a liberal feminist organization in Kuwait and has an orientation that is quite different from that of the more conservative Islamist or Tribalist associations. The study also identified the various strategies and methods used by the WCSS in its drive to obtain political participation for women. Its strategies and methods changed over time due to specific social and political events occurring in the country. Finally, WCSS members and leaders felt the organization did have a significant impact over the period under discussion, but members of the general population felt that the organization had minimum impact.

scholarly journals Project SUPRASYD 1994 - Ketilidian supracrustal rocks in South-East Greenland and gold- bearing shear zones in the Julianehåb batholith

1995 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
A.A Garde ◽  
H.K Schønwandt
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Shear Zones ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Orogenic Belt ◽  
The West ◽  
East Greenland ◽  
Mineral Potential ◽  
Lower Proterozoic ◽  
Field Season ◽  
Gold Bearing

The SUPRASYD project is a reassessment of the geo­tectonic setting and mineral potential of the Lower Proterozoic Ketilidian orogenic belt in southern Greenland (previously described by Allaart, 1976 and Kalsbeek et al., 1990), and in particular its supracrustal rocks. During the first field season in 1992 a geological and geochemical reconnaissance programme was carried out in South-East Greenland between approximately latitudes 60° to 62° N, mainly in areas with supracrustal rocks (Steenfelt et al., 1992; Nielsen et al., 1993; Chadwick et al., 1994a). The second season in 1993 focused on the southern part of the Julianehab batholith on the west coast of South Greenland, as well as on shear zones with spatially associated gold mineralisation (Garde & Schonwandt, 1994; Chadwick et al., 1994b; Stendal et al., in press). Field work from the early 1960s was re-evaluated and supplemented with new mapping with the aim of compilation of the 1: 100 000 scale map sheet 60 V.3, Sondre Sermilik.

scholarly journals The Effects of Fire on Virgin Northern Mixed Grassland at Custer National Moument

1984 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 19-20
Author(s):  
Jane Bock
Keyword(s):  
Control Plot ◽  
Grid System ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Indian Tribe ◽  
Four Corners ◽  
Field Season ◽  
Crow Indian ◽  
Summer Study ◽  
Indian Lands

The first field season of this work was completed on Labor Day, 1984. During this first summer, study plots were chosen on Custer Battlefield. Twenty of the plots were at scattered sites on the 1983 burn; five more plots, the controls, were placed on the unburned portion of the Monument. These plots all were located in relation to the NPS grid system which has been placed over the Monument grounds. From a coordinate permanent marker, twenty meters were measured to the north and to the west by means of a compass and metric tape. This accounted for three of the four corners of the 20 X 20m2 plots. The fourth corner was located subsequently. The coordinates for the plots on the burn are: N76-E24, N78-E19, N78-E18, N74-E28, N73-E28, N71-E28, N71-E26, N71-E25, N70-E22, N69-E20, N68-E21, N67-E23, N67-E23, N66-E25, N76-E18, N76-E20, N74-E22, N72-E21, N70-E19, N78-E27, and 15m west of soldier #153's marker. The control plot coordinates are: N80-E19, N80-E18, N67-E27, N66-E26, and N67-E28. Five more 20 X 20m2 plots were selected on adjacent lands belonging to the Crow Indian Tribe where the 1983 fire had been. These plots contrasted with those on the Monument because the Crow people have kept cattle and horses on this land for several years, and they have continued this land use after the fire as well. The plots on the Indian lands are-south from N64-E24, south from N64-E28, east from N66-E30, east from N75-E30, and east from N73-E30.

AWAL PERADABAN DI DAERAH MAMASA: KAJIAN BUDAYA AUSTRONESIA DI SITUS DAMBU DAN MATTI

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Hasanuddin Hasanuddin
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
The West ◽  
Oral Culture ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Settlement Location ◽  
Initial Settlement ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Cultural Features

Archaeological research in Mamasa District, West Sulawesi, aims to capture artefact data that can describe human civilization in the area. One problem that has never been answered, is when did civilization begin in the Mamasa area. In this study, a survey and excavation method was used on the sites mentioned by the local community as the initial settlement location in Mamasa such as the Dambu Site and the Matti Site. Interview method used to obtain information about the historical setting of these sites. The results of surveys and excavations carried out at the Dambu and Matti sites found stone flake artefacts and Austronesian-style pottery fragments, as evidence of the early forms of civilization in the area. In their oral culture, mentioning a number of toponyms as the oldest settlements in the area, and it is evident that Dambu and Matti are old settlements. The similarity of cultural features in the form of pottery found in the West Sulawesi region also shows migration flows that are thought to originate from the Karama River (Mamuju). Penelitian arkeologi di Kabupaten Mamasa, Sulawesi Barat, bertujuan untuk menjaring data artefaktual yang dapat menggambarkan mengenai peradaban manusia di daerah tersebut. Salah satu masalah yang belum pernah dijawab, adalah sejak kapan mulai peradaban di daerah Mamasa. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode survei, dan ekskavasi pada situs-situs yang yang disebutkan oleh masyarakat setempat sebagai lokasi permukiman awal di Mamasa seperti Situs Dambu dan Situs Matti. Metode wawancara juga digunakan untuk memperoleh informasi tentang latar sejarah kedua situs tersebut. Hasil survei dan ekskavasi yang telah dilakukan di situs Dambu dan Matti ditemukan artefak batu serpih dan fragmen tembikar berciri Austronesia, sebagai bukti bentuk peradaban awal di daerah tersebut. Tradisi tutur mereka, menyebutkan beberapa toponim sebagai perkampungan tertua di daerah tersebut, dan terbukti bahwa Dambu dan Matti merupakan perkampungan tua. Kesamaan ciri budaya, khususnya temuan tembikar di kawasan Sulawesi Barat juga menunjukkan arus migrasi yang diduga berasal dari aliran Sungai Karama (Mamuju).

Area, Class and Health: Should we be Focusing on Places or People?

1993 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Macintyre ◽  
Sheila Maciver ◽  
Anne Sooman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Health It ◽  
The West ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Social And Physical Environment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cultural Features

AbstractIn Britain there has been a long tradition of research into associations between area of residence and health. Rarely has this involved investigating socio-economic or cultural features of areas that might influence health; usually studies use area level data, for example about specific pathogens or about levels of deprivation, as surrogates for individual level data, rather than being interested in the areas themselves. This paper reviews the literature on the relationship between area and health. It advocates directly studying features of the local social and physical environment which might promote or inhibit health, illustrating this approach with some findings from a study in the West of Scotland, and suggests that improvements in public health might be achieved by focusing on places as well as on people.

scholarly journals The Representation(s) of Morocco in Elias Canetti’s The Voices of Marrakesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
Adil El Filali
Keyword(s):  
Travel Writing ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Cultural Geography ◽  
Travel Narrative ◽  
The West ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Cultural Features ◽  
The Way

Elias Canetti’s (2009) the Voices of Marrakesh depicts a set of cultural features about Marrakesh city, Morocco. In such travel writing text, different are the issues of representation about the country which are discursively figured in negative perspectives. Relatedly, the gaze of the Westerner theoretically and practically helps target the extent to which the Moroccan landscape and identity are constructed. At this point, debates about the nature of concepts like the ‘civilized’, the ‘primitive’, and the ‘savage’ are very common and form the intellectual background for the travel writer. The dichotomy between center and periphery is highly examined in the present article since there are images or processes of decentralizing Morocco. Following post-colonial analytical approach, the current article problematizes the way the West represents Morocco and its cultural geography. Importantly, the article focuses on Moroccan geography which is given little if not no importance pretending that it is a deserted space where the uncivilized natives dwell. It serves nothing but fear and mystery. This paper serves as a basis for the readership to understand the way Morocco is portrayed by Canetti. By representing Morocco in different images, Canetti ideologically generates a socio-cultural discourse about Arabs and about Morocco in particular. By doing so, he confirms the fact that there is no innocent text including travel narrative.

scholarly journals Preliminary account of the mapping of the Mesozoic formations of south-east Jameson Land

1971 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
F Surlyk ◽  
R.G Bromley ◽  
U Asgaard ◽  
K.R Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Special Study ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
The West ◽  
Full Report ◽  
Preliminary Account ◽  
Field Season ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
Special Studies

In the 1970 field season, the programme of mapping Jameson Land (Birkelund & Perch-Nielsen, 1969; Bromley et al., 1970) was continued with·a study of the Hurry Fjord region and the area between Mønselv and Raukelv on the south coast (fig. 6). The geology of the west coast of Hurry Fjord has been studied previously by Hartz (1896), Harris (1926, 1937), Rosenkrantz (1934) and Aldinger (1935), and certain parts of the succession are known in detail. During the 1970 field season, however, special study was made of the phytopalaeontology of the Kap Stewart Formation (K.R.P.), the ichnology of the Neill Klinter Formation (R.G.B. & U.A.) and the stratigraphy of the Kap Biot Formation and the beds overlying the Neill Klinter Formation (F.S.). These special studies will be published later. A full report of the mapping must wait until a more detailed topographic map is available for the publication of the geological map.

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