EDICIONES, REIMPRESIONES Y TRADUCCIONES EN ESPAÑOL DEL TRATADO DE ECONOMÍA POLÍTICA DE JEAN BAPTISTE SAY

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-192
Author(s):  
José M. Menudo ◽  
José María O’Kean
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Press Freedom ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
The Real ◽  
Parliamentary Debate ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Political Project ◽  
The 19Th Century

AbstractJean-Baptiste Say’s Traité d’économie politique made a profound impact on Spain in the 19th century due to its prominent influence on parliamentary debate and teaching. Probably due to the success achieved in Spain and the numerous editions and translations into Spanish, certain confusion is perceived in the literature. The aim of this article is to clarify the muddle over the different editions of Say’s Traité in Spanish and also the identity of their translators who, in some cases, were obliged to conceal their names because of the obstacles to press freedom. We also conclude that Say’s translation was part of two publishing projects. A teaching project linked to the Real Sociedad Económica de Amigos del País and a political project due to the fact the Liberal Triennium allowed the exiles to bring new ideas to policy makers and students.

Iranian Millenarianism and Demorcratic Thought in the 19th Century

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan R. I. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Representative Government ◽  
English Revolution ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Constitutional Revolution ◽  
The Revolution

Between 1905 and 1911, Iranians were engaged in a protracted struggle over whether a constitutionalist regime would replace royal absolutism.1 Little in Iran's political culture before 1905 had hinted at this conflict before it broke out, and for the past thirty years historians have been seeking this genealogy for it. Most have searched among the papers of officials and diplomats, often examining unpublished or posthumously published manuscripts with little or no contemporary circulation, at least before the revolution,2 but we might get closer to its context if we look at what was going on outside the governmental elite. Here I will explore the growth of belief in representative government within an Iranian millenarian movement, the Bahai faith, in the last third of the 19th century, as an example of how the new ideas circulated that led to the conflict.3 Historians have noted a link between millenarianism and democratic or populist thought elsewhere, after all; for instance they have long recognized the importance of chiliastic ideas in e English Revolution of the 17th century. The republicanism of American dissidents and revolutionaries was also sometimes tinged with a civil millennialism. The Bahais of Iran, too, combined democratic rhetoric with millenarian imagery in the generation before the Constitutional Revolution.4

scholarly journals Religious Ferment among the Indians of British Guiana at the Turn of the 19th Century

1978 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 97-125
Author(s):  
Aleksander Posern-Zieliński
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
English Abstract ◽  
Religious Movement ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
British Guiana ◽  
Abstract Description ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Colonization Process ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article is a the historical overview of local socio-religious syncretic movements in Guiana. Both protestant Christianization and the complex colonization process that resulted in Dutch and British presence were crucial to the emergence of these new ideas. First syncretic beliefs linked the figure of Christ with a local mythical being called Makunaima. This kind of belief appears to start in 1840's with the Awakaipu, a native man who was able to gather some followers. By the end of the 19th Century roots of a new religious movement, named the Hallelujah, started to develop independently. English abstract/description written by Michał Gilewski

Men and Modernity in Porfirian Mexico

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Buffington
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Revolution ◽  
New Era ◽  
Self Help ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Male Honor ◽  
The 19Th Century

The Porfirian era (1876–1911) marked a watershed in social understandings of manhood. New ideas about what it meant to be a man had appeared in Mexico by the middle of the 19th century in the form of self-help manuals intended primarily for middle-class and bourgeois men who sought to distinguish themselves in a post-independence society that had done away with legal distinctions, including aristocratic titles. Marks of distinction included cleanliness, good grooming, moderation, affability, respectability, love of country, and careful attentiveness to the needs and opinions of others, including women, children, and social “inferiors”—an approach that artfully combined longstanding notions of masculine responsibility and authority with modern ideas about self-mastery and citizenship, especially the sublimation of volatile “passions” in all domains of social life. Modern qualities also mapped onto traditional concerns about male honor predicated on the fulfillment of patriarchal duties, especially the control of female dependents. The socially validated, “hegemonic” masculinity produced by this amalgamation of modern and traditional ideas proved burdensome for many middle-class men, who struggled to maintain an always precarious sense of honor or who rejected the constraints it sought to impose on their behavior. For men from less privileged classes, it represented an impossible ideal that they sometimes rejected through the adoption of antisocial “protest” masculinities and often satirized as delusional or unmanly, even as they too came to define their masculinity in relation to a modern/traditional binary. The modern/traditional binary that characterized ideas about masculinity for all sectors of Porfirian society has persisted until the present day, despite the epochal 1910 social revolution that inaugurated a new era in Mexican social relations.

The ‘Real’ Price of Primary Products

1977 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 72-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.F. Ray
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
The Real ◽  
Export Prices ◽  
Real Price ◽  
Primary Products ◽  
Real Value ◽  
High Level ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article traces the course of world commodity prices back to the middle of the 19th century and attempts to assess the changes in their purchasing value by deflating them by the export prices of manufactured goods. The purchasing power of commodity prices was in decline over long periods but they usually regained their earlier real value, or improved on it, in powerful upsurges of which the 1972-74 boom was the most recent; it was also unique in peacetime and, though with fluctuations, the purchasing value of commodities has since remained at a relatively high level.

,,Ein Vorhof zum Paradies". Das Czernowitz-Bild in der deutsch-jüdischen Literatur

2006 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-226
Author(s):  
Anna-Dorothea Ludewig
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Holocaust Survivors ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Place ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractThe present research on Czernowitz focuses mostly on the 20th century and on the works and memoirs of Holocaust survivors. But Czernowitz was at its cultural and economical height at the end of the 19th century, and it was during that time that the myth of the ,,ideal city" was established. This essay stresses the importance of that time period for understanding the ,,Czernowitz myth," and it analyzes the relationship between the ,,real" place Czernowitz and the literary topos of a ,,sunken city" (Rose Ausländer).

scholarly journals Teacher Preparation in Ontario: A History

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Kitchen ◽  
Diana Petrarca
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Teacher Preparation ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Elementary And Secondary Education ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Insight Into

While teacher education has changed dramatically over the years, educators, policy-makers and the general public are largely unaware of the history of teacher preparation in the province. This history, beginning in the 19th century, tells the story of increasing professionalism over the years as Ontario adapted its system to meet a rising demand for elementary and secondary education. It is a story of authority over education, as teacher training under provincial direction became teacher education in universities, and as accreditation shifted to the Ontario College of Teachers. It is a story of reform, and the limits of reform, in the preparation of teachers for a diverse and changing world. By better understanding the history of teacher preparation in the past, we may gain insight into the present situation and imagine a better future for teacher education in Ontario.

scholarly journals Painted Churches of Medieval Lebanon: an Overview

Chronos ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 129-161
Author(s):  
Tasha Voderstrasse
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Religious Art ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Christian Art ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Scholarly Attention

The modern country of Lebanon preserves an important medieval and post-medieval legacy of standing churches and Christian religious art. After their discovery by western scholars in the 19th century, the art of the churches only attracted limited scholarly attention until about 100 years later, when they began to be studied in detail. Now a variety of studies have appeared on the churches and their art, including several books (Nordiguian and Voisin 1999 and subsequent new editions; Cruikshank Dodd 2004; Immerzeel 2009; Zibawi 2009) and numerous articles in both print and online. This article seeks to provide an overview of the studies of these monuments, first discussing the origins of the study of these churches and the viewpoints of the different scholars who have approached the material, and then examining some Of the surviving monuments. The churches discussed here date to what can be most accurately termed as a high medieval period of the 12th-13th centuries AD, when Lebanon was under the rule of the Crusaders. Nevertheless, while the region was under Crusader control, there is a growing recognition that the monuments that were produced were local art that was influenced from a variety of sources. Post-Crusader material will not be discussed, although it should be noted that the country also possesses important Christian art from the subsequent periods. The article will not only examine the standing architecture, but also the wall paintings, which have been the subject of considerable attention on the part of scholars in recent years. Further, other Christian religious items that would have been found or still can be found in the churches, such as icons, will also be treated here, particularly as a number of scholars have related the different art forms to each other. It is by examining all forms of Christian art surviving in Lebanon from this period that we can come to a better understanding of how and why this material was produced, as well as how the studies of this material has evolved through time. It can also help provide new ideas for further research, in addition to the valuable work of documentation, restoration, and interpretation that has been occurring since the end of the 20th century.

scholarly journals O Santo Ofício em Portugal e a narrativa crítica de Alexandre Herculano em relação à Inquisição / The Holy Office in Portugal and the Critical Narrative of Alexandre Herculaneum in Relation to the Inquisition

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (64) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Felipe Dos Santos Matias
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Work History ◽  
Second Moment ◽  
The Real ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
History Of ◽  
Jose Saramago ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Do So ◽  
The Way

Resumo: O presente artigo estuda, inicialmente, o Santo Ofício português – iniciado em 1536 e oficialmente extinto apenas no século XIX, em 1821 –, procurando abordar alguns aspectos históricos, sociais, políticos e culturais decorrentes do funcionamento do tribunal inquisitorial em solo luso. Para tanto, dialoga-se com historiadores e intelecuais como António Baião, Anita Novinsky, António Sérgio, Lana Lage da Gama Lima, Giuseppe Marcocci, José Pedro Paiva, Toby Green, António José Saraiva, Eduardo Lourenço, dentre outros. Em um segundo momento do estudo, analisa-se a obra História da origem e estabelecimento da Inquisição em Portugal (1854), de Alexandre Herculano (1810-1877), buscando-se evidenciar a forma pela qual a narrativa historiográfica herculaniana constituiu um discurso crítico em relação à institucionalização da Inquisição no reino português – durante a monarquia de D. João III – e aos laços estreitos entre os poderes real e religioso.Palavras-chave: Inquisição; Portugal; Alexandre Herculano.Abstract: This article initially studies the Portuguese Holy Office - which began in 1536 and was officially extinguished only in the 19th century, in 1821 - and seeks to address some historical, social, political and cultural aspects arising from the operation of the Inquisitorial Court on Portuguese soil. To do so, it dialogues with historians and intellectuals such as António Baião, Anita Novinsky, António Sérgio, Lana Lage da Gama Lima, Giuseppe Marcocci, José Pedro Paiva, Toby Green, António José Saraiva, Eduardo Lourenço, among others. In a second moment of study, the work History of the origin and establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal (1854), by Alexandre Herculano (1810-1877), is analyzed, seeking to highlight the way in which the herculanian historiographic narrative constituted a discursive criticism in relation to the institutionalization of the Inquisition in the Portuguese kingdom – during the monarchy of D. João III – and to the close ties between the real and religious powers.Keywords:Inquisition; Portugal; Alexandre Herculano.Resumo: O presente artigo[1] estuda, inicialmente, o Santo Ofício português – iniciado em 1536 e oficialmente extinto apenas no século XIX, em 1821 –, procurando abordar alguns aspectos históricos, sociais, políticos e culturais decorrentes do funcionamento do tribunal inquisitorial em solo luso. Para tanto, dialoga-se com historiadores e intelecuais como António Baião, Anita Novinsky, António Sérgio, Lana Lage da Gama Lima, Giuseppe Marcocci, José Pedro Paiva, Toby Green, António José Saraiva, Eduardo Lourenço, dentre outros. Em um segundo momento do estudo, analisa-se a obra História da origem e estabelecimento da Inquisição em Portugal (1854), de Alexandre Herculano (1810-1877), buscando-se evidenciar a forma pela qual a narrativa historiográfica herculaniana constituiu um discurso crítico em relação à institucionalização da Inquisição no reino português – durante a monarquia de D. João III – e aos laços estreitos entre os poderes real e religioso.Palavras-chave: Inquisição; Portugal; Alexandre Herculano.Abstract: This article initially studies the Portuguese Holy Office - which began in 1536 and was officially extinguished only in the 19th century, in 1821 - and seeks to address some historical, social, political and cultural aspects arising from the operation of the Inquisitorial Court on Portuguese soil. To do so, it dialogues with historians and intellectuals such as António Baião, Anita Novinsky, António Sérgio, Lana Lage da Gama Lima, Giuseppe Marcocci, José Pedro Paiva, Toby Green, António José Saraiva, Eduardo Lourenço, among others. In a second moment of study, the work History of the origin and establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal (1854), by Alexandre Herculano (1810-1877), is analyzed, seeking to highlight the way in which the herculanian historiographic narrative constituted a discursive criticism in relation to the institutionalization of the Inquisition in the Portuguese kingdom – during the monarchy of D. João III – and to the close ties between the real and religious powers.Keywords: Inquisition; Portugal; Alexandre Herculano.[1] Este estudo é parte da tese As representações da Inquisição nos discursos historiográfico de Alexandre Herculano e literário de José Saramago, defendida em 2014, na UFJF. 

scholarly journals THE POETIC WORLD OF I. A. KURATOV

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-642
Author(s):  
Lidiya Egorovna Surnina
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Objective World ◽  
Research Opportunities ◽  
The Real ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Subjective Level

I. A. Kuratov’s creative activity has been an outstanding phenomenon in the history of Komi and Finno-Ugrian literatures. In the period of the democratic enlightenment the incipient Komi literature which was written by I. A. Kuratov in terms of the real illustration of the nation’s life was in line with literatures with old traditions. It is known, that I. A. Kuratov was not the sole writer of the 19th century, such names as G. Lytkin, P. Rasputin, P. Klochkov, M. Istomin and others are also well known. I. Kuratov knew about literary experiments by the Komi writers of the beginning of the 19th century. The critical perception of the works by these authors helped him to a certain degree to comprehend which targets must the poet solve, who represents a small nation of Russia. This article deals with the study of I. Kuratov’s lyric system, which is multi-subject, containing different ways of expressing the author’s consciousness. The relevance of the work is due to research opportunities that open up the study of the subjective system of works to reveal the individual author's system of the Komi poet. Poems of peasant themes by I. Kuratov are analyzed. The subject of the research is the subject organization as one of the most important ways of expressing the author's consciousness. I. Kuratov strives to embody the idea of the internal unity of the rural collective both at the heroic and at the structural and subjective level. Such a task materializes both in the sphere of subject organization and in the structure of the text itself, each element of which (artistic space, imagery series, motive complex, objective world, composition, plot) somehow becomes a means of representing the author's discourse.

Reflections on the 19th Century Missionary Reports as Sources for the History of the (Kurdish) Kizilbash

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-70
Author(s):  
Ayfer Karakaya-Stump
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Editorial Process ◽  
The Real ◽  
History Of ◽  
Critical Scrutiny ◽  
The 19Th Century

Missionary reports are the earliest modern records to explicitly mention the Kizilbash, and the “Kizilbash Kurds” in particular. Therefore, they have been utilised relatively extensively by researchers in the field, sometimes at levels disproportionate to their reliability and usefulness. This article develops my previous work on the perils of the missionary reports’ utilization without sufficient critical scrutiny of their inherent biases and limitations, and highlights, on the basis of an original missionary letter, the editorial process that they were likely subjected to before publication. It argues that the real significance of these sources lies not in their broad and biased speculations concerning distant (Kurdish) Kizilbash origins, but in the casual observations and incidental details they unwittingly supply. Abstract in Kurmanji Hizrên li ser raporên mîsyonerî yên sedsala 19an wek çavkanî ji bo dîroka Qizilbaşan (ên kurd) Raporên mîsyonerî qeydên modern ên ewil in ku bi eşkereyî behsa Qizilbaş an jî “kurdên Qizilbaş” bi taybetî dikin. Lewra, ew ji teref lêkolînerên li sehayê nisbeten bi berfirehî hatine bikaranîn, carna jî di asteke ne li gor bikêrhatî û ewlebûna wan de. Ev gotar li ser xebatên min ên berê ava bûye ku di wan de behsa talûkeya sûdwergirtina ji raporên mîsyoneran bêyî lêkolîneke rexneyî ya li hember pêşdarazî, sînorkirin û balkişandinên wan ên esasî tê kirin; û gotar bal dikşîne ser bingeha nameyeke mîsyonerî ya orîjînal, pêvajoya edîtorî ya muhtemel a berî weşandina ku ev name tê re derbas dibin. Gotar, nîqaş dike ku girîngiya rastîn ya van çavkaniyan ne di pêşqebûlên wan ên berfireh û alîgir yên di derbarê kokên (kurdên) Qizilbaş de ye lê di çavdêriyên wan ên rojane û teferuatên tesadufî de ye ku wan bêyî zanebûn gihandine. Abstract in Sorani Raman le raportî mizgênîderekanî sedey 19 wek serçaweyek bo mêjuy (Kurdî) ‏Qzilbaş   Raportî mizgênîderekan kontirîn tomarî serdemin ke be raşkawî nawî qzilbaşekanî hênabêt û ‏betaybetîş "qzilbaşe kurdekan". Leberewe, be rêjeyekî frawan û hendêkcar ta astî ‏neguncan legell ‏bawerrpêkrawî û sûdmendî ew serçawane, lelayen twêjeranî ew bware ‏sûdyan lêwergîrawe. Em wtare leser bnemay ‏karêkî pêşûtrim bunyadinrawe ke derbarey ‏metrisîy bekarbirdnî raportî mizgênîderekane bê ewey wku ‏pêwîst hellsengandinêkî  ‏rexnegrane bikrêt bo layengîrîy zigmakîyane û snurdarêtî ew mizgênîderane, we leser bnemay ‏nameyekî esllî mizgênîderêk, tîşk dexate ser prosey ‏paknuskirdin ke pêdeçêt ‏mizgênîderekan pêş bllawkirdnewe rûberrûy bûbnewe . Miştumrrî ewe ‏dekat ke bayexî ‏rasteqîney em serçawane le xemllandinî giştî û layengîrîyaneyan lemerr rîşey dûrî  ‏qzillbaşî (kurdî)ewe nayet, bellku lew serince labela û zanîyarye ‏xelletênerane daye ke ewan ‏beanqest dawyane.‏ Abstract in Zazaki Sey çimeyanê tarîxê (kurdanê) qizilbaşan, raporanê mîsyoneranê seserra 19. ser o tefekurî Qeydê modernê tewr verênî yê ke bi hewayo eşkera qalê qizilbaşan û bitaybetî qalê kurdanê qizilbaşan kenê, raporê mîsyoneran ê. Coka nê raporî hetê cigêrayoxanê nê warî ra hetê nîsbetî ra hende ameyî xebitnayene ke ge-gane goreyê bawerbarî û feydeyê înan sînorê qebulî ra zî vîyartêne. Na meqale xebata min a verên a ke mi derheqê tehlukeyanê xebitnayîşê raporanê mîsyoneran yê bê rexnegirîya tehqîqê cidî yê terefgirî û sînordarîya înan de kerdbî, aye ser o virazîyaya. Na meqale pê bingeyê mektubêka mîsyonerêk a orîjînale bale ancena prosesê înan ê edîtoryalî ser ke bi îhtîmalêk weşanîyayîş ra ver pêro nê prosesî ro vîyartêne ra. Na xebate nê fikrî dana munaqeşeyî ro ke girîngîya nê çimeyan a raştikêne, pêardişanê înan ê hîra û terefgîran derheqê ristimê (kurdanê) qizilbaşan ê dûrî de nîya, la observasyonanê eleladeyan û teferuatan ê ke mîsyoneran bi tesadufî dayî, înan de ya.

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