Security as translation: threats, discourse, and the politics of localisation

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 2491-2517 ◽  
Author(s):  
HOLGER STRITZEL
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Discourse Communities ◽  
Cultural Processes

AbstractThis article aims at enhancing our understanding of how collective interpretations of threats, stabilised and temporarily fixed in names, travel across different local discourse communities. I contend that globally accepted names result from gradual cross-cultural processes of localisation. Specifically, I argue that the discursive dynamics of elusiveness, compatibility and adaptation suggest a framework of analysis for how collective interpretations or names travel.

Dialecticism across the Lifespan: Towards a Deeper Understanding of the Ontogenetic and Cultural Factors Influencing Dialectical Thinking and Emotional Experience

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Grossmann
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Developmental Models ◽  
Empirical Inquiry ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
Dialectical Thought

Before dialecticism became a topic of empirical inquiry in cultural psychology, scholars in related disciplines has discussed dialecticism as a model of human development, as an essential component of maturity and wisdom. This review chapter bridged these two perspectives, comparing conceptualizations of dialecticism in developmental and cultural psychology. After reviewing historical portrayals of dialecticism in various philosophical traditions, this chapter provides comparison of historical characterizations with the contemporary treatment of dialecticism in human development and cultural psychology. Both streams -- developmental and cross-cultural -- are proposed as essential for an integral understanding of the construct. Subsequently, the chapter discusses the emerging developmental models of dialecticism across the lifespan and reviews the accompanying empirical evidence, situating it in a cross-cultural context. It concludes with an outline of future directions of research on dialectical thought, with attention to psychological and socio-cultural processes engendering dialecticism across the lifespan.

scholarly journals Implication of Radiocarbon Dates from Sohr Damb/Nal, Balochistan

Radiocarbon ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 703-712
Author(s):  
Jochen Görsdorf ◽  
Ute Franke-Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
Type Site

Sohr Damb/Nal, the type site of the Nal complex, is located in Balochistan, Pakistan. After 1 season of excavation by H Hargreaves in 1924, which made the polychrome Nal pottery widely known, no further work took place until the Joint German-Pakistani Archaeological Mission to Kalat resumed excavations in 2001. So far, 4 seasons of excavations have been undertaken, which have revealed 4 periods of occupation, dated from about 3800 to 2000 BC. The well-stratified assemblages provide new insights into cultural processes and developments, and enhance the comparative frameworks through typological series and a comprehensive set of radiocarbon dates. This information is essential for assessing cross-cultural relations and the date of urbanization. In this paper, the 14C dates from Sohr Damb/Nal are presented and their cultural context is discussed. Period III has several links to sites in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Iran, such as Miri Qalat IIIb–c, Mehrgarh VI–VII/Nausharo I, Quetta III, Mundigak IV, and Shahr-e Sokhta II–III. Period IV represents a Kulli-Harappan occupation, which is dated to the second half of the 3rd millennium BC.

scholarly journals PATRIOTISM AS A CULTURAL UNIVERSAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
Natalia Ivanovna Anufrieva ◽  
Ivan Vladimirovich Derzhavin ◽  
Olga Anatolyevna Derzhavina ◽  
Ekaterina Yuryevna Ivanova ◽  
Alexander Vladlenovich Kamenets
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Interactive Approach ◽  
Political Preferences ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
Common Strategy

Purpose of the study: The purpose of the article is to introduce the concept of patriotism into scientific circulation as a cultural universal as an alternative to the predominant politicization of this concept. The interpretation of this topic in various socio-political contexts presents a lot of discrepancies and contradictory characteristics associated with the ideological and political preferences of researchers. Methodology: The research methodology is based on a situational and interactive approach to the study of socio-cultural processes and phenomena that are present in the study of social systems, as well as in cross-cultural studies and research of intercultural communication. Main Findings: The main results of the study are the identification of the possibilities of an interactive and situational approach in the study of patriotism, the development of a common strategy for the formation of patriotism as a sequence of stages of socialization of an individual, and identification of the decisive influence of spiritual culture on the real social experience of a patriotic orientation. Applications of this study: The results of the study open up prospects for further study of patriotism as a cultural universal, regardless of a particular political regime or national and cultural characteristics of certain countries and peoples. This can significantly expand the concept of patriotism, without linking the latter only to the specifics of its interpretation in a particular society, ethnic group or community, maintaining the necessary balance between communication and interaction in the formation of patriotism. Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of the research consists in the use of an interactive and situational approach to the study and formation of patriotism, based on deep socio-anthropological patterns of formation and development of social groups and communities, as well as in the identified stages (situations and levels) of the formation of patriotism in real society, which can be quite stable and productive.

Figurative uses of the head-denoting words baş and kafa in Turkish idioms

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-163
Author(s):  
Melike Baş
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The Body ◽  
Abstract Concepts ◽  
Cultural Model ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Image Schemas ◽  
Idiomatic Expressions ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study analyzes the metaphoric and metonymic nature of baş/kafa ‘head’ in Turkish idiomatic expressions from a cognitive linguistic perspective. The database for the study is composed of idioms containing the two head-denoting words baş and kafa. Idioms and their definitions are analyzed in terms of their figurative uses of abstract concepts, and the conceptual metaphors and metonymies are identified. Findings are examined under five categories: head as the representative of the person, the seat of mental faculties, the locus of emotions, the sign of superiority/power, and the sign of value. The study proposes a cultural model in which the image schemas whole-part, containment and verticality play a key role, and reveals cross-cultural similarities and differences in the conceptualization of head. The study also provides further support for the embodiment thesis, and underscores the impact of cultural processes in shaping the way the body is conceptualized.

scholarly journals What does it mean to be possessed by a spirit or demon? Some phenomenological insights from neuro-anthropological research

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter F. Craffert
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Single Thing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
Visible Growth ◽  
Mode Of Being

The visible growth in possession and exorcism in Southern Africa can, amongst others, be attributed to the general impression in Christianity that, since Jesus was a successful exorcist, his followers should follow his example. Historical Jesus research generally endorses a view of Jesus as exorcist, which probably also contributes to this idea, yet there is no or very little reflection about either exorcism or possession as cultural practices. This article offers a critical reflection on possession based on insights from cross-cultural and neuro-scientific research. The first insight is that possession is not a single thing, but a collective term for what is a wide range of phenomena. At least two distinct meanings are identified: possession as a label for illness or misfortune, and possession as an indication of forms of human dissociative phenomena. In the latter instance, an impression of possession as a mode of being a Self, together with insights about the inherent potential for dissociative phenomena, provides the background to the view of possession as a cultural technique with a variety of functions. A second insight is that the term possession refers to complex neuro-cultural processes that can be described by means of both cultural and neurological mechanisms. A third insight is that in most ethnographic examples possession is the response or solution to other underlying problems. Against this background the role of exorcism should be reconsidered as clear-cut and worthy of emulation.

Mediterranean Style Gated Communities around the World: Architecture, Globalization, and Transnational Elites

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-442
Author(s):  
Albert S. Fu
Keyword(s):  
Gated Communities ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Gated Community ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
World Class ◽  
Western City ◽  
Class Status ◽  
Aesthetic Ideal

Mediterranean style houses, mansions, and villas are found in elite enclaves around the world. There is a large literature on gated communities. However, the ubiquity of this Mediterranean style as a global and cross–cultural phenomenon has been underexamined. Enclaves in Africa, Asia, the Americas, and the Middle East often look the same suggesting the global commodification of this aesthetic ideal. Examining the Toskana Vadisi, or Tuscan Valley gated community in Istanbul, Turkey, this article argues such spaces represent global cultural processes, as well the habitus of transnational elites in aspiring global cities. Also, by focusing on a non–Western city, I am able to analyze how aesthetic ideals are linked to city–building, in an increasingly competitive world, where cities seek world–class status by developing amenities for transnational elites.

The sense of obligation is culturally modulated

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Bender
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Cultural Group ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Sense Of Obligation ◽  
Cross Cultural Studies

Abstract Tomasello argues in the target article that, in generalizing the concrete obligations originating from interdependent collaboration to one's entire cultural group, humans become “ultra-cooperators.” But are all human populations cooperative in similar ways? Based on cross-cultural studies and my own fieldwork in Polynesia, I argue that cooperation varies along several dimensions, and that the underlying sense of obligation is culturally modulated.

Cognitive gadgets: A provocative but flawed manifesto

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Del Giudice
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Evolutionary Approach ◽  
Genetic Inheritance ◽  
Double Standards ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Cherry Picking ◽  
Dichotomous Thinking

Abstract The argument against innatism at the heart of Cognitive Gadgets is provocative but premature, and is vitiated by dichotomous thinking, interpretive double standards, and evidence cherry-picking. I illustrate my criticism by addressing the heritability of imitation and mindreading, the relevance of twin studies, and the meaning of cross-cultural differences in theory of mind development. Reaching an integrative understanding of genetic inheritance, plasticity, and learning is a formidable task that demands a more nuanced evolutionary approach.

Sociocultural memory development research drives new directions in gadgetry science

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Van Bergen ◽  
John Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Memory Development ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Cross Cultural Research

Abstract Sociocultural developmental psychology can drive new directions in gadgetry science. We use autobiographical memory, a compound capacity incorporating episodic memory, as a case study. Autobiographical memory emerges late in development, supported by interactions with parents. Intervention research highlights the causal influence of these interactions, whereas cross-cultural research demonstrates culturally determined diversity. Different patterns of inheritance are discussed.

Successful Implicit Vocabulary Intervention for Three Cantonese-Speaking Toddlers: A Replicated Single-Case Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 4148-4161
Author(s):  
Christine S.-Y. Ng ◽  
Stephanie F. Stokes ◽  
Mary Alt
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Neighborhood Density ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Vocabulary Intervention ◽  
Phonological Neighborhood Density ◽  
Phonological Neighborhood ◽  
And Control ◽  
Case Design

Purpose We report on a replicated single-case design study that measured the feasibility of an expressive vocabulary intervention for three Cantonese-speaking toddlers with small expressive lexicons relative to their age. The aim was to assess the cross-cultural and cross-linguistic feasibility of an intervention method developed for English-speaking children. Method A nonconcurrent multiple-baseline design was used with four baseline data points and 16 intervention sessions per participant. The intervention design incorporated implicit learning principles, high treatment dosage, and control of the phonological neighborhood density of the stimuli. The children (24–39 months) attended 7–9 weeks of twice weekly input-based treatment in which no explicit verbal production was required from the child. Each target word was provided as input a minimum of 64 times in at least two intervention sessions. Treatment feasibility was measured by comparison of how many of the target and control words the child produced across the intervention period, and parent-reported expressive vocabulary checklists were completed for comparison of pre- and postintervention child spoken vocabulary size. An omnibus effect size for the treatment effect of the number of target and control words produced across time was calculated using Kendall's Tau. Results There was a significant treatment effect for target words learned in intervention relative to baselines, and all children produced significantly more target than control words across the intervention period. The effect of phonological neighborhood density on expressive word production could not be evaluated because two of the three children learned all target words. Conclusion The results provide cross-cultural evidence of the feasibility of a model of intervention that incorporated a high-dosage, cross-situational statistical learning paradigm to teach spoken word production to children with small expressive lexicons.

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