The future of robot programming

Robotica ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gini
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Industrial Robots ◽  
Intelligence Community ◽  
Robot Programming ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Programming Systems ◽  
The One

SUMMARYThis paper presents current trends in robot programming. The open problems with current robot programming systems are outlined and indications for solutions are given. Since computer controlled robots have been introduced, the methodology of robot programming has seen a great deal of development. Two completely different approaches to robot programming have been considered in the past. On the one hand within the Artificial Intelligence community a lot of research has been done to provide robots with autonomous reasoning capabilities. On the other hand, the need to control industrial robots has pushed the development of simple but effective methods for robot programming. To put it simply, Artificial Intelligence researchers have taken a top-down approach trying to solve the difficult problem of reasoning and have assumed that all the rest was easy. Others have taken a bottom-up approach first trying to control robots and only later trying to incorporate intelligence. The complexity of industrial automation tasks requires programming systems more sophisticated that those in use today. Artificial Intelligence is the best candidate to create the next generation of robot programming systems.

Automation 4.0

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-49
Author(s):  
Craig Eric Seidelson
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Robots ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intelligent Machines ◽  
Level Of Automation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Smart Factories

Factories have employed automation for nearly 100 years. With the launch of Industry 4.0 in 2011, operations have expanded their use of robots on an unprecedented scale. As of 2017, there were roughly 2 million industrial robots in use globally. By 2030, it's estimated that 20 million manufacturing jobs around the world could be replaced by robots. Yet, substantial hurdles remain before predicted level of automation can be realized. On the one hand, smart factories are almost exclusively multibillion-dollar enterprises. Their costs are simply too high for most manufacturers. On the other hand, intelligent machines are limited in what they can do because so many of the engineering tasks required to support them are still being done by people. Widespread use of automation requires expanding the use of artificial intelligence to manage data, create drawings, evaluate designs, and program machines.

CRYPTOCURRENCY PHENOMENON IN THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY SYSTEM

2017 ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Артур Анатолійович Василенко
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
International Monetary System ◽  
State University ◽  
Electronic Money ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
Post Graduate Student ◽  
The One ◽  
Xix Century

UDC 336.74   Vasylenko Artur, post-graduate student. Mariupol State University. Cryptocurrency Phenomenon in the International Monetary System. The main prerequisites of cryptocurrency emergence in the international monetary system in terms of regionalization of the world economy are defined in the article. Determination of «cryptocurrency» category was analysed from the point of two main approaches to its treatment: on the one hand cryptocurrency is admitted to be the currency equally to the sovereign currency, and on the other hand it is considered as an unrecognized virtual asset. The main consequences which arise in case of widespread use of crypto currency for the country and for the parties that agreed to use cryptocurrency were analysed and systematized. On the basis of the research, given the current trends in the world economy, the author put forward and substantiated the hypothesis to classify the phenomenon of cryptocurrency as the effects of a famous philosophical «Negation of negation law» formulated by G. Hegel at the beginning of the XIX century.   Keywords: cryptocurrency, material money, electronic money, digital currency, regional currency integration, blockchain, mining, capitalization, «Negation of negation law».

scholarly journals A Survey of Techniques for Constructing Chinese Knowledge Graphs and Their Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianxing Wu ◽  
Guilin Qi ◽  
Cheng Li ◽  
Meng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Question Answering ◽  
Knowledge Representation And Reasoning ◽  
Knowledge Graph ◽  
Development History ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
History Of ◽  
Knowledge Graphs ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

With the continuous development of intelligent technologies, knowledge graph, the backbone of artificial intelligence, has attracted much attention from both academic and industrial communities due to its powerful capability of knowledge representation and reasoning. In recent years, knowledge graph has been widely applied in different kinds of applications, such as semantic search, question answering, knowledge management and so on. Techniques for building Chinese knowledge graphs are also developing rapidly and different Chinese knowledge graphs have been constructed to support various applications. Under the background of the “One Belt One Road (OBOR)” initiative, cooperating with the countries along OBOR on studying knowledge graph techniques and applications will greatly promote the development of artificial intelligence. At the same time, the accumulated experience of China in developing knowledge graphs is also a good reference to develop non-English knowledge graphs. In this paper, we aim to introduce the techniques of constructing Chinese knowledge graphs and their applications, as well as analyse the impact of knowledge graph on OBOR. We first describe the background of OBOR, and then introduce the concept and development history of knowledge graph and typical Chinese knowledge graphs. Afterwards, we present the details of techniques for constructing Chinese knowledge graphs, and demonstrate several applications of Chinese knowledge graphs. Finally, we list some examples to explain the potential impacts of knowledge graph on OBOR.

Control of flexible manipulators: A survey

Robotica ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Benosman ◽  
G. Le Vey
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Complex Models ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Flexible Arms

A survey of the field of control for flexible multi-link robots is presented. This research area has drawn great attention during the last two decades, and seems to be somewhat less “attractive” now, due to the many satisfactory results already obtained, but also because of the complex nature of the remaining open problems. Thus it seems that the time has come to try to deliver a sort of “state of the art” on this subject, although an exhaustive one is out of scope here, because of the great amount of publications. Instead, we survey the most salient progresses – in our opinion – approximately during the last decade, that are representative of the essential different ideas in the field. We proceed along with the exposition of material coming from about 119 included references. We do not pretend to deeply present each of the methods quoted hereafter; however, our goal is to briefly introduce most of the existing methods and to refer the interested reader to more detailed presentations for each scheme. To begin with, a now well-established classification of the flexible arms control goals is given. It is followed by a presentation of different control strategies, indicating in each case whether the approach deals with the one-link case, which can be successfully treated via linear models, or with the multi-link case which necessitates nonlinear, more complex, models. Some possible issues for future research are given in conclusion.

Diversity and Harmonisation. Trends and Challenges in European Health Law

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Hartlev
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
The Other ◽  
Health Law ◽  
European Level ◽  
Patients Rights ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
European Health ◽  
The One ◽  
Fundamental Values

AbstractEuropean countries share a number of fundamental values and ideas, but when it comes to the organisation of health care sectors and attitudes to basic patients’ rights, there are also vast differences. Consequently, at the European level health law has to balance between the aspiration for uniformity and universal respect for fundamental rights on the one hand, and acceptance of national diversity on the other. The aim of the article is to characterise European health law in terms of both divergence and harmonisation, and to explore the tension between these two features in light of current trends and challenges.

scholarly journals Government by Algorithm: Artificial Intelligence in Federal Administrative Agencies, a Case of USA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Rubina Shaheen ◽  
Mir Kasi
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Workplace Health ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Administrative Agencies ◽  
Conventional Machine ◽  
The Government

The report gives a presents use of artificial intelligence in few administrative agencies. In-depth thematic analysis of some institution, have been conducted to review the current trends. In thematic analysis, 12 institutions have been selected and described the details of the institutions using artificial intelligence in different departments. These analyses yielded five major findings. First, the government has a wide application of Artificial Intelligence toolkit traversing the federal administrative and state. Almost half of the federal agencies evaluated (45%) has used AI and associated machine learning (ML) tools. Also, AI tools are already enhancing agency strategies in  the full span of governance responsibilities, such as keeping regulatory assignments bordering on market efficiency, safety in workplace, health care, and protection of the environmental, protecting the privileges and benefits of the government ranging from intellectual properties to disability, accessing, verifying and analyzing all risks to public  safety and health, Extracting essential data from the data stream of government including complaints by consumer and the communicating with citizens on their rights, welfare, asylum seeking and business ownership. AI toolkit owned by government span the complete scope of Artificial Intelligence techniques, ranging from conventional machine learning to deep learning including natural language and image data. Irrespective of huge acceptance of AI, much still has to be done in this area by the government. Recommendations also discussed at the end.

scholarly journals El sesgo de la máquina en la toma de decisiones en el proceso penal.

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-71
Author(s):  
Raquel Borges Blázquez
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Criminal Process ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Intelligent Machines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
Legal Thinking ◽  
The One

Artificial intelligence has countless advantages in our lives. On the one hand, computer’s capacity to store and connect data is far superior to human capacity. On the other hand, its “intelligence” also involves deep ethical problems that the law must respond to. I say “intelligence” because nowadays machines are not intelligent. Machines only use the data that a human being has previously offered as true. The truth is relative and the data will have the same biases and prejudices as the human who programs the machine. In other words, machines will be racist, sexist and classist if their programmers are. Furthermore, we are facing a new problem: the difficulty to understand the algorithm of those who apply the law.This situation forces us to rethink the criminal process, including artificial intelligence and spinning very thinly indicating how, when, why and under what assumptions we can make use of artificial intelligence and, above all, who is going to program it. At the end of the day, as Silvia Barona indicates, perhaps the question should be: who is going to control global legal thinking?

scholarly journals The Legal Aspects of Artificial Intelligence based on the EU Experience

Law and World ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Legal Questions ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Clear Vision ◽  
Routine Tasks ◽  
The One ◽  
The Eu

In the digital era, technological advances have brought innovative opportunities. Artificial intelligence is a real instrument to provide automatic routine tasks in different fields (healthcare, education, the justice system, foreign and security policies, etc.). AI is evolving very fast. More precisely, robots as re-programmable multi-purpose devices designed for the handling of materials and tools for the processing of parts or specialized devices utilizing varying programmed movements to complete a variety of tasks.1 Regardless of opportunities, artificial intelligence may pose some risks and challenges for us. Because of the nature of AI ethical and legal questions can be pondered especially in terms of protecting human rights. The power of artificial intelligence means using it more effectively in the process of analyzing big data than a human being. On the one hand, it causes loss of traditional jobs and, on the other hand, it promotes the creation of digital equivalents of workers with automatic routine task capabilities. “Artificial intelligence must serve people, and therefore artificial intelligence must always comply with people’s rights,” said Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission.2 The EU has a clear vision of the development of the legal framework for AI. In the light of the above, the article aims to explore the legal aspects of artificial intelligence based on the European experience. Furthermore, it is essential in the context of Georgia’s European integration. Analyzing legal approaches of the EU will promote an approximation of the Georgian legislation to the EU standards in this field. Also, it will facilitate to define AI’s role in the effective digital transformation of public and private sectors in Georgia.

scholarly journals The Role of Crisis Prevention from the Perspective of the Biggest Polish Companies and Public Relations Agencies on the Basis of Expert Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-130
Author(s):  
Dariusz Tworzydło ◽  
Przemysław Szuba
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Point Model ◽  
Communication Management ◽  
Crisis Prevention ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Business Survey ◽  
The One

Summary The article constitutes a presentation of the results of research devoted to the current trends in crisis PR. The authors of the work made an attempt to diagnose crisis prevention in a cross-section of two dimensions. On the one hand the perspective of business (survey of companies) was presented and on the other hand experts’ opinions (survey of the leaders of public relations agencies) were shown. As a result of analyses a point model of an immune system, which takes into consideration the key instruments of crisis methodology (developed procedures in form of communication management book, dedicated anti-crisis structures in an organization, crisis team with a fixed membership and a system of communication trainings) was designed. Diagnosis of prevention measures of the leaders of Polish business — based on the years 2007–2017 showed major deficiencies in the degree of companies’ preparation for the risk of crisis.

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