Logic and Foundations of Music Interpretation: Atonality–Tonality

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-288
Author(s):  
George Hadjinikos

Music can communicate between human beings across barriers of time and space because it emanates from the very origins of human existence. It expresses the totality of all aspects of human life. Hence music education should be of primary concern and availability to everyone, not simply the ‘musical’. Increasing specialisation and fragmentation has reduced music to either utilitarian service or mere entertainment (muzak), whilst music education habitually misses the faculty of communication. This is happening at a time when, amidst the mounting alienation of society, people hunger for communication. The exclusive pursuit of brilliance, itself alienating, has eclipsed the real purpose of music education – the recognition and cultivation of the human soul.

Author(s):  
Victor 'Tunji Taiwo

Communication is a vital aspect of human existence. It pervades man's existence and society, forming an integral part of human life. Communication is the means through which human beings express their feelings. Indigenous communication serves as the traditional means of conveying messages, all social and value exchanges of indigenous practice like the health practices. Traditional health practices include the use of knowledge skills, practices based on indigenous belief, experiences of culture used in maintenance of health-prevention, treatment and diagnosis in traditional health practices. This chapter examines and documents traditional health practices on how Yorùbás care for pregnancy, child delivery, and their babies. Such traditional health practices have existed since before the advent of modern health practices, thereby using indigenous communication for preservation and dissemination of valuable information that is significant for Yorùbá generations.


2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2 (252)) ◽  
pp. 70-85
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Rumianowska

The purpose of the article is to outline the problem of widely understood conflicts in human life from the perspective of existential philosophy. Without questioning the importance of psychological research on complex mechanisms underlying conflicts, the author points to the issue of the problematic nature of human existence, the category of freedom, the problem of the authenticity of being and the sense of meaning. In the second part of the paper, the essence of educational process in the context of experiencing difficulties and conflicting situations by human beings has been introduced. The necessity of taking into account the problem of being oneself and constituting a human being in relation to himself, the world and others has been presented.


Author(s):  
Alexander Noyon ◽  
Thomas Heidenreich

This chapter introduces five central concepts of existential philosophy in order to deduce ethical principles for psychotherapy: phenomenology, authenticity, paradoxes, isolation, and freedom vs. destiny. Phenomenological perspectives are useful as a guideline for how to encounter and understand patients in terms of individuality and uniqueness. Existential communication as a means to search and face the truth of one’s existence is considered as a valid basis for an authentic life. Paradoxes that cannot be solved are characteristic for human existence and should be dealt with to turn resignation into active choices. Isolation is one of the “existentials” characterizing human life between two paradox poles: On the one hand we are deeply in need of relationships to other human beings; on the other hand we are thrown into the world alone and will always stay like this, no matter how close we get to another person. Further, addressing freedom and destiny as two extremes of one dimension can serve as a basis for orientation in life and also for dealing with the separation between responsibility and guilt.


2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 03-08
Author(s):  
Derly Jardim do Amaral

It is believed that the current fast-paced growing globalization process has led people and organizations to think more carefully about the challenging of both economic and Professional survival as well as any other difficulties in their job markets. Due to this fact people and companies have forgotten the real reasons that stand for human life not only in personal but also in professional contexts.Based on the issue above this paper intends to discuss these paradigms and to purport others,which must be more suitable for human existence.


Dialogia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Nurul Hakim
Keyword(s):  
The Real ◽  

Abstract: The man carrying out his devotion to Allah SWT always harassed by demons. Devil is the enemy of Allah SWT. Indeed, the existence of Devil as the enemy of Allah SWT as well as humans. But who is the real devil? Do they belong to certain creature which are different from human beings, jinn, angels, animals and others?. Then, what is exactly interpretation of the devil in human life? This issue is very rarely discussed. The writer concludes that "Devil" is a genie. It also indicates that Allah has commanded angels andg genie to prostrate to Adam. These two creatures are commanded to prostrate. Thus, there is no  kinds of Devil, as human beings, angels, animals and others. The term "satan" is used when he "in action" interferes humans. While the term "devil" is used in normal circumstances. To avoid the temptations of the devil, the Qur'an offers a very wise solution that is to keep people following the instructions or teachings written in the Qur'an. In asking for guidance (hida>yah), scholars divided into two kinds, namely first, the guidance that the actor is the man himself and secondly, the guidance that the actor is God. These instructions are not only the ability to know the direction of the first guidance, but also the ability to perform it. ملخص:كان الناس في عبادة الله دائما سيواجهون الغرور من الإبليس. لا شك أن الإبليس عدو الله وعدو الناس. ولكن من هو الإبليس؟ هل هو مخلوق مثل البشر والجن والملائكة والحيوانات وغيرها؟  بخلاف ذلك، كيف حقيقة تفسير الإبليس في حياة الإنسان؟ وهذا لا يبحثة الباحثون. وخلص الكاتب أن " الإبليس" من الجن وهذا كما يشير فى البيان على أن الله أمر لأن يسجد الملائكة والجن إلى آدم. وأمر الله السجود إلا على هذين المخلوقين. ولهذا ليس هناك مخلوق يسمى بإبليس، كما كان البشر والملائكة والحيوانات وغيرها، وكان هناك إلا الجن. وهذا يختلف عن الشيطان لأن مصطلح  "الشيطان" يستخدم عندما "في الفعل" يعني حينما يوسوس البشر. وأما مصطلح "إبليس" يستخدم في الظروف العادية. وللاجتناب عن غرور إبليس، يقدم القرآن حلا بسيطا وهو أن يعمل الناس الإرشادات المكتوبة في القرآن الكريم. وينقسم العلماء إلى أمرين لطلب الهداية، أولا: الهداية التي هو من نفسه وثانيا، الهداية التي جاءت من عند الله. وهذه الهداية الثانية ليست مجرد القدرة على معرفة ما كما فى الهداية الأولى، ولكن أيضا القدرة على أداء الهداية التي ملكها. Abstrak: Manusia dalam menjalankan pengabdiannya kepada Allah SWT. selalu diganggu oleh iblis. Iblis merupakan musuh Allah SWT. Memang keberadaan Iblis sebagai musuh Allah SWT—demikian juga manusia—tidak diragukan lagi. Tetapi, terkait siapa sebenarnya iblis tersebut? Apakah ia merupakan makhluk tersendiri sebagaimana kemakhlukan manusia, jin, malaikat, hewan dan lain-lain?. Lain daripada itu, apa sebenarnya tafsir dari iblis dalam kehidupan manusia? Hal ini amat jarang disentuh oleh para akademisi. Penulis berkesimpulan bahwa yang disebut “Iblis” adalah golongan jin. Hal ini juga mengindikasikan bahwa yang diperintahkan oleh Allah SWT. untuk bersujud kepada Adam adalah malaikat dan jin. Kedua makhluk inilah yang mendapat perintah untuk bersujud. Dengan demikian, berarti tidak ada makhluk yang bernama Iblis, sebagaimana makhluk manusia, malaikat, hewan dan lain-lain. Yang ada adalah makhluk jin. Hal ini beda dengan syetan. Terma “setan” digunakan ketika ia “in action” mengganggu manusia. Sedangkan terma “iblis” digunakan dalam keadaan biasa (normal). Untuk menghindari godaan iblis, al-Qur’an menawarkan solusi yang sangat bijaksana yaitu agar manusia mengikuti petunjuk atau ajaran yang tertulis dalam al-Qur’an. Dalam memohon petunjuk (hida>yah), ulama membagi menjadi dua, yaitu pertama, petunjuk yang pelakunya adalah manusia itu sendiri dan kedua, petunjuk yang pelakunya adalah Tuhan. Petunjuk ini tidak sekadar kemampuan untuk mengetahui arah seperti petunjuk pertama, tetapi sekaligus kemampuan untuk melaksanakan isyarat-isyarat yang dimiliki. Kata Kunci: Iblis, the Qur'a>n, Manusia, Hida>yah.     


2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Donatus Ara Kian ◽  
Robertus M. Rayawulan ◽  
Yuliana Mberu ◽  
Budhi B. Lily

Abstract: The essence of human existence depends on the environment and fellow humans. The activity of human life takes place in space and to show its existence human beings always create space, so that there is a process of human settlement in a certain place. The culture of settling in the people of East Nusa Tenggara creates certain patterned settlements. The phenomenon of living culture-based occurs in the Sikka community. Space philosophy emerged in the process of building houses and villages in the Sikka community. This paper presents the meaning of space in the culture of the settlements of the Sikka community. Research carried out with a qualitative paradigm, presented descriptively and associated with relevant literature. As a result, the culture settled and built the residence of the tribes within the village (Wisung-wagang), kampung, magical concepts (Lero and kala), and Amerta were closely related to the concepts and meaning of space according to the culture of the Sikka community.Keywords:space, culture, house, Sikka communityAbstrak: Hakekat keberadaan manusia bergantung pada lingkungan dan sesama manusia. Aktivitas kehidupan manusia berlangsung dalam ruang dan untuk menunjukkan eksistensinya manusia selalu menciptakan ruang, sehingga terjadi proses bermukim manusia pada tempat tertentu. Budaya bermukim pada masyarakat Nusa Tenggara Timur menciptakan permukiman berpola tertentu. Fenomena bermukim berbasis budaya terjadi di kalangan masyarakat Sikka. Filosofi ruang muncul pada proses pembangunan rumah maupun kampung di kalangan masyarakat Sikka. Tulisan ini memaparkan makna ruang dalam budaya bermukim masyarakat Sikka. Penelitian dilakukan dengan paradigma kualitatif, disajikan secara deskriptif dan dikaitkan dengan pustaka yang relevan. Hasilnya, budaya bermukim dan membangun tempat kediaman suku-suku dalam kampung (Wisung-wagang), kampung, konsep magis (Lero dan kala), dan Amerta berkaitan erat dengan konsep dan makna ruang menurut budaya masyarakat SikkaKata kunci; ruang, budaya, rumah, masyarakat Sikka


Author(s):  
George Hefferman

In The Crisis of the European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology (1936), Husserl expands his philosophical horizon to include the question about the genuine meaning of human existence. Understanding the crisis of the European sciences as a symptom of the crisis of European philosophy and as an expression of the life-crisis of European humanity, and interpreting European science, philosophy, and humanity as representative of their global-historical counterparts, Husserl argues that the life-crisis of European humanity is reflective of the critical condition of global-historical humanity. The crisis of “European” life emerges as a crisis of human existence, and Husserl’s phenomenology unfolds as a search for an answer to the question not only about the sense of the life-world but also about the meaning of human life. Thus phenomenology, as care for humanity, shares with existentialism, as a humanism in the broadest sense, the conviction that human beings live in a world not in which life makes sense, but in which they must make sense of life. Accordingly, the genuine essence of human existence is not passively “given” but actively “taken,” since it involves an entelechy that constitutes itself in an evolutionary achievement, and it is the evidentiary result of an existential struggle for meaning against annihilating forms of meaninglessness, namely, irrationalism, positivism, and skepticism. This paper examines Husserl’s hermeneutical-historical approach to the question about the meaning of human existence and suggests an understanding of phenomenology as a form of humanism, and perhaps even as a unique kind of “existentialism,” that is, an ethical philosophy that takes absolute moral responsibility for the presuppositionless application of reason to life.En La crisis e las ciencias europeas y la fenomenología trascendental (1936), Husserl expande su horizonte filosófico a fin de incluir en él la pregunta por el auténtico sentido de la existencia humana. Al entender la crisis de las ciencias europeas como un síntoma de la crisis de la filosofía europea y como una expresión de la crisis vital de la humanidad europea, y al interpretar la ciencia, la filosofía y la humanidad europeas como representativas de sus contrapartes históricas y globales, Husserl argumenta que la crisis vital de la humanidad europea refleja la condición crítica en que se encuentra la humanidad en perspectiva histórica global. La crisis de la vida “europea” emerge como una crisis de la existencia humana, y la fenomenología de Husserl se despliega como la búsqueda de una respuesta a la cuestión no sólo del sentido del mundo de la vida, sino también del significado de la vida humana. La fe-nomenología, como cuidado de la humanidad, comparte con el existencialismo, entendido como un humanismo en el sentido más amplio, la convicción de que los seres humanos viven en un mundo en el cual no es que la vida tenga sentido sino que ellos deben dar sentido a la vida. En consonancia, la auténtica esencia de la existencia humana no está pasivamente “dada” sino que es activamente “tomada”, ya que ella envuelve una entelequia que se constituye en una realización evolutiva, y que es el resultado evidenciador de un combate existencial por el significado contra las formas de sinsentido que son aniquiladoras, a saber: irracionalismo, positivismo y escepticismo. Este ensayo examina la aproximación histórico-hermenéutica de Husserl a la cuestión del significado de la existencia humana, y sugiere una comprensión de la fenomenología como una forma de humanismo, y quizá incluso como un tipo único de existencialismo; esto es, como una filosofía ética que asume una responsabilidad moral absoluta en la aplicación sin presupuestos de la razón a la vida.


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Fadlil Munawwar Manshur

Manâzilus-Sâ`irîn ilâ al-Haqqil-Mubîn is a literary work of tasawuf which contains 100 steps of climbing to the pleasure of Allah which must be passed by man to seek His pleasure. The 100 maqâmât is divided into ten levels, each level there are ten maqam, and each maqam has their own meanings and functions. For the purposes of this study, only 20 ladders were studied due to space and time constraints. The problem in this research is how the researchers interpret and analyze the 20 steps of climbing based on the perspective of Sufism. The theory used in this research is the Islamic literary theory Taufiq Al-Hakim model that says that Islamic literature comes from Allah, dimension of worship, and mission of Islamic da'wah. Islamic literature comes from God because God is the source of all sources. The method of analysis used in this research is tasawuf method and moral method. The tasawuf method is directed at how the reader expresses the elements of the formal object contained in material objects to hone and educate the human soul and heart in worshiping God and in associating with fellow human beings. The moral method is oriented on how literature regulates human experience and assesses the extent to which experience affects its activities, namely the literary activity that produces Islamic literary works containing contents of Sufism that are suitable for the guidance of human life. The superiority of this book is also seen in the unique writing techniques because the author is able to integrate the verses of the Qur'an with his imagination so that this book of tasawuf looks strong from the way of processing the substance and from the side of the moral message. Thus, the teachings of Sufism in this book become more practical and easier to understand by the reader


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Zainul Mahmudi

<p>Along with the advancement of human civilization, conversations concerning human rights issues will not subside in time, because the parameters of a civilized nation is if a civilization has been able to put people in proportion, can "humanize" humans. Human rights are of the utmost importance, because human beings can be real human beings if their basic rights are fulfilled and guaranteed after fulfilling their obligations. The denial of human rights implies the denial of human existence which Allah says is used as khalifah fil al ardh. In order to support the universality of Islam and the position of Islam as rahmatan Iil Alamin, the Koran regulates all aspects of human life in all its deeds, both the deeds of the heart and the physical deeds, whether in relation to the faith, ethics, and practical both governing relationships between individuals and individuals, with society, individuals with the state, individuals with the environment, and individuals with their God.</p><p> </p><p>Seiring dengan kemajuan peradaban manusia, perbincangan yang menyangkut permasalahan hak asasi manusia tidak akan surut tertelan zaman, karena parameter suatu bangsa yang beradab adalah apabila suatu peradaban telah dapat mendudukkan manusia secara proporsional, bisa "memanusiakan" manusia. Hak asasi manusia menjadi sangat penting, karena manusia bisa menjadi manusia yang sebenamya apabila hak asasinya telah terpenuhi dan terjamin setelah menunaikan kewajibannya. Pengingkaran terhadap hak asasi manusia berarti pengingkaran terhadap eksistensi manusia yang kata Allah dijadikan sebagai <em>khalifah fil al ardh.</em> Dalam rangka mendukung universalitas Islam dan posisi Islam sebagai rahmatan Iil Alamin, Quran mengatur semua aspek kehidupan manusia dalam segala perbuatannya, baik perbuatan hati maupun perbuatan fisik, baik yang berkenaan dengan itikad, etika, maupun praktis, baik yang mengatur hubungan antar individu dengan individu, dengan masyarakat, individu dengan negara, individu dengan lingkungan, maupun individu dengan Tuhannya.</p><p> </p><p> </p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Mehmet Sebih Oruç

The importance of communications on social change increasingly recognized in both academic and popular works. Te effect and presence of communications are felt in all aspects of human life and these tools are usually considered to have signifcant effects on human activities in the social, political and cultural spheres. Harold A. Innis is one of the frst scholar who studied and paid attention to that aspect of communications and came with one of the most original and provocative theory about media and communication systems. Innis’s theoretical legacy is particularly important nowadays as the use of these tools in life is increasing. However, there is not even one single article devoted to present his opinion in Turkish and this is an important missing part for the literature. Innis examined the communication tools on the basis of their relation with time and space. He examined them under two main categories: time-bias communications and space bias communications. He tried to understand what these communications mean today and what they have meant for civilizations throughout history. According to him, the means of communication have many cognitive and social effects and the history of civilization can only be understood when these effects are taken into account. In this article, his theories about technologies, communications and social change will be discussed and evaluated. In this context, the article has two main aims. First, to examine Innis’s works and his Teory in the context of his time. Second, to shortly summarize how communications affect society and human beings by giving some historical and contemporary examples. Te article argues that communications are incrisingly becoming both time and space bieas and thus it becomes difficult to understand their effect. Tat recuires more feld work to see all dimentions of the changes they cause.


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