Life, Liberty, and Property

1984 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Specific Form ◽  
Free Society ◽  
Common Root ◽  
History Of Political Thought ◽  
Basic Difference ◽  
Political Position ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Ideal

The words “liberty” and “liberalism” have a common root, reflecting the commitment of the original or classical liberals to a free society. Over the last century, the latter term has come to represent a political position that is willing to sacrifice liberty in the economic realm for the sake of equality and/or collective welfare. As a consequence, those who wish to reaffirm the classical version of liberalism – those who advocate liberty in economic as well as personal and intellectual matters – have invented a new word from the old root; they call themselves libertarians. Both in doctrine and in etymology, then, partisans of this view define themselves by their allegiance to liberty. Yet they spend most of their day-to-day polemical energies defending property rights and the economic system of laissez-faire capitalism that is based upon such rights. Evidently there is a strong link between liberty and property at work here. What is that link?The history of political thought is full of ideas and controversies about precisely this question. My goal here is to raise the question in a specific form, one that I think captures a basic difference in approach between classical liberals and most libertarians today. The difference is not in the substance of the position – it is not a disagreement about how the ideal society would be constituted – but rather in the way the position is to be defended. The key question is: can the right to property be derived from the right to liberty?Of course a property right is a right to kind of freedom.

scholarly journals Reorientasi Gerakan Feminisme Islam; Sebuah Upaya Membangun Kesetaraan Perempuan

FIKROTUNA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ABD WARITS
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Arbitrary Action

In the history of women's life, the woman has never cracked from the wild cry of helplessness. Woman always become victim of men’s egoism, marginalized, hurt, unfettered, fooled and never appreciated the presence and role. This situation troubles many intellectual Muslims who have perspective that Islam teaches equality, equality for all human beings in the world. The difference in skin color, race, tribe and nation, as well as gender does not cause them to get the status of the different rights and obligations. The potential and the right to life of every human being and the obligation to serve the Lord Almighty is the same. Indeed, all human beings, as caliph in the world, have the same obligation, namely to prosperity of life in the world. No one is allowed to act arbitrarily, destroying, or hurt among others. They are required to live side by side, united, and harmonious, help each other and respect each other. However, that "demand" never becomes a reality. The differences among human identities become a barrier and the cause of divisions. For them, those who are outside environment, different identities are "others" who rightly do not need them "know". The difference of identity has become a reason to allow "hurt" each other. Several intellectual Muslims who recognize the wrong (discrimination against women), and then they attempt to formulate a movement for women's liberation. All the efforts have been done on the basis of awareness that arbitrary action by any person can never be justified. They also realize, that the backwardness of women are "stumbling block" that will lead to the resignation of a civilization. However, this struggle found a lot of challenges; including the consideration of "insubordination" to conquer the power of men, despite it had done by using many strategies. Starting from the writing of scientific book and countless fiction themed women has been published in order to give awareness of equality between men and women. This paper seeks to reexamine the process of the empowerment struggle to give a brand new concept, so that the struggle of women empowerment is not as insubordination and curiosity process in an attempt to conquer the male. Through approach of literature review and observations on the relationship between men and women, the writer finally concluded that the movement of Islamic feminism is not a movement to seize the power of men, but an attempt to liberate women from oppression so that they get the rights of their social role, giving freedom for women to pursue a career as wide as possible like a man, without forgetting a main duty as a mother: to conceive, give birth and breastfeed their children.

Extradural spinal angiolipoma associated with bone lysis in a dog

1998 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
U Reif ◽  
CT Lowrie ◽  
SD Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Spinal Tumor ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bone Lysis ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

An extradural spinal tumor was diagnosed in a 12-year-old Labrador retriever that was presented with a one-week history of paraparesis. Myelography indicated a deviation of the spinal cord to the right side at the level of the second lumbar (L2) vertebra. The difference in length measuring the left and right sides of the L2 vertebra suggested a fracture of the vertebral body. Severe bone remodeling and an extradural mass were seen on computed tomography (CT). Clinical, radiographical, and histological findings are described and considered homologous to extradural angiolipomas described in the human literature.

scholarly journals Ajmaline‐Induced Abnormalities in Brugada Syndrome: Evaluation With ECG Imaging

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Pannone ◽  
Cinzia Monaco ◽  
Antonio Sorgente ◽  
Pasquale Vergara ◽  
Paul‐Adrian Calburean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brugada Syndrome ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Electrocardiographic Imaging ◽  
Mapping System ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
Noninvasive Mapping ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

Background The rate of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in Brugada syndrome (BrS) is ≈1%/y. Noninvasive electrocardiographic imaging is a noninvasive mapping system that has a role in assessing BrS depolarization and repolarization abnormalities. This study aimed to analyze electrocardiographic imaging parameters during ajmaline test (AJT). Methods and Results All consecutive epicardial maps of the right ventricle outflow tract (RVOT‐EPI) in BrS with CardioInsight were retrospectively analyzed. (1) RVOT‐EPI activation time (RVOT‐AT); (2) RVOT‐EPI recovery time, and (3) RVOT‐EPI activation‐recovery interval (RVOT‐ARI) were calculated. ∆RVOT‐AT, ∆RVOT‐EPI recovery time, and ∆RVOT‐ARI were defined as the difference in parameters before and after AJT. SCD‐BrS patients were defined as individuals presenting a history of aborted SCD. Thirty‐nine patients with BrS were retrospectively analyzed and 12 patients (30.8%) were SCD‐BrS. After AJT, an increase in both RVOT‐AT [105.9 milliseconds versus 65.8 milliseconds, P <0.001] and RVOT‐EPI recovery time [403.4 milliseconds versus 365.7 milliseconds, P <0.001] was observed. No changes occurred in RVOT‐ARI [297.5 milliseconds versus 299.9 milliseconds, P =0.7]. Before AJT no differences were observed between SCD‐BrS and non SCD‐BrS in RVOT‐AT, RVOT‐EPI recovery time, and RVOT‐ARI ( P =0.9, P =0.91, P =0.86, respectively). Following AJT, SCD‐BrS patients showed higher RVOT‐AT, higher ∆RVOT‐AT, lower RVOT‐ARI, and lower ∆RVOT‐ARI ( P <0.001, P <0.001, P =0.007, P =0.002, respectively). At the univariate logistic regression, predictors of SCD‐BrS were the following: RVOT‐AT after AJT (specificity: 0.74, sensitivity 1.00, area under the curve 0.92); ∆RVOT‐AT (specificity: 0.74, sensitivity 0.92, area under the curve 0.86); RVOT‐ARI after AJT (specificity 0.96, sensitivity 0.58, area under the curve 0.79), and ∆RVOT‐ARI (specificity 0.85, sensitivity 0.67, area under the curve 0.76). Conclusions Noninvasive electrocardiographic imaging can be useful in evaluating the results of AJT in BrS.

On the Difference Between a Pupil and a Historian of Ideas

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Edward Green
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Proper Place ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Philosophical Texts ◽  
Cambridge School ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract This essay takes up the fundamental question of the proper place of history in the study of political thought through critical engagement with Mark Bevir’s seminal work, The Logic of the History of Ideas. While I accept the claim of Bevir, as well as of other exponents of the so-called “Cambridge School,” that there is a conceptual difference between historical and non-historical modes of reading past works of political philosophy, I resist the suggestion that this conceptual differentiation itself justifies the specialization, among practicing intellectuals, between historians of ideas and others who read political-philosophical texts non-historically. Over and against the figure of the historian of ideas, who interprets political thought only in the manner of a historian, I defend the ideal of the pupil, who in studying past traditions of political thought also seeks to extend and modify them in light of contemporary problems and concerns. Against Bevir, I argue that the mixture of historical and non-historical modes of learning, in the manner of the pupil, need not do damage to the historian of ideas’ commitment to scholarship that is non-anachronistic, objective, and non-indeterminate.

scholarly journals A Case Report: A 37 Years-old Women with Takayasu Arteritis

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Shakib H. Sheikh ◽  
Arti Raut ◽  
Savita Pohekar ◽  
Dipali Ghungrud ◽  
Swapna Morey
Keyword(s):  
Takayasu Arteritis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Lower Segment Caesarean Section ◽  
Disease Condition ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
The Right ◽  
Physical Findings

Background: A rarity of form of vasculitis, also known as TAK, induces inflammation in the walls of the major arteries in the body: the aorta and its main branches. The disease results from a body attack and inflammation of the walls of the arteries caused by the body's own immune system. Case Presentation: A 37-years-old women had complaints of fever, giddiness, weakness of right upper limb and lower limb since1 day. After undergoing whole blood count, liver function examination, renal and MRI function checks, CT scan, angiography, etc. was studied. She was diagnosed with takayasu arteritis.  She had past medical history of neck pain and numbness since January 2020. For these complaints her family members referred her in private hospital. There is no significant history of surgery in present, lower segment caesarean section and piles operation was done previously. Physical findings were normal except the Glasgow Coma Scale score was 11 that is, patient  was semi-conscious, In General appearance patient activity was dull and weak due disease condition, Patient’s all routine investigations were normal except few like Total WBC count was increased (21,500cell /cm) due to increased infection, Granulocytes were increased  that is 75 % due to infection and autoimmune disease, ESR was increased  that is52mm/h. Angiography showed block in the right common carotid artery, MRI- showed Acute infract in left fronto  temporo parietal region involving insular par ventricular white matter,  absent flow in distal M1 segment of MCA. Conclusion: The most frequently involved arteries and the angiographic trends in this Takayasu Arteritis study were subclavian arteries and carotid arteries. The difference between angiographic characteristics may lead to clinical differences. Operations and surgery should be carried out at various points in the course of the disease.

Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Liberalism

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Weinstein
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
John Rawls ◽  
John Locke ◽  
Value Pluralism ◽  
History Of Political Thought ◽  
Linguistic Turn ◽  
Classical Utilitarianism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
The Right

Anglo-American political theory, especially contemporary analytical liberalism, has become too self-referential and consequently insufficiently attentive to its own variegated past. Some analytical liberals fret about whether the good or the right should have priority, while others agonize about whether liberalism is compatible with value pluralism and with multiculturalism. Too many contemporary analytical liberals see liberalism as beginning with Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, as next reformulated classically by John Stuart Mill, and then as receding into the wilderness of mere history of political thought thanks to the linguistic turn and the vogue of emotivism before being resurrected so magnificently by John Rawls. The Rawlsian liberal tradition severely marginalizes new liberals and idealists such as T. H. Green, Bernard Bosanquet, L. T. Hobhouse, D. G. Ritchie, and J. A. Hobson. New liberals and idealists alike wrote highly original political philosophy, parts of which contemporary liberals have repeated inadvertently with false novelty. In Rawls's view, classical utilitarianism improved intuitionism by systematizing it but by sacrificing its liberal credentials.

Joseph de Maistre and the Reaction Against the Eighteenth Century

1961 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisha Greifer
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Past Century ◽  
History Of Political Thought ◽  
French Politics ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Split Personality ◽  
The Right

It is a commonplace observation of French politics of the past century that men who started out as radicals turned conservative as they grew older, and that party groups launched with radical names and programs, though they kept the names, swung to the Right with the passage of time. In both cases we explain the transformation, in part at least, as evidence of an increasing satisfaction with the status quo, as the political system made room for the newcomer. In Joseph de Maistre we have an example from a somewhat earlier age of a less common phenomenon, the conservative turned reactionary, and impelled, moreover, to develop a systematic justification of his new position. Evidently, no parallel explanation will serve to account for this change, for Maistre, though he found a place for himself in the public life of his time, grew increasingly dissatisfied with the trend of events around him. It will not do, either, to dismiss him—in the manner of the orthodox tradition in the history of political thought—as an authoritarian ogre, or an irrationalist, or simply as a confused man, a split personality with humanitarian impulses and reactionary ideas. There was no inconsistency in this combination. Rather the explanation must be sought in the political situation of his day as he saw it, and in his concern for the perennial problem of political obligation. The positions that concern led him to take, his rationalizations of them, and the difficulties they landed him in, are the subject of this article.

scholarly journals Legal state and «state of the truth» in the works of M.V. Shakhmatov

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-309
Author(s):  
Vladimir Yuryevich Bystryukov
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
History Of Christianity ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Right ◽  
Characteristics Development ◽  
The Ideal

In the early 1920s, the Eurasian movement emerged in the Russian emigration. Its representatives tried to explain the causes of the Russian revolution, re-evaluating the historical path of the country and its cultural characteristics development. In the first half of the 1920s, the movement loudly declared itself and quickly gained popularity among the Russian intelligentsia. Its leaders began to attract new authors for publication in Eurasian publications, including Mstislav Vyacheslavovich Shakhmatov, a graduate of the law faculty of St. Petersburg University. He published only two articles in Eurasian publications. However, its role and importance in the Eurasian movement in modern historiography is estimated differently: from being ranked among the founders of Eurasianism to denying any significant role in its history. M.V. Shakhmatov considered the features of the ideal state doctrine of the old Russian principalities and the Moscow Kingdom based on Chronicles and other works of ancient Russian script in his works published in the Eurasian Periodicals. M.V. Shakhmatov thought that the right to the content was super-conscious and followed from religious premises, from the truth of God. Ancient people spread these ideals to the area of state-legal phenomena. In his opinion, the state set three main tasks: the protection of Orthodoxy, the establishment of the truth on earth and protection of the physical existence of the people. The idea of podvigopolozhnichestvo of the Supreme power of the early history of Christianity came from Byzantium. M.V. Shakhmatov noted that the political reality of the life of the old Russian principalities and council cities was very different from the ideals laid down in the chronicles and other works of ancient Russian script. However, the ideal of the state of the truth is remained in the works of Slavophiles, F.M. Dostoevsky, P.I. Novgorodtsev, and individual manifestations in the practice of the Russian Empire.

scholarly journals Theoretical foundations for strengthening the authority of the judiciary power in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Nazar HDANSKYI
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
English Language ◽  
Judicial Reform ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
History Of ◽  
Reform Processes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

Introduction. The term "authority of the judiciary" appears in a significant number of legal acts throughout the history of Independent Ukraine. The meaning of this concept differs in domestic and English-language sources due to the difference in interpretation of the term "authority". The authority of the judiciary is recognized by scholars as one of its features or properties, and there are also strong links with other features, including independence. At the same time, due to the lack of legislative enshrinement of the concept, there is a blurring of the conceptual and categorical apparatus, in particular, ambiguity in the works of various authors on the interpretation of "authority of the judiciary", "authority of justice", "authority of judge", etc. Despite the importance of the issue of the authority of the judiciary, it remains virtually unexplored, and regulations on "strengthening" or "undermining" the authority of the judiciary or justice do not have a proper theoretical and methodological justification. The purpose of the paper is to generalize the theoretical foundations of strengthening the authority of the judiciary in Ukraine. Results. The paper presents the results of a study of the theoretical foundations of strengthening the authority of the judiciary. The urgency of this problem is emphasized in view of the intensification of the processes of civil society development and European integration of Ukraine. Emphasis is placed on the broad representation of the relevant concept in regulatory sources in the absence of its definition. The limitations of research on the authority of the judiciary in modern works on jurisprudence are noted. Emphasis is placed on the dominance of the approach in modern jurisprudence, according to which the authority of the judiciary is formed on the basis of the authority of judges. The dynamic nature of the authority of the judiciary and the existence of a potential opportunity to monitor its level was noted. Author proposed a set of theoretical principles which can allow to form sound recommendations on strategic directions for strengthening the authority of the judiciary. Conclusion. The events of recent years have indicated the incompleteness of judicial reform processes in Ukraine. The expected increase in trust in the judiciary did not happen, which negatively affected its authority among the population and Ukraine's international partners. Finding ways to strengthen the authority of the judiciary is one of the important tasks in establishing the rule of law and ensuring strict observance of the right to a fair trial, which is a condition for Ukraine's European integration. According to the results of the study, a number of theoretical principles of strengthening the authority of the judiciary were summarized. A promising area of further research is the development of methodological aspects of strengthening the authority of the judiciary.

Intending war rightly: Right intentions, public intentions, and consent

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 634-653
Author(s):  
Eric Grynaviski
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Public Reason ◽  
Just War ◽  
Just War Theory ◽  
History Of Political Thought ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Normative Status

AbstractThis article defends the normative status of the right intentions requirement in just war theory. Before we turn to many ethical questions about a conflict – whether there was just cause or whether a war was fought well – we often begin by asking whether the war was rightly intended. Particularly in the contemporary world, where questions of humanitarian intentions and their place in international law is an important political issue, clarifying what we mean by right intentions and showing why they matter is politically very important. Unfortunately, despite the importance of right intentions in the history of political thought, recent discussions give the concept mixed attention, leaving it obscure and difficult to apply. The first section reviews four traditional accounts, showing their underlying (and important) differences and respective weaknesses. The second section of the article argues that these models fail because they are rooted in private instead of public reason. A model of right intentions as public intentions is described and justified, where an intention is only right when the motives that underlie it can be endorsed by the group it is supposed to aid, and the opportunities it provides that group are endorsable by the intervener.

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