Slope orientation enhances the nurse effect of a paramo shrub, Hypericum irazuense (Hypericaceae) in Costa Rica

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro G. Farji-Brener ◽  
Federico A. Chinchilla ◽  
Ainhoa Magrach ◽  
Víctor Romero ◽  
Marcos Ríos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Nurse Plant ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Nurse Plants ◽  
Nurse Effect ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Environmental Mitigation ◽  
Occurrence Of Species

The nurse effect is a positive interaction in which one plant (the nurse) provides conditions that enhance the establishment and growth of another plant species (Callaway 1995). Increased environmental severity appeared to increase the strength of nurse effects (Brooker et al. 2008, Lortie & Callaway 2006). On the one hand, the impact of the nurse effect depends on the magnitude of the environmental changes exerted by the nurse plant. On the other hand, the impact could depend on the number of plant species in the regional pool that respond to such changes. For example, better conditions beneath the crowns of nurse plants might allow the occurrence of species that are sensitive to environmental stress and that occur infrequently in open areas. Thus, if a nurse plant modulates environmental conditions that are critical for the persistence of other plant species, it seems likely that such nurse plants would have greater effects in stressful habitats, where they cause relatively larger environmental mitigation (Badano et al. 2006, Callaway et al. 2002).

scholarly journals Spatial variation in structural damage to a keystone plant species in the sub-Antarctic: interactions betweenAzorella selagoand invasive house mice

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethel E. Phiri ◽  
Melodie A. McGeoch ◽  
Steven L. Chown
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Marion Island ◽  
Nurse Plants ◽  
Cushion Plant ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Ecosystem Level ◽  
The Impact

AbstractOn Southern Ocean islands the effects of the house mouse on plants are not well understood. In particular, its influence at the landscape scale has largely been overlooked. To address this issue, we systematically mapped the distribution of a keystone, cushion plant species,Azorella selago, and mouse damage to it across Marion Island. Mouse damage was observed in a third of the sampled sites from sea level to 548 m a.s.l. Damage to individual cushions ranged from single burrows to the disintegration of entire cushions. Mouse damage was high in sites with lowA. selagodensity, suggesting that in areas of low cushion density the impact of mice may be substantial. Moreover, it is not simply direct impacts on theA. selagopopulation that are ecologically significant.Azorella selagocushions serve as nurse plants for many epiphyte species, so increasing the altitudinal range of a variety of them, and also house high densities of invertebrates especially in fellfield landscapes. In consequence, this study demonstrates that mice are having a significant, negative impact at the landscape scale on Marion Island, so adding to the growing list of species and ecosystem-level effects attributable to this invasive rodent.

scholarly journals Αξιολόγηση ποιοτικών χαρακτηριστικών βιολογικών και συμβατικών σπορόφυτων με τη μέθοδο της επίπλευσης

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Παναγιώτης Κανατάς
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Float system as a method of development of seedlings in organic agriculture is a relatively newone and it is characterized by profitability and sustainability. The two “key” factors thatdiscriminate the organic form the conventional float system nursery are the fertilization and plantprotection.The first series of experiments were focused on the effects of three substrates (mixture ofpeat-vermiculite in portions 2:1, 1:1 and 1:2) on the growth of tomato and lettuce. Theexperiments were conducted under the completely randomized experimental design. Resultsrevealed some significant differences between the plant species. In particular, in the case oforganically grown tomato, there were not any significant differences among the three substrates interms of root growth. The type of the substrate had a significant effect on the fresh weight ofseedlings, with the portion 1:1 showing the highest values. It has also to be noted that seedlingquality under the organic system was higher than the one of the conventional system, since itresulted to plants of smaller height, higher root growth and lower moisture content. Organicallyproduced seedlings of lettuce and tomato had higher root length and diameter than theconventionally grown ones, respectively.Effects of shading were also studied in both systems, organic and conventional. In bothsystems seedlings were grown under no (0%) and 30% shading. Several plants were tested(tomato, lettuce, basile, tobacco, minth, melon). In most cases, our results showed that shading didnot have any significant effect on the growth of seedlings. Above-ground part development washigher in the conventional float system, while organic production favoured root growth. In thecase of conventionally grown tomato, shading reduced root growth (p<0.05). In lettuce, leaf areaand root surface were significantly lower under shade in organic and conventional seedlings,respectively. In the other plant species, shading did not have any significant effect on root and leafarea.Regarding arbuscular fungi (AMF) colonization, this was higher in the organically grownplants, while the impact of shading was not significant. Concentration of the most trace elements(Fe, Zn, Mn) has not been affected by shading. The only exception was the negative effect ofshading on the concentration of Cu in the organic float system.For the evaluation of organic fertilization, three different fertilizers were studied: Fishfert,Rhizocyn, Fishfert and Rizocyn, while inorganic fertilization was also included. The resultsshowed that the growth characteristics of the biologically produced seedlings are similar to thoseof the conventional seedling where tomato, lettuce and melon tested.Some of the conclusions were:1. The process organic seedlings produced with float system was evaluated and found thatthe produced organic seedlings are comparable and in some cases better growth compared withconventional seedlings.2. The effect of shadowing (level studied) was not significant for most studied in thisresearch characteristics and clearly needs further investigation3. The fertilization of seedlings grown in organic hydroponic seedbed using fish remainssolutions did not undercut the lubricating algae residues and standard mineral fertilization.4. The type of the substrate supports the growth of plants in seed trays for organically orconventionally produced seedlings with the method of flotation with different ratio of peat-perlitemixture demonstrate the 1/1 as the most effective.This study demonstrates the feasibility of organic seedling production with float system, since inmany cases the development and qualitative characteristics of the produced seedlings did notundercut the corresponding conventional plant. Further investigation of the effect of differentagronomic practices and the evaluation of the method in the light of the growth and productivityof seedlings transplanted to field conditions.

The response of flowering time to global warming in a high-altitude plant: the impact of genetics and the environment

Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanne Brunet ◽  
Zachary Larson-Rabin
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Evolutionary Potential ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

In high-altitude habitats, an increase in temperature and greater precipitation in the form of rain represent climate changes typically associated with global warming. We determined whether phenotypic plasticity and genetic changes in the mean phenotype could affect the adaptation of flowering time to changes in the environment resulting from global warming in a montane plant species, Aquilegia coerulea James. We collected seeds from 17 plants from each of three natural populations. For each of these 51 families, we assigned 3–4 individuals to each of four water and temperature treatments. We observed phenotypic plasticity in flowering time in response to both temperature and water availability but no genetic variance or genetic differentiation in phenotypic plasticity. These results indicate that phenotypic plasticity could provide a quick response to environmental changes but provides little evolutionary potential. In contrast to phenotypic plasticity in flowering time, the mean flowering time did vary among families and among populations, suggesting a genetic basis to flowering time and adaptation in the different populations. The most likely scenario for the adaptation of this plant species to climate change is a rapid response via phenotypic plasticity followed by selection and micro-evolutionary changes in the mean phenotype.

scholarly journals Burnout in the stress system of aviation professionals

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-110
Author(s):  
A.V. Sechko
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Psychological Climate ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Stress System ◽  
Professional Stress ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The article describes the factors of professional stress in aviation, determined by advances in aviation construction against the background of planetary global economic, political and environmental changes. The development of technology in the aviation industry by the 1980s reached a level that minimized both the impact of aggressive environmental factors and the physical activity of those employed in aviation. Currently, the problems of companies' relations with personnel, caused by frequent downfalls of aircraft on the one hand and the growth of aviation traffic, the level of optimization of organizational structures on the other, come to the fore in this area. As a result, staff are forced to share jobs, receive training in time, be at risk of losing their jobs, or work to the limit. Vertical relations, in turn, affect the socio-psychological climate in the teams and the nature of the relationship of aviation specialists. Also of particular urgency is the problem of professional burnout of aviation specialists, exacerbating in the situation of the Covid-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Air Quality Monitoring for Vulnerable Groups in Residential Environments Using a Multiple Hazard Gas Detector

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujiao Wu ◽  
Taoping Liu ◽  
Sai Ling ◽  
Jan Szymanski ◽  
Wentian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Array ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Mixing Chamber ◽  
Gas Detector ◽  
Hazardous Gases ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents a smart “e-nose” device to monitor indoor hazardous air. Indoor hazardous odor is a threat for seniors, infants, children, pregnant women, disabled residents, and patients. To overcome the limitations of using existing non-intelligent, slow-responding, deficient gas sensors, we propose a novel artificial-intelligent-based multiple hazard gas detector (MHGD) system that is mounted on a motor vehicle-based robot which can be remotely controlled. First, we optimized the sensor array for the classification of three hazardous gases, including cigarette smoke, inflammable ethanol, and off-flavor from spoiled food, using an e-nose with a mixing chamber. The mixing chamber can prevent the impact of environmental changes. We compared the classification results of all combinations of sensors, and selected the one with the highest accuracy (98.88%) as the optimal sensor array for the MHGD. The optimal sensor array was then mounted on the MHGD to detect and classify the target gases without a mixing chamber but in a controlled environment. Finally, we tested the MHGD under these conditions, and achieved an acceptable accuracy (70.00%).

Gully Initiation on the Quartzite Ridges of Ibadan, South West, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olutoyin Fashae ◽  
Rotimi Obateru ◽  
Adeyemi Olusola
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Extensive Surface ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

&lt;p&gt;Gullies are morphological evidences that reflect the impact of environmental changes on landscape. In an attempt to emphasize the importance of topography on gully initiation and development in an area of uniform geology, this study examined the morphological characteristics of hillslope and the role of topographic mechanism in gully initiation on a quartzite terrain of Ibadan, South western Nigeria. Four prominent quartzite ridges exist in Ibadan namely Mokola, Mapo, Eleyele and Ojoo, each of which except the latter is characterized with significant gully systems. Field measurement was carried out to determine the gully morphological characteristics such as length, width, depth, area and depth of gully head, width/depth ratio, gully sinuosity and gully shape while Digital Elevation model (DEM) was used to examine the slope-area relationship. The slope-drainage area threshold was established for each of the gully systems. &amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The average gully density of the study area is 2.48km/km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; and the gully frequency is 9.72 gullies/km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. Although an investigation into the variation of the gully morphology and initiation show that human activities and vegetation are contributary factors to their development. However, topographic characteristics exhibit a dominant role in the gullying process. The ridges were observed to trend in NNW-SSE direction with slope angles ranging between 5&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt; and 30&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;. The inverse relationship derived between the topography and gully dimension (r = 0.462), suggested that gully initiation processes are dominant on gently sloping ridges due to extensive surface area on a deeply weathered regolith that enhances fluvial processes of material detachment on the one hand and anthropogenic conditions on the other hand. Thus, further geomorphological assessment of landform units in Ibadan is necessary with a view of identifying potential geomorphic risk prone areas, an essential component of risk management for dense urban areas of the tropics.&lt;/p&gt;

Differentiation of new coenomorph in context of the Belgard’s ecomorph system development

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Baranovski
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
System Development ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Tabular Form ◽  
Ecological Scales ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Levels

Nowadays, bioecological characteristics of species are the basis for flora and vegetation studying on the different levels. Bioecological characteristics of species is required in process of flora studying on the different levels such as biotopes or phytocenoses, floras of particular areas (floras of ecologically homogeneous habitats), and floras of certain territories. Ramensky scale is the one of first detailed ecological scales on plant species ordination in relation to various environmental factors; it developed in 1938 (Ramensky, 1971). A little later (1941), Pogrebnyak’s scale of forest stands was proposed. Ellenberg’s system developed in 1950 (Ellenberg, 1979) and Tsyganov’s system (Tsyganov, 1975) are best known as the systems of ecological scales on vascular plant species; these systems represent of habitat detection by ecotopic ecomorphs of plant species (phytoindication). Basically, the system proposed by Alexander Lyutsianovich Belgard was the one of first system of plant species that identiified ectomorphs in relation to environmental factors. As early as 1950, Belgard developed the tabulated system of ecomorphs using the Latin ecomorphs abbreviation; he also used the terminology proposed in the late 19th century by Dekandol (1956) and Warming (1903), as well as terminology of other authors. The article analyzes the features of Belgard’s system of ecomorphs on vascular plants. It has certain significance and advantages over other systems of ecomorphs. The use of abbreviated Latin names of ecomorphs in tabular form enables the use shortened form of ones. In the working scheme of Belgard’s system of ecomorphs relation of species to environmental factors are represented in the abbreviated Latin alphabetic version (Belgard, 1950). Combined into table, the ecomorphic analysis of plant species within association (ecological certification of species), biotope or area site (water area) gives an explicit pattern on ecological structure of flora within surveyed community, biotope or landscape, and on environmental conditions. Development and application by Belgrard the cenomorphs as «species’ adaptation to phytocenosis as a whole» were completely new in the development of systems of ecomorphs and, in this connection, different coenomorphs were distinguished. Like any concept, the system of ecomorphs by Belgard has the possibility and necessity to be developed and added. Long-time researches and analysis of literature sources allow to propose a new coenomorph in the context of Belgard’s system of ecomorphs development: silvomargoant (species of forest margin, from the Latin words margo – edge, boundary (Dvoretsky, 1976), margo – margin, ad margins silvarum – along the deciduous forest margins). As an example of ecomorphic characterization of species according to the system of ecomorphs by Belgard (when the abbreviated Latin ecomorph names are used in tabular form and the proposed cenomorph is used), it was given the part of the table on vascular plants ecomorphs in the National Nature Park «Orelsky» (Baranovsky et al). The Belgard’s system of ecomorphs is particularly convenient and can be successfully applied to data processing in the ecological analysis of the flora on wide areas with significant species richness, and the proposed ecomorph will be another necessary element in the Belgard’s system of ecomorphs. 

Static and Dynamic Studies of Gasoline in View of its Octane Number and its Toxic Effect

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 451-459
Author(s):  
Ashraf Yehia El-Naggar ◽  
Mohamed A. Ebiad
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Octane Number ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Hydrocarbon Composition ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Gasoline come primarily from petroleum cuts, it is the preferred liquid fuel in our lives. Two gasoline samples of octane numbers 91 and 95 from Saudi Arabia petrol stations were studied. This study was achieved at three different temperatures 20oC, 30oC and 50oC representing the change in temperatures of the different seasons of the year. Both the evaporated gases of light aromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX) of gasoline samples inside the tank were subjected to analyze qualitatively and quantitatively via capillary gas chromatography. The detailed hydrocarbon composition and the octane number of the studied gasoline samples were determined using detailed hydrocarbon analyzer. The idea of research is indicating the impact of light aromatic compounds in gasoline on the toxic effect of human and environment on the one hand, and on octane number of gasoline on the other hand. Although the value of octane number will be reduced but this will have a positive impact on the environment as a way to produce clean fuel.

The Development of Agritourism in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship in the Light of International and National Conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 244-261
Author(s):  
Mariola Tracz ◽  
Małgorzata Bajgier-Kowalska ◽  
Radosław Uliszak
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Current State ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Tourism Resources ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
District Offices ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Podkarpackie Voivodeship is one of the regions of Poland in which the number of agritourism entities is very high. Therefore tourism plays a significant role in its development strategy. The aim of the paper is to identify the current state of agritourism and the changes that have occurred in the region in the years 2000–2016. Specific objectives are to determine the distribution of agritourism farms and their offer, together with a comprehensive analysis of the environmental and socio-economic factors, as well as the impact of the Slovak-Ukrainian border. The report was developed on the statistical materials from the Polish Central Statistical Office, Podkarpackie Agricultural Advisory Centre in Boguchwała and data collected from municipalities and district offices that is published on their websites, as well as through interviews with 100 owners of agritourism farms in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship. The research has shown, on the one hand, the decline in the number of farms in the region and, on the other hand, the increase in the diversity of the tourist offer of these entities. Distribution of agritourism farms is closely linked to the attractiveness of natural environment and quality of secondary tourism resources. Traditional agritourism has not yet fully used its countryside, as well as cross-border advantages of its location.

Designing a CRM Framework for online & offline sports footwear retailers

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Cueva ◽  
Guillem Rufian ◽  
Maria Gabriela Valdes
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Running Shoes ◽  
Brick And Mortar ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Impact

The use of Customer Relationship Managers to foster customers loyalty has become one of the most common business strategies in the past years.  However, CRM solutions do not fill the abundance of happily ever-after relationships that business needs, and each client’s perception is different in the buying process.  Therefore, the experience must be precise, in order to extend the loyalty period of a customer as much as possible. One of the economic sectors in which CRM’s have improved this experience is retailing, where the personalized attention to the customer is a key factor.  However, brick and mortar experiences are not enough to be aware in how environmental changes could affect the industry trends in the long term.  A base unified theoretical framework must be taken into consideration, in order to develop an adaptable model for constructing or implementing CRMs into companies. Thanks to this approximation, the information is complemented, and the outcome will increment the quality in any Marketing/Sales initiative. The goal of this article is to explore the different factors grouped by three main domains within the impact of service quality, from a consumer’s perspective, in both on-line and off-line retailing sector.  Secondly, we plan to go a step further and extract base guidelines about previous analysis for designing CRM’s solutions focused on the loyalty of the customers for a specific retailing sector and its product: Sports Running Shoes.

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