Syllabus Design: An Overview of Theoretical Issues and Practical Implications

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 30-47
Author(s):  
Janice Yalden
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Course Design ◽  
The State ◽  
Curriculum Planning ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Standard Definition ◽  
Syllabus Design ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Theoretical Issues ◽  
Practical Implications

It is not a simple matter to determine the contours of syllabus design for second/foreign languages in the late 1980s. Definitions are disparate, the field diffuse. For example, in the abstracrs in Language Teaching over the last five years, the area which was traditionally thought of as syllabus design (cf., Shaw 1982:78) is treated under Theory and Principles, Curriculum Planning, Syllabus/Course Design, Materials Design, and even Teaching Methods. This is not surprising, for there is no longer a standard definition of syllabus Accordingly, I shall begin this survey of the state of syllabus design in the late 1980s with the question of definition, then look at the growing literature on syllabus types, their implementation and evaluation, and conclude with some notes on applications of theory.

The Traditional Definition of Pandemics, Its Moral Conflations, and Its Practical Implications: A Defense of Conceptual Clarity in Global Health Laws and Policies

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
THANA C. DE CAMPOS
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Standard Definition ◽  
Traditional Definition ◽  
Conceptual Clarity ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Laws ◽  
Practical Implications

AbstractThis paper argues that the existing definition of pandemics is not nuanced enough, because it is predicated solely on the criterion of spread, rather than on the criteria of spread and severity. This definitional challenge is what I call ‘the conflation problem’: there is a conflation of two different realities of global health, namely global health emergencies (i.e., severe communicable diseases that spread across borders) and nonemergencies (i.e., communicable or noncommunicable diseases that spread across borders and that may be severe). To put this argument forth, this paper begins by discussing the existing and internationally accepted definition of pandemics, its requirements, as well as its strengths (section 1). Section 2 then considers the problem with the standard definition of pandemics (i.e., the conflation problem) and some examples of it. Finally, section 3 evaluates some practical implications of the conflation problem to then explore conceptual clarity as the adequate solution.

Educating academic staff to reorient curricula in ESD

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Biasutti ◽  
Vassilios Makrakis ◽  
Eleonora Concina ◽  
Sara Frate
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Course Design ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Curriculum Planning ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Design Skills

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a professional development experience for higher education academic staff within the framework of an international Tempus project focused on reorienting university curricula to address sustainability. The project included revising curricula to phase sustainable development principles into university courses. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative approach was used to examine perceived professional development. Focus groups have been conducted with the academic staff who participated in the project. Findings The results provided evidence that revising their curricula offered the participants an opportunity to discuss different principles, teaching methods, didactic processes and practices in Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). Several strategies emerged during curricula revision such as a positive attitude towards meta-cognitive strategies and a goal-oriented approach to curriculum planning. Moreover, the project induced the academic staff to reconsider their teaching methods. Research limitations/implications The main limitation is the restricted generalisability of the findings, because of the small number of participants. Further research is needed to confirm the theoretical model that emerged. Implications of the results for professional development and the induction of change in academic staff are also discussed. Originality/value There is little information about training experiences for enhancing professional development in academic staff using ESD principles, and this study provides a starting point. According to the results, the project had an impact on the participants’ attitudes, teaching principles and methods, course design skills and assessment approaches.

scholarly journals BUSINESS TOURISM AS A PROSPECTIVE DIRECTION OF TOURISM ACTIVITY IN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
L. Prokopyshyn-Rashkevych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Business Travel ◽  
Travel Agents ◽  
Business Interests ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Tourism Activity ◽  
Business Events ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose. The purpose of this research is to reveal the concept of the “business travel” and improve its classification in accordance with certain areas; to analyze indicators of tourist activity, including the trends of business tourism in Ukraine; to identify the features of business tourism development in some regions of Ukraine. Design/methodology/approach. Such scientific theoretical research methods as analysis and synthesis, systematization and explanation have been used to understand the definition of “business tourism” and its classification in certain areas. Methods of comparative and statistical analysis were used to study changes in the structure of tourism and identify trends in business tourism in some regions of Ukraine. Findings. The hypothesis that business travel has the opportunity to be developed in some regions of Ukraine is proven. The tourist situation in Ukraine has been analyzed in accordance with the data of State Statistics Service and Administration of the State Border Guard Service. Having investigated the tendency of business tourism in some regions of Ukraine, it can be noticed an increase in the total number of business tourists, who used the services of tour operators and travel agents during the period 2017–2018. Odessa, Dnipro regions and Kyiv are the centers of different business events, meetings and business interests. There is big amount of already existing exhibitions, fairs and business events which attract both domestic and foreign tourists. Practical implications. The results of this research have practical implications. Some travel companies, located in Odessa, Dnipro regions and Kyiv can diversify their activity, adding business travel as a prospective direction. Also, the state should support business, especially during pandemic period, encouraging safe travel, promoting information to tourists, taking care of the country’s image at both regional and international level. Originality/value. Business travel is considered as a type of tourist activity, undertaken for solving business purposes and also includes cultural and entertainment programs. The main groups of participants in business travel are identified and the most dynamic segment of the business travel market is indicated. The distribution of foreign tourists related to various types of tourism activity is analyzed and the potential for business travel development in separate regions is defined.

scholarly journals As An Innovative Factor Of Trade Cluster Concept And Its Theoretical Issues

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (07) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mamayunus Karshibaevich Pardaev ◽  
◽  
Olim Mamayunusovich Pardaev ◽  
Umidjon Normurad Ugli Normuradov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Cluster Concept ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Theoretical Issues

The article discusses the concept of trade cluster as an innovation factor and its theoretical issues. The state of the concept of cluster studied by foreign and domestic scientists, as well as some ideas on its definition are given. Theoretical issues about the cluster have been explored, and the definition of a trade cluster has been developed for the first time and is theoretically based.

scholarly journals Planning for Sustainability in NSW Local Government

2008 ◽  
pp. 157-165
Author(s):  
Jade Herriman ◽  
Emma Partridge ◽  
Mick Paddon
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
New South ◽  
The State ◽  
Health Check ◽  
Professional Organization ◽  
Standard Definition ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Statutory Requirement ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Sustainability Program

Local councils in the state of New South Wales (NSW) in Australia are starting to give serious consideration to how they can include ‘sustainability’ in their planning for the future. There is no statutory requirement to create a sustainability plan – and therefore no standard definition of what constitutes such a plan for local government in NSW. The same is true of the term ‘sustainability’, for which there is no standard or legislative definition. However, the NSW state division of Local Government Managers Australia (LGMA - a professional organization for council managers) has recently released a ‘Sustainability Health Check’ as a resource to assist councils in assessing their current performance and devising appropriate strategies and action plans for sustainability. In addition, several individual councils have used the opportunity provided by the state government’s Urban Sustainability Program to make a first attempt at developing a sustainability plan.

PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN KERUGIAN NEGARA DALAM PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DAERAH

EDUKASI ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendra Karianga
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Regional Finance ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
State Finance ◽  
Budget Policy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Sources of revenue and expenditure of APBD (regional budget) can be allocated to finance the compulsory affairs and optional affairs in the form of programs and activities related to the improvement of public services, job creation, poverty alleviation, improvement of environmental quality, and regional economic growth. The implications of these policies is the need for funds to finance the implementation of the functions, that have become regional authority, is also increasing. In practice, regional financial management still poses a complicated issue because the regional head are reluctant to release pro-people regional budget policy, even implication of regional autonomy is likely to give birth to little kings in region causing losses to state finance and most end up in legal proceedings. This paper discusses the loss of state finance and forms of liability for losses to the state finance. The result of the study can be concluded firstly,  there are still many differences in giving meaning and definition of the loss of state finace and no standard definition of state losses, can cause difficulties. The difficulty there is in an effort to determine the amount of the state finance losses. The calculation of state/regions losses that occur today is simply assessing the suitability of the size of the budget and expenditure without considering profits earned by the community and the impact of the use of budget to the community. Secondly, the liability for losses to the state finance is the fulfillment of the consequences for a person to give or to do something in the regional financial management by giving birth to three forms of liability, namely the Criminal liability, Civil liability, and Administrative liability.Keywords: state finance losses, liability, regional finance.

Implications

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Widerquist ◽  
Grant S. McCall
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
The State ◽  
Natural Property ◽  
Government Failure ◽  
State Of Nature ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Lockean Proviso ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Taking Action ◽  
Disadvantaged People

Earlier chapters of this book found that the Hobbesian hypothesis is false; the Lockean proviso is unfulfilled; contemporary states and property rights systems fail to meet the standard that social contract and natural property rights theories require for their justification. This chapter assesses the implications of those findings for the two theories. Section 1 argues that, whether contractarians accept or reject these findings, they need to clarify their argument to remove equivocation. Section 2 invites efforts to refute this book’s empirical findings. Section 3 discusses a response open only to property rights theorists: concede this book’s empirical findings and blame government failure. Section 4 considers the argument that this book misidentifies the state of nature. Section 5 considers a “bracketing strategy,” which admits that observed stateless societies fit the definition of the state of nature, but argues that they are not the relevant forms of statelessness today. Section 6 discusses the implications of accepting both the truth and relevance of the book’s findings, concluding that the best response is to fulfil the Lockean proviso by taking action to improve the lives of disadvantaged people.

Ground of mechanism of pay in a budget for the pipelinetransporting of hydrocarbon commodities

2019 ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
Adam Bodіuk
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
State Recognition ◽  
Main Pipelines ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Combination Of Methods ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Hydrocarbon Transport

The subject of the study is the mechanism for determining the fiscal fee forthe main transportation of hydrocarbon goods as a resource concept. The purposeof this article is to justify the nature and prospects of using, instead of currentrent, hydrocarbon fiscal-main income as a fiscal payment, which is brought intothe state budget by operators of the main hydrocarbon-transport system as business entities for their transportation of hydrocarbons and products of their processing through main pipelines appropriate to the economic requirements. Theresearch methodology is determined by a combination of methods: a) cognition:legal analysis (study of the regulatory framework for the use of rent); b) justification: abstract logical analysis (definition of the concepts of hydrocarbon fiscalmain income); c) generalization (substantiation of conclusions and proposals).Results of work. In the process of analyzing the regulatory legal acts that regulate the use of current annuity as payment to the budget for the main transportation of hydrocarbons, it was established that it is not a tax in the interpretationof PKU, since the essence does not meet the official definition of tax, does notmeet the accepted definition of the concept of rent. The accepted nature andmechanism of paying rent for the transportation of hydrogen resources and associated revenues of the state and users of the main hydrogen transport systemand the unpromising nature of its use as a fiscal payment are analyzed. Conclusions.It is proposed that the state pay for the territorial pumping of hydrocarbon resources according to our triple principle as hydrocarbon fiscal-main income, whichcorresponds to its essence, and accordingly change the mechanism for calculatingand depositing funds to treasury accounts. Since the funds come to the revenueside of the state budget, that is, inherently belong to state revenue. The creationof such a mechanism needs certain studies, justifications and government decisions. The same applies to land use, since the quality indicators of soils, wherethe laid pipelines are territorially different. In addition, there is a process ofchanging land for its intended purpose, for the property. The fee for movinghydrocarbon resources should be calculated depending on the type of transport,including pipelines, for a set of indicators: quantity and quality of goods, time,main tariffs and distance of its movement. The amount may be adjusted usingfactors officially established by the CMU. Since the pipelines are located in territorial lands, part of this fee should be transferred to the territorial local budgets.Theoretically, the economic use of trunk pipelines should be considered as a typeof economic environmental management. Therefore, this type of government revenue should be determined by a set of indicators, as well as taking into account the economic interests of business entities authorized by the CMU. Thus, theimplementation of our proposed fiscal payment is relevant, has scientific noveltyand promising practical significance, therefore, for state recognition it is proposedto include it in the Tax Code of Ukraine.

Digital Economy: New Opportunities and Threats for the Development of the World Economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Strelkova
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Market Exchange ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The World ◽  
Business Structures ◽  
Definition Of

The paper examines various approaches to the definition of the term «digital economy» in the scientific and business environment along with factors and forms of its development in different countries taking into account the specifics of the current stage of the Russian economy, which is a matter of particular importance in seeking new sources of the world economy growth. The subject of the research is opportunities and threats inherent in the process of digitalization of economies and their impact on the operation of international and national markets as well as the development of the world economy as a whole. The purpose of the paper was to analyze the practical experience in the formation and development of the digital economy in foreign countries and Russia and identify the changes it brings to the activities of state institutions and business structures, established rules of market exchange, the process of promotion and use of innovations. All the above made it possible to determine the country-level specifics of the digital economy evolution reveal the contradictory nature of its manifestations and justify the necessity for active participation of the state in stimulation and support of potentially promising digital innovations in various sectors of the economy. It is concluded that the level of the digital economy development depends on the real-sector performance, the maturity of markets, the state of the national economy. It is highlighted that the criteria for a comprehensive assessment of the results of the economy digitalization must be developed.

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