A historical review of marine fish disease studies with special reference to Scotland

SynopsisThe study of marine fish diseases has been directly related in its development to the significance of the fisheries or latterly aquaculture systems involved with epizootics. In this respect, Scotland has played a central role because of the importance of specific diseases of salmon which have been especially prevalent in Scotland, and the advanced state of its basic veterinary and medical expertise. This has been particularly important in the past, when very little information was available and extrapolation from higher animal studies was the only relevant approach.

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Creating Meaning in the Present by Reviewing the Past: Communal Memory in the Psalms of Solomon

Journal of Ancient Judaism ◽

10.30965/21967954-00503005 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 368-392

Author(s):

Matthew E. Gordley

Keyword(s):

Jewish Community ◽

Historical Review ◽

First Century ◽

The Past ◽

Communal Memory ◽

Psalms Of Solomon ◽

Creating Meaning

This article examines Psalms of Solomon with an eye toward how these compositions may have functioned within the setting of a first-century B. C. E. Jewish community in Jerusalem. Several of these psalms should be understood as didactic hymns providing instruction to their audience through the medium of psalmody. Attention to the temporal register of Pss. Sol. 8, 9, and 17 shows how the poet’s use of historical review and historical allusion contributed to a vision of present reality and future hope, which the audience was invited to embrace. Issues relating to the place of these psalms in the tradition of Solomonic discourse are also addressed insofar as they contribute to the didactic function of this psalm collection.

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Perfluorocarbon Liquid: Its Application in Vitreoretinal Surgery and Related Ocular Inflammation

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/250323 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Qi Yu ◽

Kun Liu ◽

Li Su ◽

Xin Xia ◽

Xun Xu

Keyword(s):

Animal Studies ◽

Vitreoretinal Surgery ◽

Complete Removal ◽

Intraocular Lenses ◽

Perfluorocarbon Liquid ◽

Potential Toxicity ◽

The Past ◽

Perfluorocarbon Liquids

The application of perfluorocarbon liquids has been well acclaimed in vitreoretinal surgery. Its unique physical properties make it an ideal intraoperative tool to improve the efficiency and safety of surgical procedures in complicated cases. The main functions of perfluorocarbon liquids in vitreoretinal surgery include relocating and fixing the detached retina, displacing the subretinal and subchoroidal to fluid anteriorly, revealing proliferative vitreous retinopathy (PVR) for further maneuvers, protecting the macula from exposure to chemicals with potential toxicity, and assisting the removal of foreign body. The related clinical applications include retinal detachment with severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy, giant tear, diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and posterior dislocated crystalline and intraocular lenses. The application of perfluorocarbon liquids has been expended over the past fewer years. Several PFCLs related ocular inflammations have been observed inin vitrostudies, animal studies, and clinical follow-up. The complete removal of PFCLs is recommended at the end of the surgery in most cases.

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Calcium Signaling in Plant Programmed Cell Death

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10051089 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 1089

Author(s):

Huimin Ren ◽

Xiaohong Zhao ◽

Wenjie Li ◽

Jamshaid Hussain ◽

Guoning Qi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Programmed Cell Death ◽

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Future Research ◽

Significant Progress ◽

Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽

Stress Perception ◽

The Past

Programmed cell death (PCD) is a process intended for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis by eliminating old, damaged, or unwanted cells. In plants, PCD takes place during developmental processes and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In contrast to the field of animal studies, PCD is not well understood in plants. Calcium (Ca2+) is a universal cell signaling entity and regulates numerous physiological activities across all the kingdoms of life. The cytosolic increase in Ca2+ is a prerequisite for the induction of PCD in plants. Although over the past years, we have witnessed significant progress in understanding the role of Ca2+ in the regulation of PCD, it is still unclear how the upstream stress perception leads to the Ca2+ elevation and how the signal is further propagated to result in the onset of PCD. In this review article, we discuss recent advancements in the field, and compare the role of Ca2+ signaling in PCD in biotic and abiotic stresses. Moreover, we discuss the upstream and downstream components of Ca2+ signaling and its crosstalk with other signaling pathways in PCD. The review is expected to provide new insights into the role of Ca2+ signaling in PCD and to identify gaps for future research efforts.

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Animal movement, mechanical tuning and coupled systems

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.202.23.3415 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 202 (23) ◽

pp. 3415-3421 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

T.L. Daniel ◽

M.S. Tu

Keyword(s):

Molecular Basis ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Neural Control ◽

Animal Movement ◽

Coupled Systems ◽

Force Generation ◽

Muscle Physiology ◽

The Past ◽

Animal Physiology ◽

Mechanical Tuning

Over the past two decades, there has been a growing interest in developing predictive models of animal movement and force generation in fluids. In a departure from past studies that have asked how prescribed motions of a propulsor (wing or fin) generate lift and thrust during swimming and flying, we are increasingly interested in predicting the propulsor's movement as well as the forces generated by it. This interest, motivated by a need to understand the control and dynamics of locomotion and its applications to robotics and animal physiology, requires that we develop integrative models and analyses of swimming and flying that incorporate neural control and muscle physiology into more traditional biomechanical studies of locomotion in fluids. This approach extends from whole-animal studies to the molecular basis of force generation. In this paper, we explore mechanical tuning from the level of the whole animal to the proteins driving force generation in muscle.

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A Discussion on Syphilis, with Special Reference to (a) its Prevalence and Intensity in the Past and at the Present Day; (b) its Relation to Public Health, Including Congenital Syphilis; (c) the Treatment of the Disease

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine ◽

10.1177/003591571200500520 ◽

1912 ◽

Vol 5 (Gen_Rep) ◽

pp. 169-174

Author(s):

J. P. Candler

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Special Reference ◽

Congenital Syphilis ◽

The Past

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1. On the Philological Genius and Character of the Neo-Hellenic Dialect

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh ◽

10.1017/s0370164600028972 ◽

1875 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 31-31

Author(s):

Blackie

Keyword(s):

Middle Ages ◽

Present State ◽

Historical Review ◽

Popular Literature ◽

The Other ◽

Greek Language ◽

Modern Language ◽

The Past ◽

History Of ◽

Of Greece

The Author showed by a historical review of the fortunes of Greece, through the Middle Ages, and under the successive influences of Turkish conquest and Turkish oppression, how the Greek language had escaped corruption to the degree that would have caused the birth of a new language in the way that Italian and the other Roman languages grew out of Latin. He then analysed the modern language, as it existed in current popular literature before the time of Coraes, that is, from the time of Theodore Ptochoprodromus to nearly the end of the last century, and showed that the losses and curtailments which it had unquestionably suffered in the course of so many centuries, were not such as materially to impair the strength and beauty of the language, which in its present state was partly to be regarded as a living bridge betwixt the present and the past, and as an altogether unique phenomenon in the history of human speech.

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Where have all the susceptible gonococci gone? A historical review of changes in MIC distribution over the past 75 years

10.21203/rs.2.13785/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Chris Kenyon ◽

Jolein Laumen ◽

Dorien Van Den Bossche ◽

Christophe Van Dijck

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

South Africa ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Historical Analysis ◽

Historical Review ◽

The United States ◽

Antimicrobial Consumption ◽

The Past ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Loss Of Susceptibility

Abstract Background Does the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae include the erasure of highly susceptible strains or does it merely involve a stretching of the MIC distribution? If it was the former this would be important to know as it would increase the probability that the loss of susceptibility is irreversible.Methods We conducted a historical analysis based on a literature review of changes of N. gonorrhoeae MIC distribution over the past 75 years for 3 antimicrobials (benzylpenicillin, ceftriaxone and azithromycin) in five countries (Denmark, Japan, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States).Results Changes in MIC distribution were most marked for benzylpenicillin and showed evidence of a right shifting of MIC distribution that was associated with a reduction/elimination of susceptible strains in all countries. In the case of ceftriaxone and azithromycin, where only more recent data was available, right shifting was also found in all countries but the extent of right shifting varied and the evidence for the elimination of susceptible strains was more mixed.Conclusions The finding of right shifting of MIC distribution combined with reduction/elimination of susceptible strains is concerning since it suggests that this shifting may not be reversible. Since excess antimicrobial consumption is likely to be responsible for this right shifting, this insight provides additional impetus to promote antimicrobial stewardship.

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Among Forests, Wetlands and Animals: Ecocriticism in the Baltics

Ecozon@: European Journal of Literature, Culture and Environment ◽

10.37536/ecozona.2020.11.2.3498 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 42-51

Author(s):

Kadri Tüür ◽

Ene-Reet Soovik

Keyword(s):

Environmental History ◽

Urban Studies ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Academic Research ◽

Environmental Humanities ◽

The Past ◽

Baltic Countries ◽

Significant Events ◽

The Baltic ◽

Institutional Representation

Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania often tend to be grouped together under the label of ’the Baltic countries’, yet they constitute a region characterised by a diversity which also manifests itself in the field of academic research. Still, it may be possible to detect some common elements in the ecocriticism-related activities that have been taking place in these states during the past couple of decades. The article maps the salient tendencies in the environmental humanities (including ecocriticism) of the region that recently gained an institutionalised platform in the form of the Baltic Conferences on the Environmental Humanities and Social Sciences (BALTEHUMS) that were started in 2018. A survey is given of the three countries’ most significant events and publications that have boasted an ecocritical component, ecocriticism’s institutional representation and inclusion of ecocritical issues in university syllabuses and theory textbooks, as well as some pertinent topics and sub-fields on which the scholars in these countries are currently working. Among these, various aspects of the connections of literature and the ecosystems of the forest (trees) and the mire can be noticed; while also animal studies, literary urban studies, bio- and ecosemiotics and environmental history appear to have entered a fruitful dialogue with ecocritical scholarship currently conducted in the Baltics.

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Between grammar and dictionary: With special reference to Slovene verb

Juznoslovenski filolog ◽

10.2298/jfi1369091z ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 91-114

Author(s):

Andreja Zele

Keyword(s):

Special Reference ◽

Temporal Structure ◽

Essential Characteristic ◽

Verbal Aspect ◽

Language System ◽

The Past ◽

The Relationship

Slovene resources confirm that verbal aspect and aspectualness depend on the morphological, lexical, syntactic, and other characteristics of a particular language. Since verbal aspect is directly connected to the meaning of a particular verb, as well as its structural and semantic-syntactic abilities, it is considered to be an essential characteristic in terms of the language system of every language. The specific features of aspectualness, especially if we take into account its connectedness to a given language system, are confirmed by various contrastive studies, which also place considerable emphasis on a number of general aspectual characteristics that can be applied to all languages. Within every language system, for example, the grammatical (morphological), lexical, and syntactic aspectualness are distinguished from one another, whereas in the case of a particular text, the relationship between aspect, time, and mood cannot be overlooked. What remains central in both current and future discussions is establishing the relationship between aspectualness and temporality within a particular language or languages. Cases of ?aspectual competitiveness?, related to the temporal structure of a given sentence, have been noted in Slovene as well, especially in examples like Sem ze vecerjal - Sem ze povecerjal (?I already had dinner - I already finished my dinner?), Vedno smo k obstojecemu doprinesli tudi nekaj novega - Vedno smo k obstojecemu doprinasali tudi nekaj novega (?We always contributed something new to the existing condition - We always used to contribute something new to the existing condition?), etc. That the behavior of the imperfect may vary in the past and future is shown by examples like Temperatura se je dvigovala ?visala, padala in spet visala? (The temperature kept rising ?rising, falling, and rising again?), Temperatura se bo dvigovala ?vedno samo navzgor, brez nihanja? (The temperature will keep on rising ?it will rise without falling?). It is also important how a particular dictionary presents verbal valency as a developmental category. The most common is the change from monovalent verbs to bivalent or governed verbs. When considering the valency of non-deverbal nouns and adjectives, it must be noted that especially in the case of nondeverbal adjectives, valency is the consequence of the dynamic meaning of semantically similar verbs, which can replace non-deverbal adjectives in a particular sentence.

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