scholarly journals Nouns and verbs in Chintang: children's usage and surrounding adult speech

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
SABINE STOLL ◽  
BALTHASAR BICKEL ◽  
ELENA LIEVEN ◽  
NETRA P. PAUDYAL ◽  
GOMA BANJADE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Morphology ◽  
Verb Morphology ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Development Levels ◽  
Noun Bias

ABSTRACTAnalyzing the development of the noun-to-verb ratio in a longitudinal corpus of four Chintang (Sino-Tibetan) children, we find that up to about age four, children have a significantly higher ratio than adults. Previous cross-linguistic research rules out an explanation of this in terms of a universal noun bias; instead, a likely cause is that Chintang verb morphology is polysynthetic and difficult to learn. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that the development of Chintang children's noun-to-verb ratio correlates significantly with the extent to which they show a similar flexibility with verbal morphology to that of the surrounding adults, as measured by morphological paradigm entropy. While this development levels off around age three, children continue to have a higher overall noun-to-verb ratio than adults. A likely explanation lies in the kinds of activities that children are engaged in and that are almost completely separate from adults' activities in this culture.

Intensive Contact and the Copying of Paradigms: An Éven Dialect in Contact with Sakha (Yakut)

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Pakendorf
Keyword(s):  
Vital Role ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Verbal Morphology ◽  
Linguistic Identity ◽  
Verb Morphology ◽  
Unique Structure ◽  
Northeastern Siberia ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Village

AbstractThe development of the unique structure of Copper Island Aleut, which displays a combination of Russian finite verb morphology and Aleut nominal and non-finite verbal morphology as well as lexicon has been the subject of heated debate. In the absence of other examples of similar inflectional paradigm copying, the processes leading to this development are hard to elucidate. This paper discusses examples of paradigms copied from the Siberian Turkic language Sakha (Yakut) into a dialect of the Northern Tungusic language Éven spoken in the village of Sebjan-Küöl in northeastern Siberia. These data demonstrate that paradigm copying can take place in a situation of widespread bilingualism, with code-switching playing a vital role. Furthermore, they provide evidence that such mixed forms have the potential of serving as conduits for further copying of grammatical forms, and that they play an important role in the linguistic identity of the speakers, as has been suggested previously for mixed languages such as Copper Island Aleut.

scholarly journals A Longitudinal Study of the Acquisition of Verbal Morphology in the EFL Classroom

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-74
Author(s):  
Mirjana Semren
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Classroom Interaction ◽  
Verbal Morphology ◽  
Verb Morphology ◽  
Grammatical Morphemes ◽  
Present Tense

This paper investigates the order of the acquisition of grammatical morphemes in the interlanguage of Croatian pupils of English as a foreign language (EFL). The order of acquisition was determined for nine grammatical morphemes. Additionally, the selected morphemes were combined to form the four verb tenses so as to determine the order of their emergence in the pupils’ verb-morphology repertoire. The study was conducted on a corpus of 36 transcribed recordings of parts of classroom interaction. The pupils’ speech production was elicited by various task-based activities. The suppliance of nine grammatical morphemes was investigated by means of obligatory occasion analysis (Brown 1973) which examined their obligatory and correct use. The obtained results revealed progress only in the acquisition of the present tense copula be. The emergence of verb tenses was partly identified due to the insufficient suppliance of grammatical morphemes in the pupils’ speech production.

scholarly journals VERB MORPHOLOGY IN THE MONUMENT OF MARI WRITING “THE BEGINNINGS OF CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE...” (1839 / 1841)

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-46
Author(s):  
Klyucheva Maria A. ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Verbal Morphology ◽  
Christian Doctrine ◽  
Verb Morphology ◽  
Valuable Source ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
The Hill ◽  
Preliminary Consideration ◽  
North Western

The article deals with the verbal morphology in the monument of Mari writing “The Beginnings of Christian doctrine...” (published in Kazan in 1841). Among the earliest publications in the Mari language, this is one of the most voluminous texts, including Concise Sacred History and Catechism. The dialectal basis of the considered text is a Meadow dialect, at the same time the verbal morphology (mainly in the plural forms) differs significantly from the literary norm of the contemporary Mari (Meadow-Eastern) language. As a result of comparison with dialectological data, the correspondence of the verbal morphology in the monument to the conjugation in the western subdialects (Volga, Yoshkar-Ola) of the Meadow dialect is revealed. (These dialects turned out to be peripheral during the formation of the literary Meadow-Eastern Mari language in the 20th century. The verbal morphology of the literary language is based on the Morki-Sernur subdialect of the Meadow dialect and the Eastern dialect of the Mari language.) At the same time, the specific verb forms of Western subdialects of the Meadow dialect revealed in the monument and described in the article largely correlate with the conjugation in Western Mari dialects (Hill and North-Western), including the literary norm of the Hill Mari language. In general, the analysis of the verbal forms (with preliminary consideration of phonetic and vocabulary data) allows us to define the “The Beginnings of Christian Doctrine…” (1839 / 1841) as a most important early written monument of the Volga subdialect of the Meadow dialect and a valuable source on the historical dialectology of the Mari language. Keywords: Finno-Ugric languages, Mari language, Vol

scholarly journals On the emergence of verb paradigms in one Spanish child

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 99-113
Author(s):  
Carmen Aguirre
Keyword(s):  
Main Element ◽  
Functional Categories ◽  
Verbal Morphology ◽  
Verb Morphology ◽  
Acquisition Process ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
Verb Acquisition ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Verb Tense

This paper studies the acquisition process of Spanish verbal morphology in a monolingual child. The study focuses on the period of the first 50 verb lemmas. This covers the period from age 1;7 till 1;10. The data shows that the verb acquisition process of this Spanish child follows three main stages: 1. A lexical stage in which verbs are only acquired as a lexical element. 2. A syntactic stage in which the verb, still contemplated as a non-split word, becomes the main element in the development of thematic and semantic relations. 3. A morphological stage in which verb suffixes begin to be analysed separately. At this stage, the relationship between form and meaning starts and the functional categories linked to the verb (tense, aspect, agreement, mood... ) begin to be acquired. Just at this moment, the first miniparadigms appear, which suggests that the acquisition process of verb morphology has started. The first two stages are premorphological and cover in our child the period till 1;9. In the last stage, which begins at 1;10, the child enters the protomorphological stage.  

Morphology in Niger-Congo Languages

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Creissels
Keyword(s):  
Information Structure ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Inflectional Morphology ◽  
Verbal Morphology ◽  
Verb Morphology ◽  
Bantu Languages ◽  
Number Marking ◽  
Bantu Language ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Morphological Patterns

This chapter is an overview of the structure of words belonging to the major lexical categories (nouns and verbs) in Niger-Congo languages, with an emphasis on the morphological patterns typically found in the core Niger-Congo languages commonly considered as relatively conservative in their morphology: rich systems of verb morphology, both inflectional and derivational, and systems of gender-number marking with a relative high number of genders, and no possibility to isolate number marking from gender marking. As regards formal aspects of the structure of words, as a rule, verb forms are morphologically more complex than nominal forms. The highest degree of synthesis is found in the verbal morphology of some Bantu languages. Both prefixes and suffixes are found. Cumulative exponence is typically found in gender-number marking. Multiple exponence is very common in the verbal morphology of Bantu language but rather uncommon in the remainder of Niger-Congo. Consonant alternations are common in several groups of Niger-Congo languages, and various types of tonal alternations play an important role in the morphology of many Niger-Congo languages. The categories most commonly expressed in the inflectional morphology of nouns are gender, number, definiteness, and possession. The inflectional morphology of verbs commonly expresses agreement, TAM, and polarity, and is also widely used to express interclausal dependencies and information structure. As regards word formation, the situation is not uniform across the language groups included in Niger-Congo, but rich systems of verb-to-verb derivation are typically found in the Niger-Congo languages whose morphological patterns are commonly viewed as conservative.

scholarly journals A comparative approach to verbal morphology in Transeurasian

2020 ◽  
pp. 511-521
Author(s):  
Martine Robbeets
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Strong Indication ◽  
Verbal Morphology ◽  
Verb Morphology ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
And Function

This chapter starts from a point of consensus in the Transeurasian debate, namely that common paradigmatic morphology could substantially help unravel the question. It aims at giving an overview of the verbal morphology shared by the Transeurasian languages. In addition to regular correspondences in form and function, it argues that the Transeurasian verb morphology displays a certain degree of paradigmaticity, based on relationships of grammatical patterning among different morphosyntactic subsystems. Moreover, shared irregularities such as peculiar allomorphies and functional idiosyncrasies are taken as a strong indication of affiliation of the languages concerned. The chapter concludes with an assessment of chance similarity, leading to the viewpoint that it is more sensible to attribute the correlations in the verbal morphology to inheritance than to take refuge in non-genealogical explanations.

scholarly journals Encoding focus in Kanuri verbal morphology: predication focus and the "Kanuri focus shift"

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 185-209
Author(s):  
H. Ekkehard Wolff ◽  
Doris Löhr
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Morphology ◽  
Perfective Aspect ◽  
Verb Morphology ◽  
African Languages ◽  
Focus Marking ◽  
First Time ◽  
Focus Theory

Focus on verbal operators such as aspect or tense ("predication focus", lucidly described by Hyman & Watters (1984) under the label "auxiliary focus") has been noticed to exist in African languages of Afroasiatic and Niger-Congo affiliation, but not so far in Saharan. The Saharan language Kanuri is assumed to have substantially reorganized its TAM system, particularly in the perfective aspect domain (Cyffer [2006] dates major changes between the years 1820 and 1900). The paper discusses, for the first time in Kanuri scholarship, the existence of a neat subsystem of predication focus marking by suffix in the perfective aspect which is made up of a total of six conjugational paradigms that uniformly encode predication focus by suffix {-ò}. Kanuri dialects differ in strategies and scope of focus marking encoded in verb morphology. In the light of data from the Yerwa (Nigeria) and Manga (Niger) dialects the paper discusses some "anomalies" with regard to general focus theory which we account for by describing the "Kanuri Focus Shift" as a diachronic process which is responsible for leftward displacement of scope of focus.  

A study on the Relationship of the weight pattern with the socioeconomic status among adolescents school going children in an Indian Metropolitan City

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-323
Author(s):  
Samar Hossain ◽  
Sharma Priyanka ◽  
Talib Hossain ◽  
Surendra Mohan Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Development Levels

Objective: The last two decades have witnessed an increase in health care costs due to obesity and related issues among children and adolescents. Childhood obesity is a global phenomenon affecting all socio-economic groups, irrespective of age, sex or ethnicity. The study was done to find the the prevalence of obesity and overweight and their association with socioeconomic status (SES) and the risk factors. Materials and Methods: School based cross sectional study carried out over a period of 4 months in three schools of East Delhi. The study was carried out in 629 school children of 10–18 years of age and belonging to different socioeconomic statuses in schools in East Delhi. The obesity and overweight were considered using an updated body mass index reference. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to determine the Socio-economic status and life style factors. Results: The prevalence of overweight among children was higher in middle socioeconomic status groups as compared to high socioeconomic class in both boys and girls whereas the prevalence of obesity was higher in high Socio economic status group as compared to middle socioeconomic group. The prevalence of obesity as well as overweight in low SES group was the lowest as compared to other group. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the prevalence of overweight and obesity varies remarkably with different socioeconomic development levels.

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