scholarly journals Properties of vocalization- and gesture-combinations in the transition to first words

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 890-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
EVA MURILLO ◽  
ALMUDENA CAPILLA
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
First Words ◽  
Structured Play

ABSTRACTGestures and vocal elements interact from the early stages of language development, but the role of this interaction in the language learning process is not yet completely understood. The aim of this study is to explore gestural accompaniment's influence on the acoustic properties of vocalizations in the transition to first words. Eleven Spanish children aged 0;9 to 1;3 were observed longitudinally in a semi-structured play situation with an adult. Vocalizations were analyzed using several acoustic parameters based on those described by Olleret al.(2010). Results indicate that declarative vocalizations have fewer protosyllables than imperative ones, but only when they are produced with a gesture. Protosyllables duration andf(0) are more similar to those of mature speech when produced with pointing and declarative function than when produced with reaching gestures and imperative purposes. The proportion of canonical syllables produced increases with age, but only when combined with a gesture.

scholarly journals The Role of Positive 3-H Words in Peacebuilding and Engagement in EFL/ESL Classes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojing Shi
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Learning Contexts ◽  
The Way

This review aimed at investigating the role of help, hope, and harmony formally known as positive 3H on students' engagement and peacebuilding. This topic has recently attracted attention since teachers and the way they treat students are said to play a paramount role in the learning process and as a result, peace can be built in the classroom and students also are more likely to be actively engaged in the tasks. To start with, a definition for positive 3-H was presented coupled with the role it plays in language learning contexts. Then the way both inner peace and interpersonal peace have been applied in the learning process to build peace is discussed. Following that, the effects of positive 3-H on students' engagement and peacebuilding through raising some relevant activities are dealt with. Finally, implications and further directions are put forward.

Long-term memory predictors of adult language learning at the interface between syntactic form and meaning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Pili-Moss
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
Procedural Memory ◽  
Procedural Learning ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Thematic Role ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Learning Abilities ◽  
Early Stages

Recent neurocognitive models of second language learning have posited specific roles for declarative and procedural memory in the processing of novel linguistic stimuli. Pursuing this line of investigation, the present study examined the role of declarative and procedural memory abilities in the early stages of adult comprehension of sentences in a miniature language with natural language characteristics (BrocantoJ). Thirty-six native Italian young adults were aurally exposed to BrocantoJ in the context of a computer game over three sessions on consecutive days. Following vocabulary training and passive exposure, participants were asked to perform game moves described by aural sentences in the language. Game trials differed with respect to the information the visual context offered. In part of the trials processing of relationships between grammatical properties of the language (word order and morphological case marking) and noun semantics (thematic role) was necessary in order reach an accurate outcome, whereas in others nongrammatical contextual cues were sufficient. Declarative and procedural learning abilities were respectively indexed by visual and verbal declarative memory measures and by a measure of visual implicit sequence learning. Overall, the results indicated a substantial role of declarative learning ability in the early stages of sentence comprehension, thus confirming theoretical predictions and the findings of previous similar studies in miniature artificial language paradigms. However, for trials that specifically probed the learning of relationships between morphosyntax and semantics, a positive interaction between declarative and procedural learning ability also emerged, indicating the cooperative engagement of both types of learning abilities in the processing of relationships between ruled-based grammar and interpretation in the early stages of exposure to a new language in adults.

scholarly journals AIBO’s first words

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Steels ◽  
Frédéric Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Autonomous Robots ◽  
Language Game ◽  
Causal Role ◽  
Language Communication ◽  
First Words

This paper explores the hypothesis that language communication in its very first stage is bootstrapped in a social learning process under the strong influence of culture. A concrete framework for social learning has been developed based on the notion of a language game. Autonomous robots have been programmed to behave according to this framework. We show experiments that demonstrate why there has to be a causal role of language on category acquisition; partly by showing that it leads effectively to the bootstrapping of communication and partly by showing that other forms of learning do not generate categories usable in communication or make information assumptions which cannot be satisfied.

Acoustic Properties of Infant-Directed Speech

2018 ◽  
pp. 92-116
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Wang ◽  
Derek M. Houston ◽  
Amanda Seidl
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Learning Mechanisms ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Infant Language ◽  
Practical Implications

Language acquisition is a complex process that involves an interaction between learning mechanisms and the input to the child. An important component of infants’ input is infant-directed speech (IDS)—a unique speech register that caregivers use when talking to infants. IDS differs from adult-directed speech (ADS) in a variety of dimensions. This chapter examines empirical research on the acoustic properties of IDS and the role that IDS may play in supporting infant language learning. Taking the discussion of IDS function in language development to the next level, this chapter further discusses the underlying mechanisms of IDS to promote language learning and caregivers’ intentions to use this speech register. Theoretical and practical implications of this body of work are discussed and areas for future research are highlighted.

Infants can use distributional cues to form syntactic categories

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
LOUANN GERKEN ◽  
RACHEL WILSON ◽  
WILLIAM LEWIS
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Category Structure ◽  
Verb Phrase ◽  
Gender Category ◽  
Distributional Cues ◽  
American Children ◽  
Gender Paradigm ◽  
Do So

Nearly all theories of language development emphasize the importance of distributional cues for segregating words and phrases into syntactic categories like noun, feminine or verb phrase. However, questions concerning whether such cues can be used to the exclusion of referential cues have been debated. Using the headturn preference procedure, American children aged 1;5 were briefly familiarized with a partial Russian gender paradigm, with a subset of the paradigm members withheld. During test, infants listened on alternate trials to previously withheld grammatical items and ungrammatical items with incorrect gender markings on previously heard stems. Across three experiments, infants discriminated new grammatical from ungrammatical items, but like adults in previous studies, were only able to do so when a subset of familiarization items was double marked for gender category. The results suggest that learners can use distributional cues to category structure, to the exclusion of referential cues, from relatively early in the language learning process.

scholarly journals Do the Eyes Have It? A Systematic Review on the Role of Eye Gaze in Infant Language Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melis Çetinçelik ◽  
Caroline F. Rowland ◽  
Tineke M. Snijders
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Gaze Following ◽  
Object Mapping ◽  
Attentional Cues ◽  
Gaze Cues

Eye gaze is a ubiquitous cue in child–caregiver interactions, and infants are highly attentive to eye gaze from very early on. However, the question of why infants show gaze-sensitive behavior, and what role this sensitivity to gaze plays in their language development, is not yet well-understood. To gain a better understanding of the role of eye gaze in infants' language learning, we conducted a broad systematic review of the developmental literature for all studies that investigate the role of eye gaze in infants' language development. Across 77 peer-reviewed articles containing data from typically developing human infants (0–24 months) in the domain of language development, we identified two broad themes. The first tracked the effect of eye gaze on four developmental domains: (1) vocabulary development, (2) word–object mapping, (3) object processing, and (4) speech processing. Overall, there is considerable evidence that infants learn more about objects and are more likely to form word–object mappings in the presence of eye gaze cues, both of which are necessary for learning words. In addition, there is good evidence for longitudinal relationships between infants' gaze following abilities and later receptive and expressive vocabulary. However, many domains (e.g., speech processing) are understudied; further work is needed to decide whether gaze effects are specific to tasks, such as word–object mapping or whether they reflect a general learning enhancement mechanism. The second theme explored the reasons why eye gaze might be facilitative for learning, addressing the question of whether eye gaze is treated by infants as a specialized socio-cognitive cue. We concluded that the balance of evidence supports the idea that eye gaze facilitates infants' learning by enhancing their arousal, memory, and attentional capacities to a greater extent than other low-level attentional cues. However, as yet, there are too few studies that directly compare the effect of eye gaze cues and non-social, attentional cues for strong conclusions to be drawn. We also suggest that there might be a developmental effect, with eye gaze, over the course of the first 2 years of life, developing into a truly ostensive cue that enhances language learning across the board.

scholarly journals Publikasi Bentuk Fungsi dan Kategori SintaksisTuturan Masyarakat Manduro sebagai Pendukung Perkembangan Bahasa Anak Usia Dini

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Diana Mayasari ◽  
Nanda Riski Ardhana
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Data Validity ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Main Instrument ◽  
Descriptive Method

Researchers assume that with the publication of the speech is expected to be useful especially for teachers and employees in Manduro Elementary in language development through language transmission. The purpose of this research is to describe the syntactic structure of Manduro public utterance in Manduro Village, Kabuh Subdistrict, Jombang Regency, covering syntactic functions and categories. Qualitative descriptive method used in this research. With the subject of research is the device of Manduro Village. Samples were taken by purposive sampling with the aim of taking the device of each hamlet contained in Manduro Village. The researcher is the main instrument assisted by the Swadesh Morris questionnaire. Triangulation is used as a test of data validity. The researchers used inductive analysis techniques. The results obtained in this study are syntactic functions consisting of subjects, predicates, objects, descriptions and appendices that categorized nouns, verbs, and adjectives and adverbs. Based on the results of the research, the syntactic structure of public utterance of Manduro has a universality with the syntactic structure of Indonesian and Javanese, only the structures used are not structural. This is because the sentence is a nonformal speech. The results of this study are expected to be used as a supporter of early childhood language development in Manduro Elementary School through the role of teachers in language learning by using examples and communication with students outside the lesson with the manduro language. Thus language learning occurs in a natural context so that the language of the community is not increasingly experiencing shifts and extinctions as well as in the teaching of syntax and as a ruler of language rules in Indonesia.

scholarly journals BEING MUSLIM AND MOTIVATION IN LEARNING ARABIC: AN INSIGHT FROM THREE DECADES

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Isral Naska
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Student Motivation ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Religious Aspects ◽  
Proper Analysis

This article is a literature review on accessible three decades publicized studies about student motivation learning Arabic which was conducted in different countries and contexts. Due to the importance of Arabic in Islam as the sacred language, those research are expected to reveal the religious aspects in maintaining and shaping student motivation in learning Arabic. Unfortunately, the issue did not likely obtain adequate attention from most of the researchers. Interestingly though, review on that studies still managed to reveal that the researchers apparently mentioned the role of identity in their studies. However, it was not supported by the proper analysis which made only little can be recognized from the role of religious identity in shaping the motivation. This circumstance likely has taken place since most of the researchers did not use the poststructuralist approach which may bring them to reveal a deeper understanding of the role of identity in Arabic language learning. Furthermore, in order to obtain the more precise finding on the role of identity in maintaining student motivation, it is suggested to use the approach when addressing student motivation during Arabic learning process. Artikel ini adalah sebuah literatur review terhadap penelitian-penelitian tentang motivasi belajar Bahasa Arab sekitar 3 dekade belakangan yang dilakukan pada beberapa negara dengan konteks yang berbeda-beda. Peran Bahasa Arab sebagai bahasa yang penting dalam Islam, seharusnya mengantarkan penelitian yang ada mengungkap adanya aspek-aspek religiustitas dalam pembentukan motivasi belajar. Sayangnya, hal ini tidak mendapatkan perhatian yang cukup dari sebagian besar peneliti. Menariknya kendatipun hal tersebut terjadi, yaitu tidak tertangkapnya aspek religiusitas secara memadai, review terhadap hasil-hasil penelitian tersebut menunjukkan peran identitas religius para siswa tetap terlihat. Hanya saja hal tersebut tidak didukung oleh analisis yang memadai sehingga tidak banyak wawasan yang dapat diperoleh sekaitan dengan peran identitas religius tersebut. Hal ini terjadi karena kebanyakan peneliti tidak menggunakan pendekatan yang memungkinkan mereka mengeksplorasi peran identitas religius siswa dalam pembentukan motivasi belajar secara lebih mendalam, yaitu pendekatan post-structuralist. Dengan demikian, untuk memperoleh temuan yang lebih presisi, studi selanjutnya disarankan untuk menggunakan pendekatan post-structuralist untuk memahami peran identitas religius dalam pembentukan motivasi belajar Bahasa Arab

scholarly journals The links between technology and principles of language teaching and learning: theoretical and practical insights

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 718-726
Author(s):  
Turki Alsolami ◽  
Nashwa Saaty
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Integration Of Technology ◽  
Teaching Instruction

The paper examines the integration of technology into various language learning aspects, mainly how technology can enhance language learning and teaching. The focus is on selected studies that highlight the significant role of technology in promoting higher levels of motivation, enhancing language input, contextualizing the language learning process through access to various cultural materials, improving learners’ L2 attitudes and enhancing better language teaching instruction.  In examining these areas, we hope to provide pedagogical insights that would help practitioners and curriculum developers to utilize technology in an effective way to promote a better language learning experience. 

scholarly journals INNOVATIVE METHODS OF LEARNING OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES. MULTIMEDIA AND COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES

2016 ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
I. I. Filipovich
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Foreign Language Learning ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Computer Technologies ◽  
Methods Of Learning ◽  
Traditional Approaches

The article reviews innovative approaches to a foreign language learning which employs multimedia and computer technologies. It proves the necessity of the new methods introduction and their difference from traditional approaches. The article shows some advantages of innovative methods and some difficulties of its integration into the learning process. It also defines the role of the Language teacher in the renewed learning process.

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