Infants can use distributional cues to form syntactic categories

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
LOUANN GERKEN ◽  
RACHEL WILSON ◽  
WILLIAM LEWIS
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Category Structure ◽  
Verb Phrase ◽  
Gender Category ◽  
Distributional Cues ◽  
American Children ◽  
Gender Paradigm ◽  
Do So

Nearly all theories of language development emphasize the importance of distributional cues for segregating words and phrases into syntactic categories like noun, feminine or verb phrase. However, questions concerning whether such cues can be used to the exclusion of referential cues have been debated. Using the headturn preference procedure, American children aged 1;5 were briefly familiarized with a partial Russian gender paradigm, with a subset of the paradigm members withheld. During test, infants listened on alternate trials to previously withheld grammatical items and ungrammatical items with incorrect gender markings on previously heard stems. Across three experiments, infants discriminated new grammatical from ungrammatical items, but like adults in previous studies, were only able to do so when a subset of familiarization items was double marked for gender category. The results suggest that learners can use distributional cues to category structure, to the exclusion of referential cues, from relatively early in the language learning process.

scholarly journals First Language Acquisition, Developmental Errors in Vocabulary: A Case Study of a Four -Year- Old Iranian Child

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nastaran Sadeghi ◽  
Mohammad Hashamdar
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
First Language ◽  
First Language Acquisition ◽  
Iranian Child ◽  
Interval Recording ◽  
Do So

This case study aims to discover the process of first language acquisition of a 4–year-old Iranian child. The focus of the research is on developmental errors the child has created in his language development, i.e. the words which are not correct. To do so, the researcher, during four months, observed and recorded the subject's produced strange words. The recording was done by two ways, Interval recording strategy and event sampling.Developmental errors or strange words are part of the learning process. These words are created due to different reasons. The research shows that during four months and in thirty three records, eleven strange words and expressions were produced. These eleven errors were investigated in this study in details. A table was presented by the researcher in which these errors were thoroughly described.

scholarly journals Properties of vocalization- and gesture-combinations in the transition to first words

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 890-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
EVA MURILLO ◽  
ALMUDENA CAPILLA
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
First Words ◽  
Structured Play

ABSTRACTGestures and vocal elements interact from the early stages of language development, but the role of this interaction in the language learning process is not yet completely understood. The aim of this study is to explore gestural accompaniment's influence on the acoustic properties of vocalizations in the transition to first words. Eleven Spanish children aged 0;9 to 1;3 were observed longitudinally in a semi-structured play situation with an adult. Vocalizations were analyzed using several acoustic parameters based on those described by Olleret al.(2010). Results indicate that declarative vocalizations have fewer protosyllables than imperative ones, but only when they are produced with a gesture. Protosyllables duration andf(0) are more similar to those of mature speech when produced with pointing and declarative function than when produced with reaching gestures and imperative purposes. The proportion of canonical syllables produced increases with age, but only when combined with a gesture.

scholarly journals HOW GESTURE PROVIDES A HELPING HAND AND SUPPORTS CHILDREN’S LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Ma'rifah Nurmala
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gestural Input ◽  
Do So

Children use gesture to refer to objects before they produce labels for these objects to convey semantic relations between objects before conveying sentences in speech. The gestural input that children receive from their  or teacher shows that they provide models for their children for the types of gestures and gesture to produce, and do so by modifying their gestures to meet the communicative needs of their children. This article aims to discuss what we know about the impact of gestures on memorization of words. This article describes an explanation the form and example why using gesture would help educator and parent in supports children’s language development. More importantly, the gestures that parents and teachers produce, in addition to providing models, help children learn labels for referents and semantic relations between these referents and even predict the extent of children’s vocabularies several years later. The existing research highlights the important role parental even the teacher gestures play in shaping children’s language learning.

scholarly journals Topik-Topik dalam Buku Ajar BIPA Let’s Speak Indonesian: Ayo Berbahasa Indonesia 1

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 808-824
Author(s):  
Hanifia ◽  
Gatut Susanto ◽  
Ariva Luciandika
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Teaching Material ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Foreign Speakers ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

Abstract: The Language Development and Cultivation Agency (2012) explains that BIPA is an Indonesian language learning process targeted to foreigners who are interested in learning Indonesian for a specific purpose. The process of learning Indonesian in general cannot be equated with learning Indonesian for foreign speakers. The textbook used contains materials used for teachers in implementing the learning process. The materials cover knowledge, skills that students must learn to achieve goals by competency standards. Because that's the use of language that suits the students' abilities. The purpose of this research is to describe the topics in the teaching material "Let's Speak Indonesia: Come on Indonesian Language 1". The data were obtained from the teaching materials contained in the teaching materials "Let's Speak Indonesia: Let's Speak Indonesian 1". With the data collected, researchers get the topics in textbooks. Based on the analysis of the topics used, it can support the learning process in the classroom and contains actual topics such as the environment, human relations, events. Presentation of topics in the teaching materials is in the form of verbal and visual. With a variety of presentation forms, the topic can be conveyed well. Keywords: BIPA, textbook, topic Abstrak: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa (2012) menjelaskan bahwa BIPA adalah proses pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia yang ditujukan kepada orang asing yang berminat mempelajari bahasa Indonesia untuk tujuan tertentu. Proses pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia pada umumnya tidak dapat disamakan dengan pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia bagi penutur asing. Buku teks yang digunakan berisi materi yang digunakan untuk guru dalam melaksanakan proses pembelajaran. Materi meliputi pengetahuan, keterampilan yang harus dipelajari siswa untuk mencapai tujuan sesuai standar kompetensi. Karena itulah penggunaan bahasa yang sesuai dengan kemampuan siswa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan topik-topik dalam bahan ajar “Ayo Bicara Indonesia: Ayo Bahasa Indonesia 1”. Data diperoleh dari bahan ajar yang terdapat pada bahan ajar “Ayo Bicara Indonesia: Mari Bicara Bahasa Indonesia 1”. Dengan data yang terkumpul, peneliti mendapatkan topik-topik dalam buku teks. Berdasarkan analisis topik yang digunakan dapat mendukung proses pembelajaran di kelas dan berisi topik aktual seperti lingkungan, hubungan manusia, peristiwa. Penyajian topik dalam bahan ajar dalam bentuk verbal dan visual. Dengan berbagai bentuk presentasi, topik dapat tersampaikan dengan baik. Kata kunci: BIPA, bahan ajar, topik

scholarly journals Child or Grown-up: Language Universals and Language Particula

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2 (1)) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Rouzanna Arakelyan
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Foreign Language Learning ◽  
Natural Process ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Language Universals

Language is a means of human cognitive activity. The knowledge of the natural process of the acquisition of each language, namely of a foreign one, is highly necessary in language learning process. The record of the characteristics of child language development acquires much significance in this regard. Evidently, each child is unique. However, the sequence of the development stages of native and foreign languages is almost the same and quite predictable, while the psycholinguistic investigation of a foreign language learning among grown-ups demonstrates evident differences. The acquisition of a foreign language differs not only in the content of the material studied, but also in the new linguistic nature of the coordination of the knowledge.

Metode dan Media Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Berbasis Internet di Era Teknologi Informasi

1970 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-445
Author(s):  
Muhandis Azzuhri
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Information Channel ◽  
Technology Advancement ◽  
Other Information

Information technology era necessitate changing of learning system, mainly on method and media Arabic language learning. Arabic language learning system nowadays criticized because its monotone, traditional, and not innovative compared with other language learning. This is because absolutism and lack of creativity of Arabic learning sta­keholders (lecturer, teacher, Kiai) to apply method and Arabic language learning media that appropriate with information technology advancement. internet- based Arabic language learning embarked because as most communicative learning media at information technology era because integrate internet and other information channel as tools to empower learning process to more creative, innovative, and competitive. .

Tinjauan Aspek Budaya pada Pembelajaran IPA: Pentingnya Pengembangan Kurikulum IPA

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fajar Hardoyono
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
Learning Attitude ◽  
Do So

: Education deals with enlightening people and developing human resources. The reasecher concluded that cultural background of students influences their learning attitude in the school. Therefore, the developing learning process of Natural Sciences insist student to elaborate principles of Natural Sciences without ignoring cultural valuesof local community. The policy of decentralization of Indonesian Government had authorized and legitimated local authorities to develop curriculum based on the local cultures. To do so, each local government through the officers of Education has to create a curiculum by involving some curriculum experts, instructures, natural sciences theachers, and the lectures of universities who adequately understand learning model of Natural Sciences.

Edmodo as an Assessment Tool in the Foreign Language Learning Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-215
Author(s):  
Flavia Kaba
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Foreign Language Learning ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Foreign Language Anxiety ◽  
Learning Platform ◽  
Secure Learning ◽  
Innovative Techniques

Abstract Due to the rapid developments in educational technology, today’s professors are in search of exploring innovative techniques in order to promote involvement of students in the learning process in general and in the foreign language learning process in particular. This is why today’s students are seen as digital-natives and being motivated for the learning process is very difficult if the modern technology they are familiar with is not utilized effectively in the classroom. When it comes to the assessment part of this process, the situation may become worse, as most of the students feel unwilling due to anxiety problems in general and foreign language anxiety in particular. This study presents an innovative way of assessing students’ skills that they gain during foreign language learning process introducing Edmodo, which is an educational social network that provides a secure learning platform for students and educators. This study is a descriptive one, based on the analyses, surveys, and opinions of different researchers that have implemented this platform in their teaching process. The main objective is to introduce the implementation of various assessment applications through Edmodo.

The Analyses of Learning Strategies in English as a Second Language: Theoretical Classification and Measurement Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-129
Author(s):  
Asti Gumartifa ◽  
◽  
Indah Windra Dwie Agustiani
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
English Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Effective Learning ◽  
The Impact

Gaining English language learning effectively has been discussed all years long. Similarly, Learners have various troubles outcomes in the learning process. Creating a joyful and comfortable situation must be considered by learners. Thus, the implementation of effective learning strategies is certainly necessary for English learners. This descriptive study has two purposes: first, to introduce the classification and characterization of learning strategies such as; memory, cognitive, metacognitive, compensation, social, and affective strategies that are used by learners in the classroom and second, it provides some questionnaires item based on Strategy of Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) version 5.0 that can be used to examine the frequency of students’ learning strategies in the learning process. The summary of this study explains and discusses the researchers’ point of view on the impact of learning outcomes by learning strategies used. Finally, utilizing appropriate learning strategies are certainly beneficial for both teachers and learners to achieve the learning target effectively.

THE EFFECT OF USING WRITTEN RETELLING STRATEGY TOWARD THE STUDENTS READING COMPREHENSION AT THE SECOND GRADE OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL KARTIKATAMA METRO LAMPUNG INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-37
Author(s):  
Rana Wijaya ◽  
M.Ihsan Dacholfany
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Senior High School ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Written Retelling

Reading is one of the important aspects of language learning. By reading, the learners get knowledge and information. But in reality, students are often ignoring to mastering this skill. It is the researchers found in the second grade of SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Kartikatama Metro Lampung Indonesia, where students have difficulty in reading comprehension, so this leads to lower their learning. Therefore, to improve students' reading comprehension ability, researchers used Written Retelling Strategy (WRS) in the learning process.        The purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of Retelling Written Strategy (WRS) has a positive effect on students' reading comprehension in learning English. Written Retelling Strategy (WRS) considered as one strategy that makes students more active and fun in the learning process to comprehend some text.        Forms of this research are Quantitative Research conducted in two classes. Each class is divided into the trial and reserve grade. Author implements True Experimental Design (Pure Research) by applying a pre-test and post-test as an instrument. In accordance with the method of this study, the data were analyzed using t-test that allows knowing the difference between the experimental group that used a class of written retelling strategy and the control group who did not use written retelling strategy. Finally, the research data show that t observations = 3,590 and is included in the category of high impact. Furthermore, t observation T Table consult with a significance level of 5% = 2.010 and 1% = 2,682, the data states that t observations greater than the T Table, this could mean that Hi is received. And could mean that there is a positive and significant influence between experiment class and class control on the use of written retelling strategy at second grade of Senior High School  Kartikatama Metro.

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