Nucleic Acids in Grass and Grass Silage

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 86-86
Author(s):  
A B McAllan ◽  
G D Braithwaite
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Protein Fraction ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Total N ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Microbial N

Little attention has been directed at defining the ‘protein’ fraction of silages. This component is normally estimated by fractionation based on solubility characteristics and under the conditions most commonly used, nucleic acids (ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)) would appear in the protein fraction. Grasses and legumes can contain appreciable amounts of nucleic acids ranging from 11-29 and 19-53 g/kg dry matter respectively (McAllan, 1982). No information is available as to the effects of ensilage on these nucleic acids. Microbes also contain appreciable amounts of nucleic acids which can account for 150-200 gN/kg total-N of the cell and these amounts may vary according to the stage of growth. It has been suggested (Ullrich, 1982) that microbial-N contribution to the total-N content of silage is as much as 220-280 g/kg. Thus the total amount of silage ‘protein-N’ present in the form of nucleic acid-N (from both plant and microbes) could be appreciable leading to a considerable overestimation of the ‘protein’ content of the silage.

Changes in the nucleic acid content of the uterus of sheep during involution following ovariectomy and following oestrogenic stimulation

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 669 ◽  
Author(s):  
DA Little ◽  
LJ Lambourne
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Uterine Tissue ◽  
Rna Concentration

The concentrations of nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), in ovine uterine tissue were studied to determine whether the ratio RNA/DNA might be used in the bioassay of oestrogenic activity. As the uterus decreased in size with time after ovariectomy, the concentration of DNA increased markedly, but the total content of DNA in the uterus remained constant (mean value 342 ? 8 (SE) mg). The RNA concentration of the tissue decreased during involution, with the result that a highly significant reduction of 33% in the RNA/DNA ratio occurred within 2 weeks of ovariectomy. The ratio decreased further with time. Other ewes were treated for 3 days with diethylstilboestrol dipropionate (10 µg/day), commencing 2 weeks after ovariectomy; the stage of the oestrous cycle at which the ovaries were removed had no effect on the response to the oestrogen. Changes in the nucleic acid concentrations in the uteri of these ewes, and the results obtained during involution, indicate that the RNA/DNA ratio of uterine tissue in ovariectomized ewes has potential as a basis for the bioassay of materials of low oestrogenic potency.

Peptide synthesis in bone marrow: insulin and thyroxin effects

1962 ◽  
Vol 203 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Necheles
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Peptide Synthesis ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anabolic Effect ◽  
Oxygen Buffer

Myeloid marrow was rapidly removed from femurs of fasting young rabbits, sectioned, and incubated in Krebs-bicarbonate-CO2-oxygen buffer with appropriate C14-labeled precursors. All manipulations were designed to preserve the architecture of the tissue. After 1 hr the protein or nucleic acid-adenine was isolated and purified. Insulin, 0.01 U/ml added in vitro, stimulated histidine-2(ring)-C14 incorporation into protein by 26 ± 1.4%; alkali-treated insulin was inactive. Thyroxin elicited a 49.4 ± 2.1% stimulation at an optimum concentration of 10–7 m. Triiodothyronine, but not diiodothyronine, also had a significant effect. Insulin increased incorporation of carbon from adenosine-8-C14 into adenine of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid. Thyroxin, on the other hand, was without consistent effect on this process. Thyroxin stimulated significantly the incorporation of C14 of glycine-2-C14 into adenine. The possibility that part of the anabolic effect of thyroxin on bone marrow may arise from a stimulus to incorporation of precursors into purines is suggested.

SPECIES DIFFERENCES IN THE DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC AND RIBONUCLEIC ACID CONTENTS OF LIVERS OF NON-PREGNANT AND PREGNANT MICE, GUINEA-PIGS AND CATS

1953 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROSA M. CAMPBELL ◽  
H. W. KOSTERLITZ
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Liver Cell ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Maternal Liver ◽  
Pregnant Mice

1. The protein content of liver cells is almost independent of the size of the animal (mice, cats and previous results on rats, Campbell & Kosterlitz [1949]), and varies with the amount of protein eaten. 2. As has already been shown for rats, the ribonucleic acid ('RNA') content of the liver cells of non-pregnant mice, guinea-pigs and cats varies directly with the protein content of the cells. For a given protein content the mouse and rat have more RNA than the guinea-pig and cat. 3. During pregnancy there is a rise of the deoxyribonucleic acid ('DNA') content of the livers and in the protein content of the liver cells of mice (and rats), but not of guinea-pigs. 4. An excess of RNA over that predicted from the protein content of the liver cell has previously been found for the rat during pregnancy, and ascribed to the action of a placental factor on the maternal liver. A similar excess of RNA has now been observed in the mouse and, to a less extent, in the guinea-pig. It appears to be absent in the cat. 5. Possible causes of some of these species differences are considered.

The effect of concentrate level on performance of dairy sheep offered grass silage ad-libitum

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 127-127
Author(s):  
C. Ewbank ◽  
C.M. Minter ◽  
R.G. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Total N ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Concentrate Level

The response of dairy cows offered grass silage to increases in the level of concentrate supplementation is well documented. However little information exists for dairy sheep. The aim of this trial was to assess the impact of concentrate level on silage dry matter intake, milk production and quality and daily liveweight change in milking ewes.After weaning at 8 weeks, 24 mature Friesland ewes were individually penned. Ewes were offered precision chopped grass silage: (dry matter (DM) 203 g/kg; ph 3.4; ammonia nitrogen 58 g/kg total N; crude protein (CP) 164 g/kg DM; metabolisable energy (ME) 10.9 MJ/kg DM) ad-libitum and concentrate DM (CP 194) g/kg DM; ME 12.8 MJ/kg DM) at daily rates of 0; 0.7, 1.4 and 2.1 kg/day with no more than 0.6 kg per feed. Water was available ad libitum. All animals were milked twice daily through a Fullwood parlour and weighed weekly. Silage was fed daily and refusals removed twice weekly. The experiment lasted 6 weeks and was analysed as a random block design.

Effects of tocopherol depletion on muscle nucleic acid and creatine levels in the frog

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross A. Gortner ◽  
Ann F. Milano
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Dietary Requirement ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Muscle Creatine ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscles ◽  
Total Muscle

Groups of adult male frogs were force fed on diets either devoid of fat and tocopherols or containing "stripped" corn oil with or without added α-tocopherol for 120 days. At the end of this period histological examinations of the gastrocnemius muscles and testes revealed no signs of degeneration in any dietary group. Biochemical studies on the muscle gave no reflection of tocopherol deficiency in the levels or proportions of total ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid but did show a marked lowering of total muscle creatine in frogs on the tocopherol-free diets. The deficient animals subjected to considerable amounts of the polyunsaturated corn oil exhibited the lowest creatine levels. It is concluded that the adult frog has a dietary requirement for vitamin E and that more prolonged deprivation probably would result in the dystrophic symptoms commonly noted in other species.

The reaction of the psoralens with deoxyribonucleic acid

1984 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Hearst ◽  
Stephen T. Isaacs ◽  
David Kanne ◽  
Henry Rapoport ◽  
Kenneth Straub
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Cross Links ◽  
High Concentrations

Psoralen photochemistry is specific for nucleic acids and is better understood at the molecular level than are all other methods of chemical modification of nucleic acids. These compounds are used both for in vivo structure analysis and for photochemotherapy since they easily penetrate both cells and virus particles. Apparently, natural selection has selected for membrane and virus penetrability during the evolution of these natural products. Most cells are unaffected by relatively high concentrations of psoralens in the absence of ultraviolet light, and the metabolites of the psoralens have thus far not created a problem. Finally, psoralens form both monoadduct and cross-links in nucleic acid helices, the yield of each being easily controlled by the conditions used during the photochemistry.

Metabolism of Nucleic Acids and Protein in the Liver, Brain, and Kidney of Female Rats Subjected to Dietary Restriction During the Period of Gestation as well as the Period of Growth, Gestation, and Lactation

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 832-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uma Srivastava ◽  
My-Lien Vu ◽  
Suraj Bhargava ◽  
Tapas Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Diet Restriction ◽  
Organ Growth ◽  
Period Of Gestation ◽  
Number Of Cells

The metabolism of nucleic acids and protein, and. cellular growth, were studied in various organs of female rats subjected to a diet restriction during the period of gestation as well as the period of growth, gestation, and lactation. In general, both body and organ growth were retarded during this restriction, with certain exceptions. For example, only the liver demonstrated a decrease in organ weight when the diet was restricted during the period of gestation only. The number of cells in the various organs decreased in the experimental groups, whereas the cell size was observed to increase. Furthermore it was found that restrictions during the period of growth, gestation, and lactation increased the accumulation of cellular ribonucleic acid and protein content. The metabolism of ribonucleic acid and protein also seemed to have increased significantly.It was concluded that although dietary restriction caused changes in cellular growth, size, and metabolism of various organs these changes were much less marked when the restriction was imposed only during the period of gestation.

scholarly journals The Effect of Lighted Incubation on Ribonucleic Acid, Deoxyribonucleic Acid, and Protein Content of Chick Embryos

1981 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1089-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARILYN A. COLEMAN ◽  
ROBERT C. SMITH ◽  
GAYNER R. McDANIEL
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Chick Embryos
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