Strategies to minimize helminth challenge to summer born lambs grazing clover rich swards on an organic management system

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 170-170
Author(s):  
Linda M Mitchell ◽  
Margaret E King ◽  
G Halliday ◽  
D Younie
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Organic Management ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Grazing Systems

Clean grazing systems for sheep have been developed to minimize helminth challenge to susceptible lambs. Provision of clean grazing relies upon effective control of overwintering helminth infection on pasture and particularly in the post parturient ewe. During early lactation ewes immuno-competence is reduced resulting in the excretion of helminth eggs for approximately six weeks post lambing (Thomas, 1973). Control of this source of infection may be achieved by strategic anthelmintic administration while overwintering pasture infection may be avoided by use of pasture which has not carried sheep in the previous year.Prophylactic anthelmintic administration is unacceptable under an organic management system and consequently alternative strategies must be sought to eliminate the ewe as a source of infection. The objective of the present study was to evaluate strategic transfer of ewes and lambs to a silage aftermath as a means of minimizing helminth challenge to susceptible lambs.

scholarly journals Unusual presentations of a severe type 2 leprosy reaction mimicking sepsis induced by helminth infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. e0009453
Author(s):  
Sri Linuwih Menaldi ◽  
Anastasia Asylia Dinakrisma ◽  
Hok Bing Thio ◽  
Iris Rengganis ◽  
Salma Oktaria
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
History Of ◽  
Severe Type

We describe an unusual case of type 2 leprosy reaction (T2R) with septic shock–like features induced by helminth infection in a 31-year-old Moluccan male patient with a history of completed treatment of WHO multidrug therapy (MDT)–multibacillary (MB) regimen 2 years before admission. During the course of illness, the patient had numerous complications, including septic shock, anemia, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Nevertheless, antibiotic therapies failed to give significant results, and the source of infection could not be identified. Helminth infection was subsequently revealed by endoscopic examination followed by parasitological culture. Resolution of symptoms and normal level of organ function–specific markers were resolved within 3 days following anthelmintic treatment. This report demonstrated the challenge in the diagnosis and treatment of severe T2R. Given that helminth infections may trigger severe T2R that mimics septic shock, health professionals need to be aware of this clinical presentation, especially in endemic regions of both diseases.

Pasture management and parasitism in the lamb crop

1971 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 232-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Thomas ◽  
B. Boag
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Sheep Industry ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Nematode Parasitism

Nematode parasitism is a major problem in the development of intensive grazing systems for fat lamb production, a development which is essential to the progress of the sheep industry. An understanding of the epidemiology of the parasites concerned is the key to the formulation of effective control measures. In this context, the importance of the pasture as the link between parasite and host is receiving increasing recognition; so too is the significance of pasture management.

Economic impacts of extended grazing systems

1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. D'Souza ◽  
E. W. Maxwell ◽  
W. B. Bryan ◽  
E. C. Prigge
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
Conventional Systems

AbstractExtended grazing is a management system in which the usual grazing season is lengthened by utilization of hay fields for pasture. Extended grazing systems are a low-input alternative to conventional systems to the extent that they decrease the reliance on inputs such as machinery and energy to harvest forage. Substituting pasturing for harvested forage can therefore potentially decrease production costs and enhance the profitability of livestock production. However, the farm-level economic impacts of such a substitution are not well known. This analysis quantifies these impacts for beef cow/calf production. Specifying alternative meadow management systems for different grasses and using an economic-engineering approach, we have found that extended grazing can be a more profitable option for cow/calf production. Other findings suggest that, in an extended grazing system, the type of meadow, the hay baling method and the associated hay spoilage level also have important effects on production costs and profitability.

scholarly journals Estimating the Optimal Control of Zoonotic Visceral Leishmaniasis by the Use of a Mathematical Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laila Massad Ribas ◽  
Vera Lucia Zaher ◽  
Helio Junji Shimozako ◽  
Eduardo Massad
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Optimal Control ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Alternative Control ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Zoonotic Visceral Leishmaniasis

We argue that the strategy of culling infected dogs is not the most efficient way to control zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) and that, in the presence of alternative control strategies with better potential results, official programs of compulsory culling adopted by some countries are inefficient and unethical. We base our arguments on a mathematical model for the study of control strategies against ZVL, which allows the comparison of the efficacies of 5, alternative strategies. We demonstrate that the culling program, previously questioned on both theoretical and practical grounds is the less effective control strategy. In addition, we show that vector control and the use of insecticide-impregnated dog collars are, by far, more efficient at reducing the prevalence of ZVL in humans.

Stray animal and human defecation as sources of soil-transmitted helminth eggs in playgrounds of Peninsular Malaysia

2014 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 740-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.N. Mohd Zain ◽  
R. Rahman ◽  
J.W. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Toxocara Cati ◽  
Animal Shelters ◽  
The Public ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Flotation Technique ◽  
Human Source

AbstractSoil contaminated with helminth eggs and protozoan cysts is a potential source of infection and poses a threat to the public, especially to young children frequenting playgrounds. The present study determines the levels of infection of helminth eggs in soil samples from urban and suburban playgrounds in five states in Peninsular Malaysia and identifies one source of contamination via faecal screening from stray animals. Three hundred soil samples from 60 playgrounds in five states in Peninsular Malaysia were screened using the centrifugal flotation technique to identify and determine egg/cyst counts per gram (EPG) for each parasite. All playgrounds, especially those in Penang, were found to be contaminated with eggs from four nematode genera, with Toxocara eggs (95.7%) the highest, followed by Ascaris (93.3%), Ancylostoma (88.3%) and Trichuris (77.0%). In addition, faeces from animal shelters were found to contain both helminth eggs and protozoan cysts, with overall infection rates being 54% and 57% for feline and canine samples, respectively. The most frequently occurring parasite in feline samples was Toxocara cati (37%; EPG, 42.47 ± 156.08), while in dog faeces it was Ancylostoma sp. (54%; EPG, 197.16 ± 383.28). Infection levels also tended to be influenced by season, type of park/playground and the texture of soil/faeces. The occurrence of Toxocara, Ancylostoma and Trichuris eggs in soil samples highlights the risk of transmission to the human population, especially children, while the presence of Ascaris eggs suggests a human source of contamination and raises the issue of hygiene standards and public health risks at sites under investigation.

scholarly journals Canine Brucellosis: An Update

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato L. Santos ◽  
Tayse D. Souza ◽  
Juliana P. S. Mol ◽  
Camila Eckstein ◽  
Tatiane A. Paíxão
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Zoonotic Risk ◽  
Laboratory Workers ◽  
Canine Brucellosis ◽  
Specific Symptoms

Canine brucellosis is an infectious and zoonotic disease caused by Brucella canis, which has been reported worldwide, and is a major public health concern due to close contact between dogs and humans. In dogs, canine brucellosis manifests with abortion outbreaks, reproductive failure, enlargement of lymph nodes, and occasionally affects the osteoarticular system, although the occurrence of asymptomatic infections in dogs are not uncommon. In humans, the disease is associated with a febrile syndrome, commonly with non-specific symptoms including splenomegaly, fatigue, and weakness. Infection of dogs occurs mostly by the oronasal route when in contact with contaminated tissues such as aborted fetuses, semen, urine, and vaginal secretions. In humans, contact with contaminated fluids from infected dogs is an important source of infection, and it is an occupational risk for veterinarians, breeders, laboratory workers, among other professionals who deal with infected animals or biological samples. The diagnosis in dogs is largely based on serologic methods. However, serologic diagnosis of canine brucellosis remains very challenging due to the low accuracy of available tests. Molecular diagnostic methods have been increasingly used in the past few years. Treatment of infected dogs is associated with a high frequency of relapse, and should be employed only in selected cases. Currently there are no commercially available vaccines for prevention of canine brucellosis. Therefore, development of novel and improved diagnostic methods as well as the development of efficacious and safe vaccination protocols are needed for an effective control of canine brucellosis and its associated zoonotic risk.

scholarly journals Helminth Eggs Parameter of Water Spinach Agriculture Field in Bandung

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayrina Firdayati ◽  
Peni Astrini Notodarmojo ◽  
Barti Setiani Muntalif ◽  
Didit Trihartomo ◽  
Inat Shani Fathuna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Quality Criteria ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Government ◽  
Soil And Water

The high prevalence of helminth infection in Indonesia had encouraged the government to issue the Regulation of the Minister of Health concerning the Prevention of Soil-transmitted Helminths in 2017. Researches on the presence of helminth eggs in the environment, in soil and water as a media for transmitting the disease, are very few. <strong>Aim:</strong> <strong>The aim</strong> was conducted to investigate the potential presence of helminth eggs causing STH infections in two urban agricultural areas in northern and southern part of Bandung City. <strong>Methodology and results: </strong>Samples of water from the inlet and plantation area, as well as soil and water spinach produced by both regions, were collected and analyzed for the presence of helminth eggs using modified Bailinger methods. The number of helminth eggs of 1–119 eggs/L in water, soil, and vegetable samples. <strong>Conclusion, significance, and impact study: </strong>The results confirmed that the irrigation water used in both areas has been contaminated by feces. The average number of fecal coli exceeds the allowable value for the irrigation water source based on the Grade 4 of water quality criteria in Indonesia. Variations in the number of helminth eggs found in the samples can be caused by environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and soil types. The presence of helminth eggs in irrigation water and land samples exceeds the value recommended by WHO (2006) in the guidelines for the safe use of wastewater for agriculture. It can lead to an increased risk of helminth infection to consumers, agricultural workers, as well as residents around the farmland.

scholarly journals COMMENTS ON THE GRAZING MANAGEMENT SESSION

1984 ◽  
pp. 207-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Milligan
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Critical Levels ◽  
Research Environment ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Better Than

This collection of papers does four significant things: 1. It concentrates on hill country. 2. Precisely defines the research environment in pasture levels and animal production terms. One can clearly see the consequences in animal production at different times of the year when pre-grazing and residual herbage levels are defined and varied and to see the effects of different grazing systems at these pasture levels. Much better than high vs low stocking rates. 3. Attempts to set pature targets as well as animal production targets. 4. Defines critical pasture DM levels both below which pasture production is reduced, and above which control is lost. The proximity to these critical levels will, for a farmer, more precisely define the grazing management system he should adopt and the levels of animal production he should be able to achieve

Laboratory Evaluation of a Closed Brayton Engine With a Gas Management System

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Duvall
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
System Response ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Minimum Power ◽  
Load Removal ◽  
Power Capability

A previously tested 30-kw shaft output engine has been fitted with a closed-loop gas management system for power control. The closed-cycle engine operates at essentially constant speed and turbine inlet temperature, and power capability is a function of pressure level. The gas management system compresses and stores excess argon working fluid during load removal and injects on demand in response to load application. The system consists of a low, medium and high pressure storage accumulator, piston-type motor-driven compressor, valving and electronic control unit for sequencing the accumulators. Peak storage pressures at minimum power (10kw) are 765, 1076, and 1517 kPa (111, 156, and 220 psia). The engine and control system were run for a total of 57 hr over numerous transients of varying duration and range. Operation was characterized by quick response, smooth switching, and effective control. During load removal, the compressor required up to 3 min. to reduce full inventory to minimum power while turbine bypass valves allowed immediate engine response without excessive overspeed. Manually adjustable inject orifices allowed system response to closely follow load applications of 15 sec to 3 min. Compression heating in the accumulators during charging tended to elevate the switch points slightly, altering the storage capacities after repeated transients.

scholarly journals Prevalence of helminth parasites in sheep (Ovis aries) in Tangail district, Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Sangma ◽  
N Begum ◽  
BC Roy ◽  
MO Gani
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Management System ◽  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Fasciola Gigantica ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Flock Size ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Fecal Examination ◽  
Male Sheep

Prevalence of helminths of sheep in relation to age, sex, nutritional status, management system and flock size was studied at Tangail district, Bangladesh from July to December 2010 by fecal examination. A total of 190 sheep were examined of which 154 (81.1%) were positive for one or more species of helminth parasites. Seven species of helminths were identified, of them three species were trematodes, namely, Fasciola gigantica (8.4%), Paramphistomum spp. (44.2%) and Schistosoma indicum (3.7%); four species were nematodes, namely, Bunostomum sp (19.0%), Trichuris spp. (2.1%), Strongyles (62.6%) and Strongyloides spp. (9.5%). No cestodes were identified. Prevalence of helminths was significantly (p<0.01) higher in young sheep aged >1-2 year (92.7%) than adult aged > 2 years (83.3%) and lamb aged ? 1 year (63.6%). Higher prevalence was recorded in female than in male sheep. In relation to nutritional status and flock size, prevalence of helminths were significantly (p<0.01) higher in poor health and large flock sized animals. It is suggested that helminth infection is widely prevalent in sheep in Tangail district of Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i2.14913 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(2): 235-244, 2012

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