Effects of tannic acid, ellagic acid, gallic acid and catechin on cellulose degradation by the rumen fungusneocallimastix frontalisstrain rel

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 147-147
Author(s):  
Samira Muhammed ◽  
Colin S. Stewart ◽  
Thomas Acamovic
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
The Media

The ingestion of tannins and other polyphenols by ruminants can adversely affect the growth and fibre-digesting activities of the rumen microorganisms (Muhammedet al.1994). However, components of rumen liquor such as preformed monomers (amino acids, purines and pyrimidines) and other nutrients may protect the microorganisms, by providing nutritional conditions optimal for growth and energy metabolism. Rumen liquor also contains plant proteins, to which phenolic substances may bind preferentially. The influence of some polyphenols on the degradation of cellulose by the anaerobic fungusNeocallimastix frontalisstrain RE1 has been studied in two nutrient media considered to embrace the range of nutritional conditions that may occur in the rumen at different times. The media used were medium M2 of Hobson (1969) which contains rumen fluid casein hydrolysate and yeast extract, and the medium of Hungate and Stack (1982) (medium HS) which is chemically defined and in particular lacks protein hydrolysate and rumen fluid. Whatman no. 1 filter paper cellulose (30 mg) was the growth substrate. Filter-sterilized solutions of tannic acid (dissolved in dist. H20) or ellagic acid, gallic acid or catechin (dissolved in dimethylsulphoxide, DMSO) were added to the media (10 ml) prior to inoculation with strain REl (approx. 104zoospores) and incubation for 5 d at 38°C. Separate control incubations were performed with the 2 solvents (H20 and DMSO) used. The compounds tested were more inhibitory towards fungi grown in the defined medium (HS) than in the rumen fluid-containing medium M2 (Table 1). Thus tannic acid reduced cellulolysis to around 50 % of the relevant control values at a concentration of approx. 0.1 mM in HS, and 0.8 mM in M2. Corresponding values for ellagic acid were 0.15 mM and 0.5 mM, for gallic acid 0.25 mM and >3.6 mM and for catechin 0.15 mM and >2.4 mM respectively. It seems that these phenolic compounds are potent inhibitors of cellulolysis byNeocallimastixby mechanisms yet to be elucidated. It also appears that proteinaceous media reduce the inhibitory effects, suggesting that interactions occur between the proteins in the medium and the test compounds. It seems that in the rumen, dietary proteins and/or peptides may partly protect the fungi from the effects of polyphenolics as seen herein vitro.

scholarly journals Preliminary Report on the Effect of Savanna Plants Leucaena leucocephala, Parkia platycephala and Senna alata against Eggs and Immature Stages of Trichostrongylid Nematodes In Vitro

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 986
Author(s):  
Benta Natânia Silva Figueiredo ◽  
Marcello Otake Sato ◽  
Laiane Teixeira Sousa Moura ◽  
Sandra Maria Botelho Mariano ◽  
Tarso da Costa Alvim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Senna Alata ◽  
Anthelmintic Effect

The current study evaluated the anthelmintic effect of different extracts of Leucaena leucocephala, Parkia platycephala, and Senna alata on trichostrongylid eggs and infective larvae and determined the potential active components of each plant. Dried and macerated plant material was concentrated using rotaevaporation to obtain the crude extract (CE), followed by solvent partitioning to obtain hexanic (HexE), acetatic (AcE), and butanolic (BuE) extracts used for phytochemical analysis and anthelmintic efficacy testing in vitro. All the crude and partitioned extracts tested showed inhibition activity in the hatching of trichostrongylid eggs. Larvicidal efficacy was observed at CE concentrations of 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mg/mL for P. platycephala and S. alata. However, L. leucocephala CE did not significantly reduce the number of living larvae in the tested concentrations. Chromatographic analysis revealed several active metabolites; gallic acid, ellagic acid, naringin, morin, and kaempferol on AcE of P. platycephala; gallic acid, rutin, and ellagic acid on BuE of P. platycephala; and gallic acid and naringin on BuE of L. leucocephala. The extracts of P. platycephala, L. leucocephala, and S. alata leaves showed egg hatching inhibition and larvicidal activity, probably produced by tannins and flavonoids, which may act alone or by synergism.

In vitro studies on the interactions of blood lipid level‐related biological molecules with gallic acid and tannic acid

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (15) ◽  
pp. 6882-6892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangquan Zeng ◽  
Zhongting Sheng ◽  
Xiangxin Li ◽  
Xinguang Fan ◽  
Weibo Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Lipid Level ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Blood Lipid Level

scholarly journals Antiulcer Activity and Potential Mechanism of Action of the Leaves of Spondias mombin L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samara Alves Brito ◽  
Cynthia Layse Ferreira de Almeida ◽  
Temístocles Italo de Santana ◽  
Alisson Rodrigo da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Jéssica Carla Bezerra do Nascimento Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Chronic Ulcer ◽  
Antiulcer Activity ◽  
Spondias Mombin ◽  
Sh Groups ◽  
Ulcer Model

Spondias mombin L. is used in folk medicine for the treatment of inflammation and gastrointestinal diseases. Our study investigated the antiulcer activity of S. mombin ethanolic extract (SmEE) and its majority compounds gallic acid (GA) and ellagic acid (EA). Phytochemical characterization was performed by HPLC. The SmEE was screened for in vitro antioxidant activities using phosphomolybdenum, ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays. The antiulcer activity of SmEE, GA, EA, or GA + EA was evaluated by gastric lesion models induced by absolute ethanol and indomethacin. Following this, it is capable of stimulating mucus production, antisecretory capacity, and the influence of −SH groups and NO in the effect of SmEE. Its healing activity was demonstrated by acetic acid-induced chronic ulcer model. Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity was assessed by determining the MIC of the SmEE (64–1024 μg/mL). The HPLC results identified the presence of gallic acid and ellagic acid in SmEE. The extract showed antioxidant activity in vitro. SmEE (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) reduced the area of ulcerative lesions induced by ethanol in 23.8, 90.3, and 90.2%, respectively. In NSAID model, the SmEE induced protection of 36.8, 49.4, and 49.9%, respectively. GA (10 mg/kg) or EA (7 mg/kg) or the association of GA + EA (10 + 7 mg/kg) inhibited the ethanol-induced lesions in 71.8, 70.9, and 94.9%, respectively, indicating synergistic action. SmEE (100 mg/kg) decreased acid secretion and H+ concentration in the gastric contents, increased levels of mucus, and showed to be dependent of −SH groups and NO on the protection of the gastric mucosa. In chronic ulcer model, SmEE reduced the gastric area lesion. SmEE showed anti-H. pylori activity. In conclusion, our study showed that SmEE has antiulcerogenic activity. GA and EA are isolated gastric protectors and, when associated, acted synergistically to protect the gastric mucosa.

scholarly journals Transport of Corilagin, Gallic Acid, and Ellagic Acid from Fructus Phyllanthi Tannin Fraction in Caco-2 Cell Monolayers

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Mao ◽  
Ling-Fang Wu ◽  
Hai-juan Zhao ◽  
Wen-Yi Liang ◽  
Wen-Jing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tight Junction ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Organic Anion ◽  
Multidrug Resistance Proteins ◽  
Apparent Permeability ◽  
Glycoprotein P ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter ◽  
Apparent Permeability Coefficient

Objective. To investigate the absorption property of the representative hydrolyzable tannin, namely corilagin, and its hydrolysates gallic acid (GA) and ellagic acid (EA) from the Fructus Phyllanthi tannin fraction (PTF)in vitro.Methods. Caco-2 cells monolayer model was established. Influences of PTF on Caco-2 cells viability were detected with MTT assay. The transport across monolayers was examined for different time points, concentrations, and secretory directions. The inhibitors of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs), organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) and sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1), and tight junction modulators were used to study the transport mechanism. LC-MS method was employed to quantify the absorption concentration.Results. The apparent permeability coefficient(Papp)values of the three compounds were below 1.0 × 10−6 cm/s. The absorption of corilagin and GA were much lower than their efflux, and the uptake of both compounds was increased in the presence of inhibitors of P-gp and MRPs. The absorption of EA was decreased in the company of OATP and SGLT1 inhibitors. Moreover, the transport of corilagin, GA, and EA was enhanced by tight junction modulators.Conclusion. These observations indicated that the three compounds in PTF were transported via passive diffusion combined with protein mediated transport. P-gp and MRPs might get involved in the transport of corilagin and GA. The absorption of EA could be attributed to OATP and SGLT1 protein.

scholarly journals Effects of Hydrolyzable Tannins on In Vitro Growth of Armillaria calvescens and A. gallica

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 1255-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Brazee ◽  
Robert L. Wick ◽  
Phillip M. Wargo
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Hydrolyzable Tannins ◽  
Armillaria Gallica ◽  
Available Carbon ◽  
Black Oak ◽  
Colony Area

We hypothesized that Armillaria gallica, which is abundant in oak-dominated forests, is more successful at oxidizing and metabolizing polyphenols than A. calvescens, which is mostly restricted to maple-dominated forests. Isolates were challenged with up to seven concentrations of tannic acid (TA), gallic acid (GA), and black oak root bark extracts (RBE). Six concentrations of glucose and ethanol were also tested to determine the influence of available carbon on growth. Colony area and biomass values were analyzed using a GLM and Tukey's HSD test. When challenged with 0.12% concentrations of TA, GA, and RBE, A. gallica produced a significantly larger biomass in all treatments and larger colony areas in four of the five treatments compared to control values. A. gallica also produced a significantly larger number of rhizomorphs than A. calvescens on RBE medium. In contrast, A. calvescens generated significantly larger biomass over control treatments only when RBE was added, and values were substantially less compared to A. gallica. Growth of both species was significantly greater when ethanol was added, especially on GA medium, while glucose had little effect. Results from this study suggest that A. gallica is better at oxidizing and metabolizing polyphenols than A. calvescens.

scholarly journals An efficient regeneration system through in vitro somatic embryogenesis of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
M Haque ◽  
SMS Islam
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
The Media ◽  
Barley Genotypes

This study was carried out to improve an efficient protocol for in vitro callus induction and plant regeneration using Bangladeshi barley genotypes collected from BARI, Gazipur, Bangladesh. After sterilization embryos were separated carefully from mature seeds of six barley genotypes (BB-1, BB-2, BB-3, BB-4, BB-5 and BB-6) and cultured them in MS medium supplemented with various concentration and combination of PGRs for callus induction and regeneration. Out of six genotypes BB-6 showed highest (38.17%) callus induction in MS + 4.0 mg/l 2,4-D + 200 mg/l L-proline + 300 mg/l casein hydrolysate; whereas, BB-4 and BB-5 showed no callus induction in the same medium. For plant regeneration from embryogenic calli the same genotype (BB-6) also performed the best results (19.25%) in MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l BAP + 30 g/l sucrose. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed highly significant differences among the media and the genotypes. J. bio-sci. 27: 89-99, 2019

scholarly journals Phenolic Compounds Isolated and Identified from Amla (Phyllanthus emblica) Juice Powder and their Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Activities

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Rose ◽  
Chunpeng Wan ◽  
Amber Thomas ◽  
Navindra P. Seeram ◽  
Hang Ma
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽  
Neuroprotective Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phyllanthus Emblica ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Potential Health

The edible fruit of Phyllanthus emblica (known as amla and Indian gooseberry) is widely used in Eastern traditional medicinal systems for a variety of ailments. Our group has previously reported that an amla juice powder shows neuroprotective effects in several in vitro and in vivo assay models but its chemical constituents and their neuroprotective activity remain unknown. Therefore, we conducted a phytochemical investigation of amla juice powder and evaluated the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of the isolates. Ten phenolics (1–10), including gallic acid (1), five gallic acid derivatives (2–6), ellagic acid (7), and three ellagic acid derivatives (8–10), were isolated and identified with compounds 8–10 being reported from amla for the first time. All of the isolates showed antioxidant effects in the DPPH assay with IC50 values ranging from 6-158.9 μM superior to the synthetic commercial antioxidant, butylated hydroxytoluene (IC50 = 371.4 μM). In addition, compound 8 reduced β-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity in a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans model by increasing their survival rate by 28.3% compared to the control group. This study adds to the growing body of evidence supporting the potential health benefits of amla and supports the functional food and nutraceutical applications of amla juice powder.

scholarly journals Formation of complexes between polyvinyl pyrrolidones or polyethylene glycols and tannins, and their implication in gas production and true digestibility in in vitro techniques

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 897-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. S. Makkar ◽  
M. Blümmel ◽  
K. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Complexing Agents ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Peg 6000 ◽  
In Vitro Techniques

Various tannin-complexing agentsw have been used to study the potential adverse effects of tannis on rumen metabolism. Using a method based on turbidity formation, the binding of various tannin-complexing agents (polyvinyl polypyrrolidone (PVPP), polyethylene glycol (PEG) of molecular weights 2000 to 35000, and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) of molecular weight 10000, 40000 and 360000) to tannins (tannic acid, purified tannins from quebracho (Aspidosperma quebracho) and leaves of trees and shrubs (Acioa barteri, Dichostachys cinerea, Guiera senegalensis, Piliostigma reticulatum)) was investigated at different pH values. The binding of all the tannins with PVPP was highest at pH 3–4 and lowest at pH 7. For all the pH range (3–7) studied, the binding of PEG was higher than that of PVP. For all the tannins except tannic acid, the binding to PVP was the same from pH 4·7 to 7. Similar results were observed for the PEG of molecular weight 6000 or higher for all the tannins except quebracho tannins for which the binding increased as the pH increased from 3 to 7. The binding with PEG 2000 decreased to a greater extent as the pH reached near neutral and for PEG 4000 this decrease was slightly lower. Addition of these tannin-complexing agents to the in vitro gas system resulted in higher gas production from tannin-rich feeds (increase varied from 0 to 135%). The PEG were the most effective followed by PVP and PVPP. The PEG 35000 was least effective. The efficiency of other PEG was similar. The PEG 6000 was preferred to PEG 2000 or 4000 as its binding to tannins was higher at near neutral pH values. The gas production increased with an increase in the amount of PEG 6000 up to 0·6 g/40 ml rumen-fluid-containing medium containing 0·5 g tannin-rich feed, beyond which no increase was observed. The percentage increase in gas value at 24 h fermentation correlated significantly with tannin values, the highest correlation (r 0·95) being with protein precipitation capacity of tannins. The increase in gas production was associated with higher production of short-chain fatty acids with little change in their molar proportions, suggesting an increase in organic matter digestibility by inclusion of the PEG in tannin-rich feeds. However, apparent and true digestibilities were lower on addition of the PEG, due to the presence of PEG-tannin complexes in the residues. The use of this bioassay (percentage increase in gas production in the presence of PEG 6000) along with other tannin assays would provide a better insight into the nutritional significance of tannins.

scholarly journals Inhibitory effects of sulphur compounds, copper and tungsten on nitrate reduction by mixed rumen micro-organisms

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 741-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junichi Takahashi ◽  
Nobuyuki Johchi ◽  
Hiroshi Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reduction ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Microbial Reduction ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
The Media ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
And Tungsten

1. The inhibitory effects of inorganic and organic sulphur-containing compounds, copper and tungsten on nitrate reduction by mixed rumen micro-organisms were investigated in two in vitro studies.2. Coarsely strained rumen fluid from nitrate-adapted (Expt 1) or non-adapted (Expt 2) Suffolk Down wethers maintained on lucerne (Medicago sativa) cubes was used as an inoculum. In Expt 1, anaerobic incubation was carried out for 24 h for each medium supplemented with 10 mM-sodium nitrate and the following chemicals: 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 and 10 mM-sodium sulphide, 1 and 10 mM-sodium sulphite, 1 and 10 mM-sodium sulphate, 1 and 10 mM-L-cysteine, 1 and 10 mM-DL-methionine, 1 mM-sodium tungstate and I mM-copper sulphate. In Expt 2, 1 and 10 mM-Na2S, 1 and 10 mM-L-cysteine, 1 mM-Na2WO4, and 1 mM-CuSO4were added to incubation media to test for chemical inhibition of microbial reduction of nitrate.3. In Expt 1, the amount of nitrite formed decreased with increasing concentration of sulphide-S added. The additions of L-cysteine, W and Cu suppressed nitrite formation in media from both nitrate-adapted and non-adapted sheep.4. In contrast to the effects of sulphide, L-cysteine and W counteracted, to some degree, nitrate-induced reduction of volatile fatty acid (VFA) production. Addition of Cu to the media resulted in a further depression of VFA production.

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