scholarly journals Phenolic Compounds Isolated and Identified from Amla (Phyllanthus emblica) Juice Powder and their Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Activities

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Rose ◽  
Chunpeng Wan ◽  
Amber Thomas ◽  
Navindra P. Seeram ◽  
Hang Ma
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽  
Neuroprotective Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phyllanthus Emblica ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Potential Health

The edible fruit of Phyllanthus emblica (known as amla and Indian gooseberry) is widely used in Eastern traditional medicinal systems for a variety of ailments. Our group has previously reported that an amla juice powder shows neuroprotective effects in several in vitro and in vivo assay models but its chemical constituents and their neuroprotective activity remain unknown. Therefore, we conducted a phytochemical investigation of amla juice powder and evaluated the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of the isolates. Ten phenolics (1–10), including gallic acid (1), five gallic acid derivatives (2–6), ellagic acid (7), and three ellagic acid derivatives (8–10), were isolated and identified with compounds 8–10 being reported from amla for the first time. All of the isolates showed antioxidant effects in the DPPH assay with IC50 values ranging from 6-158.9 μM superior to the synthetic commercial antioxidant, butylated hydroxytoluene (IC50 = 371.4 μM). In addition, compound 8 reduced β-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity in a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans model by increasing their survival rate by 28.3% compared to the control group. This study adds to the growing body of evidence supporting the potential health benefits of amla and supports the functional food and nutraceutical applications of amla juice powder.

scholarly journals Neuroprotective Properties of Kempferol Derivatives from Maesa membranacea against Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Damage: An Association with Cathepsin D Inhibition and PI3K/Akt Activation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10363
Author(s):  
Danuta Jantas ◽  
Janusz Malarz ◽  
Thanh Nguyen Le ◽  
Anna Stojakowska
Keyword(s):  
Cathepsin D ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cells ◽  
Neuroprotective Activity ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Potential Health

As components of the human diet with potential health benefits, flavonols are the subject of numerous studies, confirming their antioxidant, free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory activity. Taking into consideration the postulated pathogenesis of certain CNS dysfunctions characterized by neuronal degradation, flavonols may prevent the decay of neurons in multiple pathways. Leaves of Maesa membranacea yielded several flavonol glycosides including α-rhamnoisorobin (kaempferol 7-O-α-rhamnoside) and kaempferitrin (kaempferol 3,7-di-O-α-rhamnoside). The latter compound was a major constituent of the investigated plant material. Neuroprotective effects of kaempferitrin and α-rhamnoisorobin were tested in vitro using H2O2-, 6-OHDA- and doxorubicin-induced models of SH-SY5Y cell damage. Both undifferentiated and differentiated neuroblastoma cells were used in the experiments. α-Rhamnoisorobin at a concentration range of 1–10 µM demonstrated cytoprotective effects against H2O2-induced cell damage. The compound (at 1–10 µM) was also effective in attenuating 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity. In both H2O2- and 6-OHDA-induced cell damage, kaempferitrin, similar to isoquercitrin, demonstrated neuroprotective activity at the highest of the tested concentrations (50 µM). The tested flavonols were not effective in counteracting doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity. Their caspase-3- and cathepsin D-inhibitory activities appeared to be structure dependent. Inhibition of the PI3-K/Akt pathway abolished the neuroprotective effect of the investigated flavonols.

scholarly journals Antioxidants ofPhyllanthus emblicaL. Bark Extract Provide Hepatoprotection against Ethanol-Induced Hepatic Damage: A Comparison with Silymarin

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renuka Chaphalkar ◽  
Kishori G. Apte ◽  
Yogesh Talekar ◽  
Shreesh Kumar Ojha ◽  
Mukesh Nandave
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phyllanthus Emblica ◽  
Liver Histopathology ◽  
Study Support

Phyllanthus emblicaL. (amla) has been used in Ayurveda as a potent rasayan for treatment of hepatic disorders. Most of the pharmacological studies, however, are largely focused on PE fruit, while the rest of the parts of PE, particularly, bark, remain underinvestigated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of the hydroalcoholic extract ofPhyllanthus emblicabark (PEE) in ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity model in rats. Total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin content and in vitro antioxidant activities were determined by using H2O2scavenging and ABTS decolorization assays. Our results showed that PEE was rich in total phenols (99.523±1.91 mg GAE/g), total flavonoids (389.33±1.25 mg quercetin hydrate/g), and total tannins (310±0.21 mg catechin/g), which clearly support its strong antioxidant potential. HPTLC-based quantitative analysis revealed the presence of the potent antioxidants gallic acid (25.05 mg/g) and ellagic acid (13.31 mg/g). Moreover, one-month PEE treatment (500 and 1000 mg/kg, p.o.) followed by 30-day 70% ethanol (10 mL/kg) administration showed hepatoprotection as evidenced by significant restoration of ALT (p<0.01), AST (p<0.001), ALP (p<0.05), and TP (p<0.001) and further confirmed by liver histopathology. PEE-mediated hepatoprotection could be due to its free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity that may be ascribed to its antioxidant components, namely, ellagic acid and gallic acid. Thus, the results of the present study support the therapeutic claims made in Ayurveda aboutPhyllanthus emblica.

scholarly journals In Vitro Neuroprotective Activities of Natural Products Isolated from Senecio Graciliflorus DC against Corticosterone Induced Impairment in SH-SY5Y Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salman Jameel ◽  
Loveleena kaur ◽  
Showkat Ahmad Bhat ◽  
Fayaz A Malik ◽  
KHURSHEED Ahmad BHAT
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cells ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Isolation Technique

Abstract Senecio graciliflorus DC root extract was studied for secondary metabolite composition following bioactivity guided isolation technique. The ethyl acetate extract of Senecio graciliflorus root yielded nine chemical constituents: 3,4-di-tert-butyl toluene, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, 2β-(angeloyloxy)furanoeremophilane, gallic acid, 2β-{[(Z)-2-hydroxymethylbut-2-enoyl]oxy}furanoeremophilane,1-Hydroxypentan-2-yl-4-methylbenzoate, sarcinnic acid, and sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. The structures of the chemical constituents were elucidated on the basis of spectral data analysis in the light of literature. All the compounds are being reported for the first time from this plant. The isolated constituents were screened for in-vitro neuroprotective effects against corticostereone induced impairment. Among various isolated compounds, three natural products (sarcinnic acid, gallic acid and β-sitosterol) displayed robust neurotropic activity. These three compounds increased neuronal cell survival in differentiated neuroblastoma cells from high dose corticosterone (400µM) induced cell death. The studies are aimed to explore small molecules for treating neurodegeneration underlying various neurological disorders to restore neuronal cell plasticity.

Chemical constituents isolated fromPaeonia lactifloraroots and their neuroprotective activity against oxidative stress in vitro

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1138-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Hyun Kim ◽  
Mi Kyeong Lee ◽  
Ki Yong Lee ◽  
Sang Hyun Sung ◽  
Jinwoong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Neuroprotective Activity

scholarly journals Synergistic Action of Flavonoids, Baicalein, and Daidzein in Estrogenic and Neuroprotective Effects: A Development of Potential Health Products and Therapeutic Drugs against Alzheimer’s Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy C. Y. Choi ◽  
Judy T. T. Zhu ◽  
Amanda W. Y. Yung ◽  
Pinky S. C. Lee ◽  
Sherry L. Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Health Products

Despite the classical hormonal effect, estrogen has been reported to mediate neuroprotection in the brain, which leads to the searching of estrogen-like substances for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Flavonoids, a group of natural compounds, are well known to possess estrogenic effects and used to substitute estrogen, that is, phytoestrogen. Flavonoid serves as one of the potential targets for the development of natural supplements and therapeutic drugs against different diseases. The neuroprotection activity of flavonoids was chosen for a possible development of anti-Alzheimer's drugs or food supplements. The estrogenic activity of two flavonoids, baicalein and daidzein, were demonstrated by their strong abilities in stimulating estrogen receptor phosphorylation and transcriptional activation of estrogen responsive element in MCF-7 breast cells. The neuroprotection effects of flavonoids againstβ-amyloid (Aβ) were revealed by their inhibition effects onin vitroAβaggregation and Aβ-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 neuronal cells. More importantly, the estrogenic and neuroprotective activities of individual flavonoid could be further enhanced by the cotreatment in the cultures. Taken together, this synergistic effect of baicalein and daidzein might serve as a method to improve the therapeutic efficacy of different flavonoids against Aβ, which might be crucial in developing those flavonoidsin treating Alzheimer's disease in the future.

scholarly journals Genotoxic and Chemopreventive Effects of Vochysia divergens Leaves (Pantanal, Brazil)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Pollyanna Francielli de Oliveira ◽  
Suzana Amorim Mendes ◽  
Nathália Oliveira Acésio ◽  
Luis Claudio Kellner Filho ◽  
Leticia Pereira Pimenta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Test System ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Xtt Assay ◽  
Vochysia Divergens

The medicinal plant Vochysia divergens is a colonizing tree species of the Pantanal, a unique and little explored wetland region in Brazil. This species is used in folk medicine as syrups and teas to treat respiratory infections, digestive disorders, asthma, scarring, and skin diseases. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the antioxidant, cytotoxic, and genotoxic potential of the ethanolic extract of Vochysia divergens leaves (VdE), as well as the influence of VdE and its major component (the flavone 3′,5-dimethoxy luteolin-7-O-β-glucopyranoside; 3′5 DL) on MMS-induced genotoxicity. The extract significantly reduced the viability of V79 cells in the colorimetric XTT assay at concentrations ≥ 39 μg/mL. A significant increase in micronucleus frequencies was observed in V79 cell cultures treated with VdE concentrations of 160 and 320 μg/mL. However, animals treated with the tested doses of VdE (500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg b.w.) exhibited frequencies that did not differ significantly from those of the negative control group, indicating the absence of genotoxicity. The results also showed that VdE was effective in reducing MMS-induced genotoxicity at concentrations of 20, 40, and 80 μg/mL in the in vitro test system and at a dose of 15 mg/kg b.w. in the in vivo test system. Its major component 3′5 DL exerted no protective effect, suggesting that it is not responsible for the effect of the extract. The results of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay showed that VdE was able to scavenge 92.6% of free radicals. In conclusion, the results suggest that the protective effect of VdE may be related, at least in part, to the antioxidant activity of its chemical constituents.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of the Anti-Oxidant Constituents from Loropetalum chinense (R. Brown) Oliv. Based on UHPLC–Q-TOF-MS/MS

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haifang Chen ◽  
Mulan Li ◽  
Chen Zhang ◽  
Wendi Du ◽  
Haihua Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ethyl Gallate ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Caffeoylquinic Acid ◽  
Tof Ms

The aim of this study was to identify the chemical constituents of Loropetalum chinense (R. Brown) Oliv. (LCO) and determine which of these had antioxidant effects. The chemical composition of a 70% ethanol extract of LCO was analyzed systematically using UHPLC–Q-TOF-MS/MS. The chemical components of the 70% ethanol extract of LCO were then separated and purified using macroporous resin and chromatographic techniques. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using a DPPH assay. In total, 100 compounds were identified tentatively, including 42 gallic acid tannins, 49 flavones, and 9 phenolic compounds. Of these, 7 gallium gallate, 4 flavonoid and 8 quinic acid compounds were separated and purified from the 70% ethanol extract of LCO. The compounds identified for the first time in LCO and in the genus Loropetalum were 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-(6′-O-galloyl)-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, protocatechuic acid, ethyl gallate, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-O-diocaffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-O-diocaffeoylquinic acid and 3,4-O-diocaffeoylquinic acid. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of compounds 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, and ethyl gallate were 1.88, 1.05, 1.18, and 1.05 μg/mL, respectively. Compared with the control group (VC) (2.08 μg/mL), these compounds exhibited stronger anti-oxidation activity. This study offered considerable insight into the chemical composition of LCO, with preliminary identification of the antioxidant ingredients.

scholarly journals Preliminary Report on the Effect of Savanna Plants Leucaena leucocephala, Parkia platycephala and Senna alata against Eggs and Immature Stages of Trichostrongylid Nematodes In Vitro

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 986
Author(s):  
Benta Natânia Silva Figueiredo ◽  
Marcello Otake Sato ◽  
Laiane Teixeira Sousa Moura ◽  
Sandra Maria Botelho Mariano ◽  
Tarso da Costa Alvim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Senna Alata ◽  
Anthelmintic Effect

The current study evaluated the anthelmintic effect of different extracts of Leucaena leucocephala, Parkia platycephala, and Senna alata on trichostrongylid eggs and infective larvae and determined the potential active components of each plant. Dried and macerated plant material was concentrated using rotaevaporation to obtain the crude extract (CE), followed by solvent partitioning to obtain hexanic (HexE), acetatic (AcE), and butanolic (BuE) extracts used for phytochemical analysis and anthelmintic efficacy testing in vitro. All the crude and partitioned extracts tested showed inhibition activity in the hatching of trichostrongylid eggs. Larvicidal efficacy was observed at CE concentrations of 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mg/mL for P. platycephala and S. alata. However, L. leucocephala CE did not significantly reduce the number of living larvae in the tested concentrations. Chromatographic analysis revealed several active metabolites; gallic acid, ellagic acid, naringin, morin, and kaempferol on AcE of P. platycephala; gallic acid, rutin, and ellagic acid on BuE of P. platycephala; and gallic acid and naringin on BuE of L. leucocephala. The extracts of P. platycephala, L. leucocephala, and S. alata leaves showed egg hatching inhibition and larvicidal activity, probably produced by tannins and flavonoids, which may act alone or by synergism.

scholarly journals Antiulcer Activity and Potential Mechanism of Action of the Leaves of Spondias mombin L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samara Alves Brito ◽  
Cynthia Layse Ferreira de Almeida ◽  
Temístocles Italo de Santana ◽  
Alisson Rodrigo da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Jéssica Carla Bezerra do Nascimento Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Chronic Ulcer ◽  
Antiulcer Activity ◽  
Spondias Mombin ◽  
Sh Groups ◽  
Ulcer Model

Spondias mombin L. is used in folk medicine for the treatment of inflammation and gastrointestinal diseases. Our study investigated the antiulcer activity of S. mombin ethanolic extract (SmEE) and its majority compounds gallic acid (GA) and ellagic acid (EA). Phytochemical characterization was performed by HPLC. The SmEE was screened for in vitro antioxidant activities using phosphomolybdenum, ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays. The antiulcer activity of SmEE, GA, EA, or GA + EA was evaluated by gastric lesion models induced by absolute ethanol and indomethacin. Following this, it is capable of stimulating mucus production, antisecretory capacity, and the influence of −SH groups and NO in the effect of SmEE. Its healing activity was demonstrated by acetic acid-induced chronic ulcer model. Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity was assessed by determining the MIC of the SmEE (64–1024 μg/mL). The HPLC results identified the presence of gallic acid and ellagic acid in SmEE. The extract showed antioxidant activity in vitro. SmEE (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) reduced the area of ulcerative lesions induced by ethanol in 23.8, 90.3, and 90.2%, respectively. In NSAID model, the SmEE induced protection of 36.8, 49.4, and 49.9%, respectively. GA (10 mg/kg) or EA (7 mg/kg) or the association of GA + EA (10 + 7 mg/kg) inhibited the ethanol-induced lesions in 71.8, 70.9, and 94.9%, respectively, indicating synergistic action. SmEE (100 mg/kg) decreased acid secretion and H+ concentration in the gastric contents, increased levels of mucus, and showed to be dependent of −SH groups and NO on the protection of the gastric mucosa. In chronic ulcer model, SmEE reduced the gastric area lesion. SmEE showed anti-H. pylori activity. In conclusion, our study showed that SmEE has antiulcerogenic activity. GA and EA are isolated gastric protectors and, when associated, acted synergistically to protect the gastric mucosa.

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