On the Structure of Actinotrocha considered in relation to the suggested Chordate Affinities of Phoronis

1897 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Masterman
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Preliminary Note ◽  
Skeletal Structures ◽  
Other Hand

Some little time ago a preliminary note upon Phoronis was read before the Eoyal Society, and therein it was stated that a study of the anatomy of this group had led one to believe that its nearest phyletic allies were to be found in the Hemichorda, a group comprising a few species with primitive chordate characters.In attempting to class Phoronis with these, an important difficulty presented itself. It has been usual to define the Chordata as having three essential characters in common, either temporarily in ontogeny or permanently throughout life, i.e., a dorsal nervous system, paired gill-slits, and a notochord.With regard to these features, there can be no doubt that the nervous system of Phoronis is dorsal in position, and its arrangement is exactly comparable to that of Balanoglossus; but, on the other hand, there are no gill-slits in the adult Phoronis, and the notochord is as certainly absent.In the case of the gill-slits, we find upon critical examination that they are extremely variable in extent of number and position in the different Chordata, and in one species, Rhabdopleura, they are, according to present knowledge, entirely absent. For these reasons it is well not to insist on the presence of gill-slits as an essential character. With respect to the notochord a different condition prevails-the hypoblastic origin and vacuolated character of this organ mark it out from all other skeletal structures, and it figures more or less prominently in all the Chordata.

scholarly journals ML-23 The outcome of malignant lymphoma of the central nervous system in a single institution

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. ii18-ii18
Author(s):  
Kiyonori Kuwahara ◽  
Shigeo Ohba ◽  
Kazuyasu Matsumura ◽  
Saeko Higashiguchi ◽  
Daijiro Kojima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Malignant Lymphoma ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Other Hand

Abstract Background: Although high dose-methotrexate therapy has been performed for primary central nervous system malignant lymphoma (PCNSL), R-MPV (rituximab, methotrexate (MTX), procarbazine and vincristine) therapy is currently the first line therapy for (PCNSL) in our hospital. This study examines the results of R-MPV therapy comparing with past treatment. Method/Subjects: Thirty-seven patients treated at our hospital from 2009 to 2020 were included. Overall survival time, progression free survival time, and toxicities were evaluated. Results: The average age of patients was 65.7 years. Patients included 21 males and 16 females. Thirty-six patients were diagnosed DLBCL by resected brain tumor tissues, and one was diagnosed DLBCL by vitreous biopsy. As initial treatment, rituximab±HD-MTX therapy (R±MTX group) was performed in 20 cases, HD-MTX therapy plus radiation (R±MTX+RT group) was performed in 12 cases, and RMPV therapy was performed in 5 cases (R-MPV group). Median OS of all cases was 69 months and median PFS was 38 months. Median OS was 69 months in R±MTX group and could not be calculated in R±MTX+RT, and R-MPV groups. Median PFS was 16 months and 56 months in R±MTX group and R±MTX+RT, respectively, and could not be calculated in the R-MPV group. Although the R-MPV group had a short follow-up period, the results were considered to be comparable to those of the R±MTX+RT group. On the other hand, grade 3/4 adverse events occurred in 50%, 25%, and 100%, respectively. Conclusion: R-MPV therapy may delay the timing of radiation and reduce the amount of radiation. On the other hand, the frequency of adverse events is high, and more strict management of treatment is required.

scholarly journals On Newcomb's method of investigating periodicities and its application to Brückner's weather cycle

1914 ◽  
Vol 90 (619) ◽  
pp. 349-355
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Method ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Numerical Work ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Great Simplicity

During the last few years of his life Prof. Simon Newcomb was keenly interested in the problem of periodicities, and devised a new method for their investigation. This method is explained, and to some extent applied, in a paper entitled "A Search for Fluctuations in the Sun's Thermal Radiation through their Influence on Terrestrial Temperature." The importance of the question justifies a critical examination of the relationship of the older methods to that of Newcomb, and though I do not agree with his contention that his process gives us more than can be obtained from Fourier's analysis, it has the advantage of great simplicity in its numerical work, and should prove useful in a certain, though I am afraid, very limited field. Let f ( t ) represent a function of a variable which we may take to be the time, and let the average value of the function be zero. Newcomb examines the sum of the series f ( t 1 ) f ( t 1 + τ) + f ( t 2 ) f ( t 2 + τ) + f ( t 3 ) f ( t 3 + τ) + ..., where t 1 , t 2 , etc., are definite values of the variable which are taken to lie at equal distances from each other. If the function be periodic so as to repeat itself after an interval τ, the products are all squares and each term is positive. If, on the other hand, the periodic time be 2τ, each product will be negative and the sum itself therefore negative. It is easy to see that if τ be varied continuously the sum of the series passes through maxima and minima, and the maxima will indicated the periodic time, or any of its multiples.

Plaidoyer pour une autre constitution

Res Publica ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-132
Author(s):  
Bernard Remiche ◽  
Charles-Etienne Lagasse
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
National Party ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Unitary State ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Federal Constitution ◽  
The Cross

The 1970 amended Belgian Constitution is at the cross-roads of two currents of history, on one hand, once more the traditional values of the Occidental society ; on the other hand a double communal pressure contests an unitary state : from underneath affirmation of three Belgiannational communities, from above, apparition of a «supra-national party».The authors make a critical examination of the cropping up of bonding institutions in a «pré-fédéral» state, then they clearly state the principles of a really federal Constitution based upon the acknowledgement of the 2 large communities and the 3 regions and the principles of a democratic organization of an economic politic.

On the incubation period in neurolues

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1046-1050
Author(s):  
E. V. Sukhova
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
General Number ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Speaking about syphilis lesions of the central nervous system, it is impossible not to note that these lesions are among the most severe diseases of the latter. But, on the other hand, their severity is redeemed to some extent by the specific means of combating them which we have in our hands. In this case, the fight against neurolues is reduced not so much to its treatment as to its prevention. Hence the interest with which the question of the influence of various conditions on the occurrence of syphilitic lesions of the central nervous system has recently begun to be comprehensively discussed and the exact causes which, from the general number of syphilitics, distinguish the group subsequently condemned to neurolues have been sought to be elucidated.

scholarly journals Mujeres violentas y/o delincuentes: una visión desde la perspectiva biopsicosocial

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Virginia Soldino ◽  
Ángel Romero-Martínez ◽  
Luis Moya-Albiol
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Drug Consumption ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cycle Of Violence ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Low Levels

Violence and/or delinquency in women have been masked to some extent by society. Thus, the main goal of this work is to deeply analyse the published works on these matters, in order to understand this phenomenon from a neurobiological perspective. Firstly, the theory of the cycle of violence as a facilitating mechanism of violence in women will be analysed, with a special emphasis on neuroanatomical correlates. Subsequently, the relation between drug consumption and violence in women will be explained. Finally, the main biological correlates known as facilitating mechanisms of violence in women will be exhaustively described. The main risk factors for the facilitation of violence and/or delinquency in women are mistreatment experiences during childhood and drug consumption. Furthermore, high levels of cortisol and testosterone and low levels of serotonin and oxytocin would be correlates of that violence. On the other hand, two types of aggressors have been described according to the response of the Autonomic Nervous System: the premeditated ones, who present a low reactivity, and the impulsive ones, who present a psychophysiological hyper-reactivity. As it is a complex and insufficiently studied issue, increasing the corpus of knowledge in this topic is necessary with the objective of developing effective programmes of treatment and/or prevention.

Applications of Neuroscience for Managing Affective State at Workplace

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Sonia Baloni Ray
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
The Other ◽  
System Research ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Organisational Behaviour

This article is an effort to bridge the gap between two research fields, namely organisational behaviour and neuroscience. Organisational behaviour corresponds to the study of human behaviour at workplace, which is significantly modulated/controlled by the affective state of individuals. Neuroscience, on the other hand, is a multidisciplinary field of biology involved in the study of the nervous system. Research in the field of neuroscience has provided valuable insights into the mechanisms of emotion processing and psychopathologies of various affective disorders. These findings, although nascent, can be directly or indirectly extended in an organisational setting. This article begins with a review of different forms of emotions at workplace, followed by its implications in the productivity of an organisation. Further, this article explores the ways in which research in the field of neuroscience can be extended in an organisational setting to improve the overall affective state of individuals at workplace, thereby the efficacy of an organisation.

Nervous Diseases and Pregnancy [Nervenerkrankungen und Schwangerschaft]. (Allgem. Zeitschr. f. Psychiat., B. xxxviii, H. 5.) Mongeri

1902 ◽  
Vol 48 (202) ◽  
pp. 568-569
Author(s):  
William W. Ireland
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Severe Attack ◽  
Nervous Disease ◽  
Young Girls ◽  
Sexual Feeling ◽  
Other Hand

He observes that the character of women is altered during pregnancy, and often in a pathological direction. He is of opinion that it has a favourable influence in hysteria when it is not complicated with some other affection of the nervous system. Marriage not only satisfies the sexual instinct, but it gives them some one on whom they can expend their tender feelings, and gains for them some one who will care for them and protect them. “I have known,” he says, “and treated several very hysterical young girls who are now married, and show no trace of nervous disease. Some of them have no longer the desire to satisfy the sexual feeling, and are averse to such intercourse, although they love their husbands and live happily with them. The physician need not hesitate to recommend hysterical women to marry if the other party have a healthy constitution, and is free from predisposition to nervous disease. On the other hand, he should never advise a woman to marry who has come through a severe attack of insanity, not only on account of the danger to the children, but because of the danger of relapse, often in an aggravated form.”

scholarly journals XXVI. On the reflex function of the medulla oblongata and medulla spi­nalis

1833 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 635-665 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Medulla Oblongata ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spinal Marrow ◽  
Moelle Épinière ◽  
Animal Economy ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Sufficient Precision ◽  
Système Nerveux

The higher departments of every science are doubtless its general principles and its laws. These have a claim to our consideration beyond that of insulated facts or mere details. Impressed with this truth, I have hitherto devoted my attention chiefly to the laws and principles of physiology. In a former memoir, I gave the outline of one of the most general of the laws of this science, —that memoir, I propose to give an account of a principle of action in the animal economy, which has not hitherto, I think, been distinguished with sufficient precision from the other vital and animal functions. The principle to which I have adverted is connected, in a peculiar manner, with the medulla oblongata and the medulla spinalis. There is still much dis­crepancy of opinion amongst physiologists, in regard to the properties and functions of these parts of the nervous system. Legallois concluded, from his interesting series of experiments, that the spinal marrow, as a whole, and in distinct portions, is the exclusive source of sensation and voluntary motion. He observes, “La vie du tronc dépend de la moëlle épinière, et celle de chaque partie dépend spécialement de la portion de cette moëlle dont elle reçoit ses nerfs. De plus, il est facile de démontrer que cette prérogative de la moëlle épinière, d’être la source du sentiment et de tous les mouvemens volontaires du tronc, lui appartient exclusivement à tout autre organe.” The Reporters of the Institute adopt the conclusions of Legallois: "M. Legal lois,” they observe,“ a démontré que la section de la moëlle épinière sur les premières ou sur les dernières vertèbres cervicales, n’arrête que les mouvemens inspiratoires, et qu’elle laisse subsister dans tout le corps le sentiment et les mouvemens volontaires. Cette distinction est capitate: personne ne l’avait faite avant lui.” M. Cruveilhier, on the other hand, denounces this view of the functions of the spinal marrow as one of the errors of modern physiology. He observes, “L’indepéndence des diverses parties de la moëlle les unes des autres, l’indepéndence de la moëlle du cerveau, assez généralement admise dans ces derniers temps, me parait une grave erreur physiologique fondée sur d’ingénieuses expériences. L’opinion des anciens, qui regardaient la moëlle comme un gros cordon nerveux destiné à repondre lui seul à tous les nerfs de l’économie, pour transmettre en définitive au cerveau les impressions, ou pour en recevoir les impulsions volontaires ou organiques, cette opinion est bien plus en harmonie avec les faits, avec la grande loi anatomique de la continuité du système nerveux.”

scholarly journals Polemika Euzebiusza z Cezarei z Sossianusem Hieroklesem na temat porównania Apoloniusza z Tiany i Chrystusa jako reprezentantów kultury pogańskiej i chrześcijańskiej

Vox Patrum ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 491-502
Author(s):  
Adam Tondera
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Philosophical Critique ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Eusebius Of Caesarea

In the period of the growing importance of Christianity the pagan culture put forward Apollonius of Tyana as its eminent representative and a rival of Christ. At the beginning of the “great persecution” of the Christians Sossianus Hierocles, a high official in the administration of Diocletian, published his anti-Christian tract called The Lover of Truth, in which he drew a formal comparison between Apollonius and Christ. This way he tried to exalt Apollonius and the authors of the stories about him and the followers of the pagan culture. On the other hand he wanted to humiliate Christ and his apostles and all the Christians. Eusebius of Caesarea, the Christian historian, wrote a treatise in answer, in which he submitted the imagine of Apollonius, used by Hierocles in his anti- Christian propaganda, to a critical examination. His historical and philosophical critique reverses the objections of the adversary and shows some elements of pa­gan culture, represented by Apollonius, which should pass away.

‚Arbeit an den Sachen selbst‘. Zu Praxis und Programmatik der Literatursoziologie Karl Viëtors

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-501
Author(s):  
Carsten Zelle
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
German Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Sociology Of Literature ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Literary Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

Abstract This article focuses on Karl Viëtor’s (1892–1951) literary-sociological oriented Baroque research and follows its development up to a generalized literary-sociological research program. Viëtor defines his stance on the sociology of literature by distancing himself from two strands of thought: on the one hand, from different versions of “Geistesgeschichte” (represented e. g. by Fritz Strich, Oskar Walzel, or Emil Ermatinger), and, on the other hand, from various materialistic positions based on the base/superstructure-model (such as those by Franz Mehring or Karl August Wittfogel). First, I will examine Viëtor’s unpublished lecture History of German Literature in the Age of Baroque (Geschichte der deutschen Literatur im Zeitalter des Barock, 1922/1923 until 1937), which is his repository for his baroque publications in the 1920 s, that also inspired in-depth research conducted by his students. Secondly, I will analyze Viëtor’s Program of a Sociology of Literature (Programm einer Literatursoziologie, 1934), a critical examination of relevant contributions by Erich Rothacker and others, both from bourgeois and Marxist backgrounds. In this text, Viëtor outlines the sociology of literature in two ways: as a sociology of literary life and as a sociology of literary works.

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